WEBVTT 00:00:23.750 --> 00:00:30.750 And three, two. Welcome back to another episode 00:00:30.750 --> 00:00:33.350 of Your Mom on Drugs. We're so happy to have 00:00:33.350 --> 00:00:35.469 you here today. I'm the son. My name's Josh. 00:00:35.929 --> 00:00:40.049 And I'm the mom. I'm Jenny. We got episode 18 00:00:40.049 --> 00:00:44.590 today, but before we go into episode 18, my mom 00:00:44.590 --> 00:00:47.189 on drugs has a nice little housekeeping item 00:00:47.189 --> 00:00:49.009 that she wants to bring up from the previous 00:00:49.009 --> 00:00:51.409 episode on measles. Mom, what do you want to 00:00:51.409 --> 00:00:53.710 tell us? What's the update? I just wanted, I 00:00:53.710 --> 00:00:57.429 said something incorrectly in the measles podcast. 00:00:58.090 --> 00:01:01.950 I think I may have said that pharmacists can't 00:01:01.950 --> 00:01:04.620 vaccinate. children for measles, but that was 00:01:04.620 --> 00:01:08.400 incorrect. In Texas, they can vaccinate children 00:01:08.400 --> 00:01:11.480 for measles if they're 14 years of age and older 00:01:11.480 --> 00:01:14.060 without a prescription. And if they're under 00:01:14.060 --> 00:01:17.780 14, they need a prescription to be able to vaccinate. 00:01:17.959 --> 00:01:21.680 And interestingly, for this vaccine, only pharmacists 00:01:21.680 --> 00:01:25.159 can vaccinate the kiddos under 14, not the pharmacy 00:01:25.159 --> 00:01:27.640 technicians. So I just wanted to clarify that 00:01:27.640 --> 00:01:30.200 for everybody who listens to that podcast. Okay. 00:01:30.260 --> 00:01:32.159 So if somebody is thinking of vaccinating their 00:01:32.159 --> 00:01:35.569 child, If they're under 14, the pharmacist can 00:01:35.569 --> 00:01:38.790 vaccinate. With a prescription. With a prescription. 00:01:38.930 --> 00:01:42.049 But over 14, you can do it without a prescription. 00:01:42.250 --> 00:01:44.689 Right. And I'm thinking, again, as we think about 00:01:44.689 --> 00:01:48.549 that podcast very briefly, a lot of times we're 00:01:48.549 --> 00:01:50.709 looking at kids under 14 that are going to get 00:01:50.709 --> 00:01:53.310 that. So it may be that the parents decide to 00:01:53.310 --> 00:01:55.989 get it done in the healthcare provider's office. 00:01:56.049 --> 00:01:59.329 But there is the option with a prescription to 00:01:59.329 --> 00:02:02.439 have a pharmacist do it. Okay, great. That's 00:02:02.439 --> 00:02:05.060 good housekeeping. Thank you. Well, today we're 00:02:05.060 --> 00:02:06.760 going to be talking about something a little 00:02:06.760 --> 00:02:10.039 bit different today. We are talking about stomach 00:02:10.039 --> 00:02:14.240 bugs today or more typical gastroenteritis. This 00:02:14.240 --> 00:02:17.259 was inspired by a recent bout of gastroenteritis 00:02:17.259 --> 00:02:19.919 that I had. And it was such a unique experience 00:02:19.919 --> 00:02:22.000 because I hadn't had a stomach bug in a long 00:02:22.000 --> 00:02:26.340 time. And I think if anybody's ever had a stomach 00:02:26.340 --> 00:02:29.409 bug, you are just. It's my least favorite form 00:02:29.409 --> 00:02:32.169 of illness in the world. I do not like how it 00:02:32.169 --> 00:02:34.250 feels. I don't like feeling nauseous. I don't 00:02:34.250 --> 00:02:35.849 like all the other stuff that happens inside 00:02:35.849 --> 00:02:38.129 of it. So this is a bit of a disclaimer. We're 00:02:38.129 --> 00:02:41.050 going to be talking about some gastrointestinal 00:02:41.050 --> 00:02:43.330 stuff and fluids and things like that. So if 00:02:43.330 --> 00:02:45.129 you're feeling a bit queasy or if this stuff 00:02:45.129 --> 00:02:47.250 kind of grosses you out, this might be the episode 00:02:47.250 --> 00:02:51.419 to skip. If this could happen to you and we want 00:02:51.419 --> 00:02:53.740 to help you find ways to prevent it in the future, 00:02:53.879 --> 00:02:56.919 other than just talking about what it is. So 00:02:56.919 --> 00:03:00.000 hopefully my experience will educate you and 00:03:00.000 --> 00:03:02.659 my mom on drugs will educate you on how I got 00:03:02.659 --> 00:03:04.740 sick, why I got sick and how you can prevent 00:03:04.740 --> 00:03:07.240 yourself from getting sick in the future, as 00:03:07.240 --> 00:03:09.219 well as when you get sick, what are some steps 00:03:09.219 --> 00:03:11.919 you can do? So does that sound good to you, mama? 00:03:12.039 --> 00:03:14.599 That sounds great. Okay, mom, I got a stomach 00:03:14.599 --> 00:03:18.500 bug. So what happened to me? Well, the first 00:03:18.500 --> 00:03:19.879 thing is that you told me you thought you had 00:03:19.879 --> 00:03:22.319 food poisoning. So again, we want to, we're going 00:03:22.319 --> 00:03:24.280 to kind of help people differentiate between 00:03:24.280 --> 00:03:27.219 having gastroenteritis and food poisoning, as 00:03:27.219 --> 00:03:31.219 well as what to do, you know, at the end. And 00:03:31.219 --> 00:03:33.900 one of the things, one of the reasons that it 00:03:33.900 --> 00:03:38.379 happened at the time it did was that these stomach 00:03:38.379 --> 00:03:41.379 bugs are very common from November to April of 00:03:41.379 --> 00:03:44.259 every year because everybody starts moving inside 00:03:44.259 --> 00:03:48.430 and they're very contagious. crowded more crowded 00:03:48.430 --> 00:03:52.090 conditions like cruise ships or schools or nursing 00:03:52.090 --> 00:03:55.770 homes you know then you can have um epidemics 00:03:55.770 --> 00:03:57.949 or runs of this virus throughout a lot of people 00:03:57.949 --> 00:04:02.789 so there are there so there are always recent 00:04:02.789 --> 00:04:05.909 there are always norovirus cases which is a very 00:04:05.909 --> 00:04:08.830 predominant virus that causes these stomach bugs 00:04:08.830 --> 00:04:12.530 um and so it um happens typically like i said 00:04:12.530 --> 00:04:14.729 in winter gatherings or cruise ships, schools, 00:04:14.930 --> 00:04:18.129 restaurants. And in this most recent norovirus 00:04:18.129 --> 00:04:21.529 outbreak, the states that had the highest cases 00:04:21.529 --> 00:04:24.410 have been so far Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, 00:04:24.689 --> 00:04:27.670 Oklahoma, West Virginia, and Texas has been moderate 00:04:27.670 --> 00:04:31.290 with about 28 cases per 100 ,000 people. It's 00:04:31.290 --> 00:04:33.629 known as the winter vomiting disease, and it 00:04:33.629 --> 00:04:36.569 usually happens from November to April. because 00:04:36.569 --> 00:04:39.089 of that confinement. And some people will also 00:04:39.089 --> 00:04:42.089 call it the stomach flu, but it's really important 00:04:42.089 --> 00:04:46.600 to recognize that the actual... flu which is 00:04:46.600 --> 00:04:50.180 really influenza is a totally different virus 00:04:50.180 --> 00:04:52.980 and it causes totally different symptoms there 00:04:52.980 --> 00:04:55.980 are some there i will do a little bit of a disclaimer 00:04:55.980 --> 00:04:59.720 there are some influenza viruses that can have 00:04:59.720 --> 00:05:01.980 a little bit of effect on your stomach and may 00:05:01.980 --> 00:05:04.319 make you feel nauseated and may vomit but that 00:05:04.319 --> 00:05:06.920 is the exception really rather than the rule 00:05:06.920 --> 00:05:09.860 when you have influenza it's made primarily a 00:05:09.860 --> 00:05:12.680 respiratory illness, whereas the stomach flu 00:05:12.680 --> 00:05:17.480 is a gastrointestinal illness. Yeah. I mean, 00:05:17.519 --> 00:05:19.860 that's such a good point because in the winter 00:05:19.860 --> 00:05:23.620 months, things like the flu, RSV, and coronavirus 00:05:23.620 --> 00:05:26.360 are also going around and they're peaking. And 00:05:26.360 --> 00:05:28.620 even I kind of thought like if it wasn't food 00:05:28.620 --> 00:05:30.379 poisoning, it must have been the flu because 00:05:30.379 --> 00:05:32.000 you hear about this thing called the stomach 00:05:32.000 --> 00:05:35.089 flu. but i didn't know that that's actually just 00:05:35.089 --> 00:05:38.050 like a colloquial term just like just like the 00:05:38.050 --> 00:05:41.290 way that you hear um like i'm trying to think 00:05:41.290 --> 00:05:45.050 of there's an animal name um oh my gosh why can't 00:05:45.050 --> 00:05:46.769 i think of one at the moment but i mean the thing 00:05:46.769 --> 00:05:48.870 that i'm thinking of it but it's actually oh 00:05:48.870 --> 00:05:51.449 a jellyfish right a jellyfish is not actually 00:05:51.449 --> 00:05:54.990 a fish um it's just a blob And, but it's not, 00:05:55.029 --> 00:05:57.069 so it's a misnomer because it's not actually 00:05:57.069 --> 00:05:59.350 a fish. It's actually in the family Cnidaria, 00:05:59.569 --> 00:06:01.569 which is very similar to like coral and things 00:06:01.569 --> 00:06:03.970 like that. So very similar to this. It's not 00:06:03.970 --> 00:06:06.110 a flu, but it's just one of those names that 00:06:06.110 --> 00:06:10.009 stuck. Yes. And so, and so. But this is a norovirus. 00:06:10.050 --> 00:06:12.269 It's norovirus. And so this acute infectious 00:06:12.269 --> 00:06:15.029 gastroenteritis is common in all age groups. 00:06:15.129 --> 00:06:20.120 It doesn't, it doesn't. avoid anybody. And it 00:06:20.120 --> 00:06:22.480 actually is the leading cause of death in developing 00:06:22.480 --> 00:06:25.120 countries. And it's primarily because of the 00:06:25.120 --> 00:06:28.079 dehydration associated with it. And then it can 00:06:28.079 --> 00:06:30.560 be responsible for hospitalizations in up to 00:06:30.560 --> 00:06:32.600 six to eight percent of kids, including the United 00:06:32.600 --> 00:06:35.180 States. So it's not something necessarily to 00:06:35.180 --> 00:06:37.180 sneeze at. You just have to, you know, watch 00:06:37.180 --> 00:06:40.360 your family member to just watch for signs. And 00:06:40.360 --> 00:06:42.199 we'll get to that in just a minute. Yeah, I, 00:06:42.279 --> 00:06:44.939 you know, I can attest to the, you lose a lot 00:06:44.939 --> 00:06:47.879 of fluid. And the bad thing about this is that 00:06:47.879 --> 00:06:49.819 you don't really want to put anything inside 00:06:49.819 --> 00:06:52.519 of you because you feel that urge of like, ooh, 00:06:52.720 --> 00:06:54.519 don't do it because you're going to just eject 00:06:54.519 --> 00:06:56.639 more of it. And so I'm sure you'll talk about 00:06:56.639 --> 00:06:59.379 this later. But yeah, I mean, I can definitely 00:06:59.379 --> 00:07:01.899 attest to the fact that I had some interesting 00:07:01.899 --> 00:07:07.060 symptoms. Yes. So the primary causes for gastroenteritis 00:07:07.060 --> 00:07:11.759 are viruses with norovirus and rotavirus being 00:07:11.759 --> 00:07:14.579 the most common. And then there's a newer virus 00:07:14.579 --> 00:07:17.160 called sapovirus that's been seen because of 00:07:17.160 --> 00:07:19.660 vaccination against rotavirus. And we'll talk 00:07:19.660 --> 00:07:22.379 about that later on. You can also get bacteria 00:07:22.379 --> 00:07:26.620 that cause gastroenteritis, but primarily Staphylococcus, 00:07:26.680 --> 00:07:29.800 Campylobacter and Escherichia coli or E. coli 00:07:29.800 --> 00:07:33.759 as its nickname, Salmonella and Shigella. A lot 00:07:33.759 --> 00:07:36.160 of times you get a bacterial gastroenteritis 00:07:36.160 --> 00:07:39.000 when you're in areas that have poor hygiene and 00:07:39.000 --> 00:07:42.500 sanitation. We don't see that as much in areas 00:07:42.500 --> 00:07:47.480 in the United States because we've got just a 00:07:47.480 --> 00:07:50.160 more fluent country. Although I know there are 00:07:50.160 --> 00:07:52.139 areas in the United States that definitely have 00:07:52.139 --> 00:07:55.680 poverty. But I think it's mainly due to the institutions 00:07:55.680 --> 00:08:00.300 that manage our wastewater and also kind of like 00:08:00.300 --> 00:08:03.230 we talked about in our pharmaceutical. manufacturing 00:08:03.230 --> 00:08:05.569 episode there are good manufacturing processes 00:08:05.569 --> 00:08:08.649 even within the food industry right so we're 00:08:08.649 --> 00:08:10.949 not dumping a lot of waste into our water type 00:08:10.949 --> 00:08:13.290 thing waste into our water and also we're doing 00:08:13.290 --> 00:08:15.870 quality food inspections like if something has 00:08:15.870 --> 00:08:18.129 spoiled or has been infected with a certain bacteria 00:08:19.189 --> 00:08:21.110 It'll either be spotted at the manufacturing 00:08:21.110 --> 00:08:23.470 plant or it'll get recalled. I remember there 00:08:23.470 --> 00:08:25.269 were so many times where like there's certain 00:08:25.269 --> 00:08:27.370 batch of spinach or I remember that we have an 00:08:27.370 --> 00:08:30.230 ice cream place in Texas called Blue Bell. And 00:08:30.230 --> 00:08:33.149 I remember one time there was a listeria outbreak 00:08:33.149 --> 00:08:36.470 in a specific batch of like those kind of small 00:08:36.470 --> 00:08:39.340 cups. but people didn't pay attention to the 00:08:39.340 --> 00:08:41.240 entirety of the announcement and everyone who 00:08:41.240 --> 00:08:43.460 had Bluebell just threw it away. Yes. But it 00:08:43.460 --> 00:08:45.179 was literally just - And it was like a year or 00:08:45.179 --> 00:08:47.159 so before Bluebell came back. It was a long time. 00:08:47.360 --> 00:08:49.720 I know. So it's like those announcements can 00:08:49.720 --> 00:08:53.840 really do some damage, but it's something to 00:08:53.840 --> 00:08:56.440 be grateful for when you live in a society that 00:08:56.440 --> 00:08:58.389 takes food safety. Seriously. And we're going 00:08:58.389 --> 00:08:59.750 to get to more of that later in the episode, 00:08:59.789 --> 00:09:02.789 but something I took for granted. Yeah. Fungus 00:09:02.789 --> 00:09:06.870 can also cause a gastroenteritis as well as parasites. 00:09:07.090 --> 00:09:10.110 And the parasite that you may have heard of the 00:09:10.110 --> 00:09:13.450 most that causes a gastroenteritis is Giardia. 00:09:13.830 --> 00:09:17.909 And it's going to be different than like a viral 00:09:17.909 --> 00:09:21.490 gastroenteritis. When you have Giardia, it doesn't 00:09:21.490 --> 00:09:24.009 go away in a day or two. You know, it's kind 00:09:24.009 --> 00:09:26.919 of a, you've got to have some. anti -bacterial 00:09:26.919 --> 00:09:28.700 treatment. I mean, I'm sorry, anti -parasitic 00:09:28.700 --> 00:09:32.179 treatment for it in order to get rid of it and 00:09:32.179 --> 00:09:34.759 stuff. So yeah, my, well, your daughter -in -law, 00:09:34.779 --> 00:09:37.919 my sister -in -law got Giardia this past year 00:09:37.919 --> 00:09:42.019 and it takes a long time. And I mean, we could 00:09:42.019 --> 00:09:44.159 talk about the reasons, but I think that this 00:09:44.159 --> 00:09:46.320 might be a good reason, time to bring it up. 00:09:46.399 --> 00:09:50.159 So like mom just listed viruses, bacteria, and 00:09:50.159 --> 00:09:52.620 fungus and parasites. And I think we all think 00:09:52.620 --> 00:09:55.419 of those are all pretty small. So like they all 00:09:55.419 --> 00:09:58.539 just be equivalent size, but just to give people 00:09:58.539 --> 00:10:01.960 an idea of how different size these things are. 00:10:02.100 --> 00:10:04.600 So thinking about viruses, bacteria, and even 00:10:04.600 --> 00:10:07.720 your cells, like a white blood cell, if you use 00:10:07.720 --> 00:10:11.419 a virus, which is 38 nanometers wide and nano 00:10:11.419 --> 00:10:14.000 means a billionth of a meter. So it's a billionth 00:10:14.000 --> 00:10:17.080 of a meter, 38 billions of a meter. Let's just 00:10:17.080 --> 00:10:19.340 say that in reference point, we're going to make 00:10:19.340 --> 00:10:22.820 you the height of you, the listener. as the size 00:10:22.820 --> 00:10:25.080 of a virus. So you're the standard. Let's say 00:10:25.080 --> 00:10:28.059 you're five foot seven or something. So compared 00:10:28.059 --> 00:10:32.279 to a bacteria like E. coli, the height of you 00:10:32.279 --> 00:10:36.519 would be five foot seven. The E. coli would be 00:10:36.519 --> 00:10:39.539 the height of the Statue of Liberty. So just 00:10:39.539 --> 00:10:41.379 think about that. If you're next to the Statue 00:10:41.379 --> 00:10:43.000 of Liberty and you're a little virus and you're 00:10:43.000 --> 00:10:45.740 looking at a bacteria, that bacteria is the size 00:10:45.740 --> 00:10:47.860 of the Statue of Liberty. And then if you look 00:10:47.860 --> 00:10:50.779 at your own white blood cells, so compared to 00:10:50.779 --> 00:10:53.200 the virus, the white blood cells would be the 00:10:53.200 --> 00:10:57.100 size of 120 -story mega skyscraper in a large 00:10:57.100 --> 00:10:59.919 city. And then when you think about something 00:10:59.919 --> 00:11:03.179 like a parasite that's composed of multiple cells, 00:11:03.539 --> 00:11:06.519 things like a fungus or of something like Giardia. 00:11:06.879 --> 00:11:09.039 That is like an actual organism, so it's massive. 00:11:09.159 --> 00:11:11.899 So it's going to take a lot longer time for your 00:11:11.899 --> 00:11:14.500 body to handle a larger organism, which is why 00:11:14.500 --> 00:11:16.519 it's harder to clear from your system, especially 00:11:16.519 --> 00:11:18.539 if you're not used to it, if you're in a sanitized 00:11:18.539 --> 00:11:22.299 place that treats their wastewater. But also 00:11:22.299 --> 00:11:26.259 the smallness of a virus. is really key for why 00:11:26.259 --> 00:11:29.080 it can mutate quickly and also kind of evade 00:11:29.080 --> 00:11:32.279 a lot of your body's defenses. Because if your 00:11:32.279 --> 00:11:35.419 cell is so big, it can just kind of escape it 00:11:35.419 --> 00:11:37.639 really easily. So really good to kind of keep 00:11:37.639 --> 00:11:41.740 that mental image in your head of the size comparison 00:11:41.740 --> 00:11:44.080 between a lot of these organisms. Just because 00:11:44.080 --> 00:11:46.960 it's small to you doesn't mean it's small compared 00:11:46.960 --> 00:11:49.399 to other things in your body. Just a quick little 00:11:49.399 --> 00:11:50.919 size detour. I love that. Thank you. Back to 00:11:50.919 --> 00:11:53.580 you, Dr. Schultz. Thank you. So a couple of other 00:11:53.580 --> 00:11:56.919 things that can cause symptoms that are gastroenteritis 00:11:56.919 --> 00:12:02.539 are toxic substances, alcohol, and medications. 00:12:03.299 --> 00:12:06.720 So that's really not the focus of what we're 00:12:06.720 --> 00:12:09.120 talking about here today, but just for completeness, 00:12:09.120 --> 00:12:11.799 things that can upset our tummies. Yeah. I've 00:12:11.799 --> 00:12:14.460 never thrown up with alcohol ever. Yeah. Wow. 00:12:15.500 --> 00:12:20.440 I don't think I want to know. But that would 00:12:20.440 --> 00:12:22.580 be good if that was the case. It's true. Yeah. 00:12:23.120 --> 00:12:26.860 So let's turn our attentions back to the viruses 00:12:26.860 --> 00:12:30.580 that cause gastroenteritis. And like I said, 00:12:30.679 --> 00:12:34.580 the most prevalent one is norovirus. And it's 00:12:34.580 --> 00:12:40.500 responsible for about 50 % of all the gastroenteritis 00:12:40.500 --> 00:12:45.019 outbreaks. Usually per year, there's 19 to 21 00:12:45.019 --> 00:12:48.559 million illnesses out of our population of what, 00:12:48.620 --> 00:12:53.860 350 million people? Yeah. There's over 2 million 00:12:53.860 --> 00:12:57.559 outpatient clinic visits for it, mostly in young 00:12:57.559 --> 00:13:01.980 children. 465 ,000 emergency department visits, 00:13:02.919 --> 00:13:06.700 mostly in young children. 109 hospitalizations, 00:13:06.720 --> 00:13:08.960 and that's mostly going to probably be due to 00:13:08.960 --> 00:13:12.450 dehydration. And then there's actually 900 deaths, 00:13:12.629 --> 00:13:16.330 usually in older people. So norovirus can also, 00:13:16.350 --> 00:13:18.169 there are other things that can cause traveler's 00:13:18.169 --> 00:13:20.509 diarrhea, but norovirus can also cause traveler's 00:13:20.509 --> 00:13:22.570 diarrhea. So you're going to think about the 00:13:22.570 --> 00:13:26.929 cruise ships and maybe going into foreign countries 00:13:26.929 --> 00:13:32.730 and getting ill. Can I tell a brief story? Absolutely. 00:13:33.070 --> 00:13:35.730 So when we were discussing this episode before 00:13:35.730 --> 00:13:38.269 we recorded, mom was telling me about norovirus 00:13:38.269 --> 00:13:40.009 and I didn't know anything about it. So I started 00:13:40.009 --> 00:13:43.389 looking into it and how it was discovered was 00:13:43.389 --> 00:13:45.009 so interesting. I thought it was an interesting 00:13:45.009 --> 00:13:48.889 story to tell. So norovirus was discovered in 00:13:48.889 --> 00:13:54.639 1929 in a town called Norwalk, Ohio. And essentially 00:13:54.639 --> 00:13:56.940 they discovered it because there was a large 00:13:56.940 --> 00:14:00.399 outbreak of these type of symptoms. And this 00:14:00.399 --> 00:14:03.360 is just when kind of the, you know, the pathogenic 00:14:03.360 --> 00:14:08.220 bacterial, you know, cause of disease was gaining 00:14:08.220 --> 00:14:11.340 more ground and becoming more popular. And so 00:14:11.340 --> 00:14:13.820 actually it was called the Norwalk virus before 00:14:13.820 --> 00:14:16.159 it was called the norovirus. But we changed it 00:14:16.159 --> 00:14:20.350 to norovirus. And later, so essentially we have 00:14:20.350 --> 00:14:24.269 this norovirus that is known from 1929. And then 00:14:24.269 --> 00:14:27.669 in 1969, there was an outbreak in an elementary 00:14:27.669 --> 00:14:31.389 school that affected 50 % of the kids. And so 00:14:31.389 --> 00:14:34.509 50 % of the kids couldn't go to school, couldn't 00:14:34.509 --> 00:14:38.690 function because of these symptoms. And researchers 00:14:38.690 --> 00:14:41.830 were like, what is causing this? Like, is it 00:14:41.830 --> 00:14:45.029 a virus? Is it a bacteria? And so these researchers 00:14:45.029 --> 00:14:50.100 from Maryland basically... got samples and took 00:14:50.100 --> 00:14:53.559 it to the local prison. And by samples, unfortunately, 00:14:53.799 --> 00:14:56.019 I mean, they got fecal samples from the kids 00:14:56.019 --> 00:14:59.320 and they pass it through this really, really 00:14:59.320 --> 00:15:01.120 fine filter paper. Kind of like if you're making 00:15:01.120 --> 00:15:03.139 coffee and you put coffee grounds in the filter 00:15:03.139 --> 00:15:06.279 and you pour the water through, the liquid gets 00:15:06.279 --> 00:15:07.919 through, but the coffee grounds stay on top. 00:15:08.039 --> 00:15:09.779 Now it's even finer than that. It's actually 00:15:09.779 --> 00:15:12.159 there to catch viruses because I think the researchers 00:15:12.159 --> 00:15:16.500 suspected that this was a virus. If they filter 00:15:16.500 --> 00:15:20.100 out all the things that are bigger than viruses, 00:15:20.279 --> 00:15:22.840 what's left over on the filter paper is going 00:15:22.840 --> 00:15:25.279 to be viruses. So they took the filter paper 00:15:25.279 --> 00:15:28.399 after the excrement was passed through. And then 00:15:28.399 --> 00:15:31.919 this would never fly now. This is back in the 00:15:31.919 --> 00:15:34.580 late 60s. But they gave it to the prisoners and 00:15:34.580 --> 00:15:36.039 they say, hey, we're going to give you this. 00:15:36.179 --> 00:15:39.620 I don't know if they got their consent. The wording 00:15:39.620 --> 00:15:42.590 that I read in the research paper was. We thought 00:15:42.590 --> 00:15:44.909 it was fine because it wasn't going to cause 00:15:44.909 --> 00:15:48.070 appreciable harm, which I thought was an interesting 00:15:48.070 --> 00:15:50.690 judicious statement to make. I don't know what 00:15:50.690 --> 00:15:52.750 they define as appreciable harm, but I've had 00:15:52.750 --> 00:15:55.070 this illness, and I would say the harm is pretty 00:15:55.070 --> 00:15:58.049 appreciable. But they essentially gave it to 00:15:58.049 --> 00:15:59.809 the prisoners. I think there were three prisoners, 00:15:59.990 --> 00:16:02.769 and out of the three prisoners, two of them got 00:16:02.769 --> 00:16:07.529 these gastroenteritis symptoms. And they then 00:16:07.529 --> 00:16:09.470 collected the excrement from those prisoners. 00:16:10.009 --> 00:16:12.789 And then gave it to nine other prisoners. Same 00:16:12.789 --> 00:16:16.429 filter method. And seven out of those nine prisoners 00:16:16.429 --> 00:16:19.529 got symptoms, various degrees of symptoms that 00:16:19.529 --> 00:16:21.870 we're going to talk about later. And then the 00:16:21.870 --> 00:16:24.389 researchers concluded this is a virus. This is 00:16:24.389 --> 00:16:26.429 the norovirus that is causing these symptoms. 00:16:26.590 --> 00:16:28.950 I just thought that was such a wild story of 00:16:28.950 --> 00:16:31.169 just like, what if we gave this to this population? 00:16:31.590 --> 00:16:34.210 So thanks to these prisoners for essentially 00:16:34.210 --> 00:16:37.029 biting the bullet. providing some evidence for 00:16:37.029 --> 00:16:39.750 causality. I'm glad we have a little bit more 00:16:39.750 --> 00:16:41.929 boundaries as far as how we do research nowadays. 00:16:42.490 --> 00:16:44.769 Same. And, you know, mom's going to talk about 00:16:44.769 --> 00:16:46.429 this a bit later, but one of the hard things 00:16:46.429 --> 00:16:49.230 with viruses is that it's hard to grow them in 00:16:49.230 --> 00:16:51.029 the lab because they're so small and you need 00:16:51.029 --> 00:16:54.850 cells for viruses to infect so that you can grow 00:16:54.850 --> 00:16:56.990 a lot of them and then study them under a microscope. 00:16:57.049 --> 00:16:59.769 We call it an electron microscope. But these 00:16:59.769 --> 00:17:02.129 cells or these viruses, norovirus, are famously 00:17:02.129 --> 00:17:05.670 hard to culture. And so it's very hard to study 00:17:05.670 --> 00:17:07.710 them in the lab. So unfortunately, you need them 00:17:07.710 --> 00:17:10.029 kind of in real life to study them. So you actually 00:17:10.029 --> 00:17:12.849 need patients to get sick. And I think in this 00:17:12.849 --> 00:17:15.650 family, calciveridae, which includes the sapovirus 00:17:15.650 --> 00:17:18.089 and the rotavirus, they're just famously hard 00:17:18.089 --> 00:17:20.880 to grow in cell culture. which is unfortunately 00:17:20.880 --> 00:17:23.180 why we need them in life patients. So I thought 00:17:23.180 --> 00:17:25.140 that was a fun little story. Thank you for sharing 00:17:25.140 --> 00:17:28.240 that. That is, I like history and you know, how 00:17:28.240 --> 00:17:30.299 things came to be. So I think that's very interesting. 00:17:30.359 --> 00:17:32.220 You know, science is a wild place. It is a wild 00:17:32.220 --> 00:17:36.400 place. I'm going to, so, so the next, so rotavirus 00:17:36.400 --> 00:17:42.369 is also a common. virus that causes gastrointestinal 00:17:42.369 --> 00:17:45.509 illnesses in younger children. Usually worldwide, 00:17:45.769 --> 00:17:48.190 it has infected all children by the time they're 00:17:48.190 --> 00:17:51.710 three to five years of age. And neonates, which 00:17:51.710 --> 00:17:55.950 is mean, a neonate is defined as a baby who is 00:17:55.950 --> 00:18:01.230 one month or younger. They can get sick, but 00:18:01.230 --> 00:18:04.849 usually their symptoms are asymptomatic because 00:18:04.849 --> 00:18:06.930 they are protected by their mom's antibodies. 00:18:08.140 --> 00:18:10.740 And or breast milk. Oh, wow. Really? So like 00:18:10.740 --> 00:18:13.059 essentially from the placenta, the antibodies 00:18:13.059 --> 00:18:15.839 that they've gotten there and if they're breastfeeding. 00:18:15.960 --> 00:18:17.420 If their mama is breastfeeding, yes. Oh, that's 00:18:17.420 --> 00:18:20.140 so interesting. But as they get older than three 00:18:20.140 --> 00:18:22.660 months of age, then they will most likely develop 00:18:22.660 --> 00:18:25.500 symptoms. It is the leading cause of diarrheal 00:18:25.500 --> 00:18:28.019 death in children in developing countries due 00:18:28.019 --> 00:18:32.279 to improper access to hydration therapy. The 00:18:32.279 --> 00:18:36.980 symptoms for the disease of rotavirus peaks between 00:18:36.980 --> 00:18:40.019 four and 23 months of age. It's really interesting. 00:18:40.220 --> 00:18:43.380 This is a different kind of virus than norovirus. 00:18:43.500 --> 00:18:47.000 You can get reinfected commonly, but if you get 00:18:47.000 --> 00:18:50.700 reinfected, your symptoms get less. So I thought 00:18:50.700 --> 00:18:52.779 that was very interesting. Do you think it's 00:18:52.779 --> 00:18:55.160 just your body's better at mounting a just an 00:18:55.160 --> 00:18:57.579 innate immune response or not an innate immune 00:18:57.579 --> 00:19:01.680 response? And so if you are a caregiver for a 00:19:01.680 --> 00:19:04.359 baby or a young child who has rotavirus, you 00:19:04.359 --> 00:19:08.720 as the caregiver can also get sick. But so it's 00:19:08.720 --> 00:19:10.299 something that should be in the differential 00:19:10.299 --> 00:19:13.660 diagnosis for which means, you know, look, be 00:19:13.660 --> 00:19:15.420 looking for this. If somebody's got these symptoms 00:19:15.420 --> 00:19:17.220 and you can't exactly figure out what's going 00:19:17.220 --> 00:19:21.930 on with them. And we'll come back to rotavirus 00:19:21.930 --> 00:19:25.890 in a little bit because a vaccine has been developed 00:19:25.890 --> 00:19:28.410 for rotavirus. And so because of that vaccine, 00:19:28.549 --> 00:19:32.829 a virus called sapovirus has become more predominant 00:19:32.829 --> 00:19:37.349 in younger kids as far as causing gastroenteritis. 00:19:37.809 --> 00:19:40.190 So those are the viruses that we're going to 00:19:40.190 --> 00:19:43.529 predominantly focus on. And then I want to switch 00:19:43.529 --> 00:19:46.740 our focus to... Foodborne illness, because a 00:19:46.740 --> 00:19:49.019 lot of times people will think when they get 00:19:49.019 --> 00:19:51.660 a stomach bug, they think it's food poisoning. 00:19:52.140 --> 00:19:55.039 And that's not always the case. I definitely 00:19:55.039 --> 00:19:56.420 thought that. And I think it's usually because 00:19:56.420 --> 00:19:59.180 it's usually after you eat a meal and you're 00:19:59.180 --> 00:20:01.839 usually throwing up. the thing that you just 00:20:01.839 --> 00:20:03.680 ate. So I think there's a kind of that logical 00:20:03.680 --> 00:20:06.160 conclusion of like, Oh, it must've been something 00:20:06.160 --> 00:20:08.640 I ate, but you're saying that that's not, not 00:20:08.640 --> 00:20:11.160 necessarily not the case. Usually not the case. 00:20:11.259 --> 00:20:14.500 You can usually food. You have foodborne illness 00:20:14.500 --> 00:20:16.660 when you've got food that's contaminated with 00:20:16.660 --> 00:20:20.259 a virus or bacteria. And the, the reason that 00:20:20.259 --> 00:20:22.799 foods get contaminated with viruses or bacteria 00:20:22.799 --> 00:20:24.920 are that they are either not cooked properly. 00:20:25.339 --> 00:20:28.240 They have been contaminated with germs and then 00:20:28.240 --> 00:20:31.380 they're spread to hands or surfaces. or other 00:20:31.380 --> 00:20:37.920 foods, or they're not refrigerated properly after 00:20:37.920 --> 00:20:40.319 cooking. I think about Thanksgiving, you know, 00:20:40.339 --> 00:20:42.519 things sit out, you know, for hours, you've just 00:20:42.519 --> 00:20:44.519 got to be, you've got to be sensitive to that, 00:20:44.559 --> 00:20:46.220 you know, that potato salad, or maybe it's a 00:20:46.220 --> 00:20:48.519 picnic or whatever, you, you know, after a while, 00:20:48.579 --> 00:20:50.319 you're like, I'm gonna, sorry, I've got to toss 00:20:50.319 --> 00:20:53.599 this, you know, and stuff. So, and the most common 00:20:55.099 --> 00:20:58.599 that cause foodborne illness are salmonella, 00:20:58.660 --> 00:21:01.839 I'm sorry, norovirus, salmonella, and campylobacter. 00:21:02.680 --> 00:21:07.460 And because of the relative environmental stability, 00:21:07.900 --> 00:21:11.319 norovirus is usually implicated in about 50 % 00:21:11.319 --> 00:21:14.200 of all foodborne outbreaks. I also read in that 00:21:14.200 --> 00:21:18.700 paper that you need like 100 or less viral particles 00:21:18.700 --> 00:21:22.480 to cause a, like to start the illness transaction. 00:21:23.289 --> 00:21:25.829 And that is just a relatively small number. Yes. 00:21:25.910 --> 00:21:28.569 Because I think we also remember viruses need 00:21:28.569 --> 00:21:31.809 cells in order to replicate themselves. So in 00:21:31.809 --> 00:21:35.910 order for them to basically be pathogenic, they 00:21:35.910 --> 00:21:38.150 need to get inside of you. And they can do that 00:21:38.150 --> 00:21:39.829 via the food. So there just needs to be a viral 00:21:39.829 --> 00:21:43.869 particle or at least 100 of them. But things 00:21:43.869 --> 00:21:47.230 like the salmonella or campylobacter, these are 00:21:47.230 --> 00:21:49.569 bacteria. And they can replicate on their own. 00:21:49.750 --> 00:21:52.859 So like mom said, if you have these. somewhat 00:21:52.859 --> 00:21:55.900 warm as a relative term because warm for a bacteria 00:21:55.900 --> 00:21:59.599 can mean above 40 degrees and below 140 degrees. 00:21:59.779 --> 00:22:03.299 And in that range, that's like prime, wonderful 00:22:03.299 --> 00:22:05.660 warmth for bacteria and they can replicate and 00:22:05.660 --> 00:22:08.400 divide. And obviously the more of them there 00:22:08.400 --> 00:22:11.339 are. the higher the risk is for them causing 00:22:11.339 --> 00:22:13.559 a disease inside of you. So that's why we're 00:22:13.559 --> 00:22:16.440 going to talk about proper food cooking and storage 00:22:16.440 --> 00:22:20.259 later on in the episode. But that range, like 00:22:20.259 --> 00:22:22.299 mom said, if you leave that out for hours, you're 00:22:22.299 --> 00:22:24.640 just increasing the risk of that potentially 00:22:24.640 --> 00:22:28.799 causing a foodborne illness. Right. There have 00:22:28.799 --> 00:22:32.880 been about 48 million cases of foodborne illness 00:22:32.880 --> 00:22:36.319 per year. So that's definitely more than norovirus. 00:22:36.380 --> 00:22:39.380 But the reason... possibly for that is that, 00:22:39.539 --> 00:22:42.819 well, there could be, this is just speculation 00:22:42.819 --> 00:22:44.859 on my part. It just depends on whether or not 00:22:44.859 --> 00:22:47.740 you report it or not. And there may be more people 00:22:47.740 --> 00:22:49.759 that are reporting foodborne illness than a lot, 00:22:49.759 --> 00:22:52.519 I mean. Joshua obviously did not go and report 00:22:52.519 --> 00:22:55.500 his stomach bug to anybody but me, you know, 00:22:55.519 --> 00:22:57.559 and stuff, or maybe his friends. Now the whole 00:22:57.559 --> 00:23:01.519 world. But not the CDC. And then there are 128 00:23:01.519 --> 00:23:04.200 ,000 people that are hospitalized per year from 00:23:04.200 --> 00:23:06.500 foodborne illness, and there are 3 ,000 deaths 00:23:06.500 --> 00:23:10.319 per year from foodborne illness. So this effect 00:23:10.319 --> 00:23:12.920 of your gastrointestinal tract, and again, the 00:23:12.920 --> 00:23:16.680 biggest... deal with it is dehydration. We're 00:23:16.680 --> 00:23:19.000 going to get to it. And dehydration is no bueno. 00:23:19.200 --> 00:23:22.660 I mean, it can cause a lot of illness. So foods 00:23:22.660 --> 00:23:25.140 that are most likely to be contaminated or more 00:23:25.140 --> 00:23:27.619 likely to be contaminated are going to be raw 00:23:27.619 --> 00:23:30.640 or undercooked poultry, meat, seafood, or eggs. 00:23:31.339 --> 00:23:34.400 Raw or undercooked sprouts, which I was like, 00:23:34.480 --> 00:23:38.640 oh, that kind of makes sense. You know, unwashed 00:23:38.640 --> 00:23:42.589 fruits and vegetables, cut melon. unpasteurized 00:23:42.589 --> 00:23:45.730 milk juice cider or soft cheese it's that word 00:23:45.730 --> 00:23:49.230 is unpasteurized you know yeah and then raw dough 00:23:49.230 --> 00:23:51.869 or raw dough or raw batter made with uncooked 00:23:51.869 --> 00:23:55.609 flour and josh and i have eaten a boatload of 00:23:55.609 --> 00:23:58.789 cookie dough so we're very fortunate that i don't 00:23:58.789 --> 00:24:00.369 think we've gotten sick from it but you just 00:24:00.369 --> 00:24:04.509 never know so it's hard to tell yeah People who 00:24:04.509 --> 00:24:07.930 are at increased risk for foodborne illness are 00:24:07.930 --> 00:24:10.329 going to be those that are over 65 years of age 00:24:10.329 --> 00:24:13.329 or kiddos less than five years of age, people 00:24:13.329 --> 00:24:19.829 with weakened immune systems, as well as pregnant 00:24:19.829 --> 00:24:24.369 women. Because pregnant women, when you're pregnant, 00:24:24.470 --> 00:24:27.549 your immune system kind of dampens down so that 00:24:27.549 --> 00:24:29.430 it does not attack the baby growing inside of 00:24:29.430 --> 00:24:31.750 you, so that pregnant women will get a lot more 00:24:31.750 --> 00:24:34.390 illnesses because of that. Yeah, there's a great 00:24:34.390 --> 00:24:37.529 YouTube channel. It's a very bizarre name called 00:24:37.529 --> 00:24:40.150 Kirkestat. And they're a wonderful science YouTube 00:24:40.150 --> 00:24:42.029 channel. And there's actually a great episode 00:24:42.029 --> 00:24:44.769 on pregnancy and the wonders of pregnancy and 00:24:44.769 --> 00:24:47.710 how your body doesn't attack your own child. 00:24:48.390 --> 00:24:50.710 Because most of the time your body sees a foreign 00:24:50.710 --> 00:24:52.670 threat and it's going to have an immune response 00:24:52.670 --> 00:24:55.559 to the fact. I think a lot of times in our episodes, 00:24:55.740 --> 00:24:57.859 pregnant women are always like a risk group. 00:24:57.980 --> 00:25:00.059 And I think there's a reason why that is, is 00:25:00.059 --> 00:25:02.420 because your body is going to great lengths to 00:25:02.420 --> 00:25:05.240 protect the new life that is being formed inside 00:25:05.240 --> 00:25:09.740 of you. So let's talk about why on earth do these 00:25:09.740 --> 00:25:15.279 viruses cause you to be ill? Yeah, what was happening 00:25:15.279 --> 00:25:18.640 to me when I was just in the bathroom for hours, 00:25:18.859 --> 00:25:22.230 cold sweat. Flu is draining out of me. It was, 00:25:22.230 --> 00:25:24.349 it is, if anyone's gone through this, it is such 00:25:24.349 --> 00:25:27.789 an uncomfortable, uncomfortable state. What is 00:25:27.789 --> 00:25:29.809 going on? Yeah. It's not fun for a parent either 00:25:29.809 --> 00:25:31.829 when their little kids are sick either. So absolutely. 00:25:32.049 --> 00:25:33.930 Cause you might get sick too. Yeah. Well, no, 00:25:34.009 --> 00:25:35.569 it's just like, you're like, I can't fix this, 00:25:35.589 --> 00:25:40.119 you know? So yeah. So the viruses, along with 00:25:40.119 --> 00:25:43.279 cytotoxins associated with the viruses, they 00:25:43.279 --> 00:25:48.559 have effects on the enterocytes of the intestines. 00:25:48.819 --> 00:25:50.980 And the enterocytes in your intestines are your 00:25:50.980 --> 00:25:56.480 absorptive cells in your intestine. And so they 00:25:56.480 --> 00:26:01.160 actually use these enterocyte cells to... reproduce, 00:26:01.400 --> 00:26:03.799 replicate the viruses do. So that's going to 00:26:03.799 --> 00:26:09.200 cause them to affect. So these cells, they produce 00:26:09.200 --> 00:26:12.180 these brush border enzymes, which allows you 00:26:12.180 --> 00:26:15.759 to digest food. And then it's going to cause 00:26:15.759 --> 00:26:19.099 you to not absorb food and the nutrients in it. 00:26:19.119 --> 00:26:21.099 And it causes osmotic diarrhea. So it's like 00:26:21.099 --> 00:26:24.640 it's concentrated like salt solution. And it 00:26:24.640 --> 00:26:27.059 just causes you to, you know, poop more and stuff. 00:26:27.220 --> 00:26:31.619 And then it can also damage. uh cells and it 00:26:31.619 --> 00:26:35.519 can also cause breakdown of the enterocytes so 00:26:35.519 --> 00:26:37.779 so it just increases the amount of fluid that 00:26:37.779 --> 00:26:40.940 goes through your intestine and when you lose 00:26:40.940 --> 00:26:42.940 a lot of fluid then you lose electrolytes as 00:26:42.940 --> 00:26:44.859 well too like sodium and potassium and we'll 00:26:44.859 --> 00:26:47.349 get to that a little bit too The other thing 00:26:47.349 --> 00:26:51.230 is that norovirus specifically affects the vomiting 00:26:51.230 --> 00:26:53.890 center. So we have a vomiting center inside of 00:26:53.890 --> 00:26:57.630 our brain. And so that's what causes us to vomit. 00:26:57.730 --> 00:27:01.789 And the reason that that happens in acute gastroenteritis 00:27:01.789 --> 00:27:06.109 is because the virus triggers a signaling cascade. 00:27:06.289 --> 00:27:10.349 And the first thing it targets is serotonin release. 00:27:10.470 --> 00:27:14.450 And serotonin is released from... intrachromaffin 00:27:14.450 --> 00:27:17.349 cells that are in your intestine. And I can't 00:27:17.349 --> 00:27:19.829 remember exactly what the intrachromaffin cells 00:27:19.829 --> 00:27:21.809 do, but one of the things that they do is that 00:27:21.809 --> 00:27:25.269 they release serotonin. So when serotonin is 00:27:25.269 --> 00:27:29.170 released, then that goes to the nervous system 00:27:29.170 --> 00:27:33.329 and different nerves that transmit signals to 00:27:33.329 --> 00:27:37.450 the brain. And then these structures in the brain 00:27:38.009 --> 00:27:40.430 activate the vomiting center. And so that produces 00:27:40.430 --> 00:27:42.869 the really violent vomiting that you go through. 00:27:42.990 --> 00:27:46.230 And so serotonin is famous for - Are you talking 00:27:46.230 --> 00:27:49.869 about the enterochromaffin cells? Yes, enterochromaffin. 00:27:49.890 --> 00:27:51.970 Yeah. And then they stimulate the vagus nerve? 00:27:52.130 --> 00:27:54.829 Yes. Yeah. Yeah. And then there's certain regions 00:27:54.829 --> 00:27:57.250 of the brain, like the nucleus tractus solitarii 00:27:57.250 --> 00:28:00.369 and the area prostrema in the brain, right? Right. 00:28:00.410 --> 00:28:02.410 Is that what you were referring to? Yes. Okay. 00:28:02.549 --> 00:28:06.640 Yes. Yeah. Okay, Mr. Biology. Well, I'm just 00:28:06.640 --> 00:28:11.299 reading what you put down. But yes, I mean, it's 00:28:11.299 --> 00:28:13.500 so interesting to see that we have a region in 00:28:13.500 --> 00:28:16.240 our brain that is connected to our gut. And I 00:28:16.240 --> 00:28:18.819 think if anyone's ever heard of the gut -brain 00:28:18.819 --> 00:28:21.559 connection, it is this vagus nerve that is primarily 00:28:21.559 --> 00:28:25.980 associated with this neurotransmitter. And I 00:28:25.980 --> 00:28:27.759 think a lot of times people think serotonin and 00:28:27.759 --> 00:28:29.740 it has to do with like mood disorders because 00:28:29.740 --> 00:28:32.819 we did a whole episode on SSRIs and those reuptake 00:28:32.819 --> 00:28:37.910 inhibitors. But serotonin. is just a neurotransmitter. 00:28:37.910 --> 00:28:40.849 And what a neurotransmitter is, is just a transmission 00:28:40.849 --> 00:28:44.029 of signal from neuron to neuron. And neuron is 00:28:44.029 --> 00:28:47.170 just a nerve cell that basically says, I've got 00:28:47.170 --> 00:28:49.910 a message. I need to send it down the line to 00:28:49.910 --> 00:28:51.930 the end of the terminus, very much like a train 00:28:51.930 --> 00:28:55.430 going from one place to another. And so serotonin 00:28:55.430 --> 00:28:57.809 just happens to be the molecule that's used in 00:28:57.809 --> 00:29:02.630 the gut to signal to the brain to say, hey, something's 00:29:02.630 --> 00:29:05.220 going on here. We need you to do something about 00:29:05.220 --> 00:29:08.319 it. So mom, when this signal gets sent via the 00:29:08.319 --> 00:29:10.279 vagus nerve to these areas of the brain, the 00:29:10.279 --> 00:29:13.640 vomit center of the brain. it triggers this vomiting 00:29:13.640 --> 00:29:16.339 reflex and what happens after that? Well, so 00:29:16.339 --> 00:29:19.220 it also, so, I mean, so you obviously are vomiting. 00:29:19.259 --> 00:29:23.140 It also causes delayed gastric emptying. So your, 00:29:23.160 --> 00:29:25.839 your gut is slowed down. So obviously that makes 00:29:25.839 --> 00:29:27.480 everything worse. You know, then you're going 00:29:27.480 --> 00:29:29.680 to feel more nausea and vomiting because it's 00:29:29.680 --> 00:29:31.539 all, it's just, yeah, it's going the wrong way, 00:29:31.539 --> 00:29:34.509 you know, and stuff. So yeah, absolutely. And 00:29:34.509 --> 00:29:36.690 like we talked about, the key viruses that cause 00:29:36.690 --> 00:29:40.369 this are norovirus and rotavirus. And they've 00:29:40.369 --> 00:29:43.670 got different ways that they may interact in 00:29:43.670 --> 00:29:49.710 the gut that causes you to be sick. It causes 00:29:49.710 --> 00:29:54.390 primarily malabsorption of nutrients when you 00:29:54.390 --> 00:29:57.109 get sick. And so that contributes to some of 00:29:57.109 --> 00:30:01.089 the complications or the consequences of having 00:30:01.089 --> 00:30:05.700 a gastrointestinal illness. Some people might 00:30:05.700 --> 00:30:08.880 think that it's not contagious, but that is so 00:30:08.880 --> 00:30:13.740 wrong. Infectious gastroenteritis is very contagious 00:30:13.740 --> 00:30:19.500 and it's transmitted by what we call the fecal 00:30:19.500 --> 00:30:23.400 oral route. So that means that from your bottom, 00:30:23.460 --> 00:30:25.680 when you've wiped yourself going to the bathroom, 00:30:25.859 --> 00:30:29.079 and then if you don't wash your hands and you 00:30:29.079 --> 00:30:34.819 touch the flusher on the... toilet or the spigot 00:30:34.819 --> 00:30:37.740 you know or the wall or the light switch or whatever 00:30:37.740 --> 00:30:40.180 and you then have contaminated that area and 00:30:40.180 --> 00:30:43.200 somebody comes behind you and uses it then that 00:30:43.200 --> 00:30:46.299 makes them susceptible to getting that virus 00:30:46.299 --> 00:30:53.660 as well a lot of times or You can get also, like 00:30:53.660 --> 00:30:55.619 I talked, bathroom services, but diaper changing 00:30:55.619 --> 00:30:59.279 stations for kiddos as well, too. Or if you shake 00:30:59.279 --> 00:31:00.980 hands with somebody who didn't wash their hands, 00:31:01.140 --> 00:31:06.079 you know, so that's a big deal. And again, it's 00:31:06.079 --> 00:31:08.480 only traces that will cause the disease like 00:31:08.480 --> 00:31:12.480 Josh has already spoken about. And so then it's 00:31:12.480 --> 00:31:14.920 going to spread. And so it has an incubation 00:31:14.920 --> 00:31:17.980 period of about 24 hours before you start seeing 00:31:17.980 --> 00:31:22.319 symptoms. 12 to 72 hours, but the illness can 00:31:22.319 --> 00:31:25.000 last from 12 to 60 hours, just depending on the 00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:28.599 person. And the virus is shed through both your 00:31:28.599 --> 00:31:31.119 feces and occasionally through the vomitus. And 00:31:31.119 --> 00:31:34.859 the peak viral load in your stool or in your 00:31:34.859 --> 00:31:38.380 feces or in your bowel movement is at 24 to 48 00:31:38.380 --> 00:31:41.059 hours. Can we go back? I think people might not 00:31:41.059 --> 00:31:43.200 know what an incubation period is. Because I 00:31:43.200 --> 00:31:46.240 think a lot of times people think, well, I'm 00:31:46.240 --> 00:31:49.799 only sick when I get sick. But an incubation 00:31:49.799 --> 00:31:51.519 period is something that's a bit different, right? 00:31:51.720 --> 00:31:55.569 Right. It's from the point that you got... got 00:31:55.569 --> 00:31:59.990 exposed to the virus or bacteria until you start 00:31:59.990 --> 00:32:04.009 developing symptoms. So it just, it may not be 00:32:04.009 --> 00:32:06.970 in 30 minutes, you know, it may be a whole day, 00:32:06.970 --> 00:32:08.890 you know, before you get sick, or it could be 00:32:08.890 --> 00:32:11.630 two days, you know, and stuff. So, and then you 00:32:11.630 --> 00:32:15.950 will then, but you're contagious, even if you're 00:32:15.950 --> 00:32:19.200 not having symptoms yet. Okay. So gotcha. So 00:32:19.200 --> 00:32:21.220 that's, that might be one of the reasons why 00:32:21.220 --> 00:32:23.980 people think it must be food poisoning because 00:32:23.980 --> 00:32:26.920 I just got sick, but really it might've been 00:32:26.920 --> 00:32:29.019 something that you touched one or two days before 00:32:29.019 --> 00:32:32.559 and the virus was incubating inside of you. It 00:32:32.559 --> 00:32:34.960 was growing inside of you. Yes. Incubating inside 00:32:34.960 --> 00:32:37.599 of you. Yes. Okay. Yes. And different viruses 00:32:37.599 --> 00:32:39.660 have different incubation periods, right? I think 00:32:39.660 --> 00:32:41.740 there are certain respiratory viruses that are 00:32:41.740 --> 00:32:43.880 a bit longer. They could be in the terms of like 00:32:43.880 --> 00:32:46.549 days, like seven to. Yeah, nine days or something 00:32:46.549 --> 00:32:51.109 like that. Yes. Okay. Yes. People with norovirus 00:32:51.109 --> 00:32:54.710 can shed billions of virus particles in their 00:32:54.710 --> 00:32:57.549 stool and even in their vomit. And so it can 00:32:57.549 --> 00:33:00.750 last and hang on to objects and surfaces for 00:33:00.750 --> 00:33:04.049 days or even weeks. And that's why it can, that's 00:33:04.049 --> 00:33:06.670 why when you hear about these outbreaks on cruise 00:33:06.670 --> 00:33:10.289 ships, they're just frantically trying to clean 00:33:10.289 --> 00:33:15.230 everything so that it can not. be passed on to 00:33:15.230 --> 00:33:19.150 other people. Stop the spread. Yeah. Yeah. Foodborne 00:33:19.150 --> 00:33:22.750 illness. Interestingly, because remember it's, 00:33:22.750 --> 00:33:28.289 it's, it's caused by similar viruses and bacteria 00:33:28.289 --> 00:33:31.990 that cause a regular gastroenteritis. It can 00:33:31.990 --> 00:33:36.230 also be contagious because of the fact that you're 00:33:36.230 --> 00:33:40.450 expelling these same types of organisms. And 00:33:40.450 --> 00:33:42.849 I thought it was, you know, again, it's transmitted 00:33:42.849 --> 00:33:45.109 by that fecal oral route. I thought this was 00:33:45.109 --> 00:33:50.410 really interesting. If Josh ate bad lettuce. 00:33:51.180 --> 00:33:54.140 And then ends up with a gastroenteritis, forgets 00:33:54.140 --> 00:33:57.220 to wash his hands. And he then gets a foodborne 00:33:57.220 --> 00:34:01.819 illness. But if I get it, it's considered gastroenteritis 00:34:01.819 --> 00:34:04.200 and not foodborne illness because I didn't eat 00:34:04.200 --> 00:34:06.839 the food. I just got the virus. Interesting. 00:34:06.920 --> 00:34:08.980 Yeah. Okay. So I thought that was really interesting. 00:34:09.079 --> 00:34:11.019 So the source might be the food, but then the 00:34:11.019 --> 00:34:14.400 passing just becomes. It becomes a regular just 00:34:14.400 --> 00:34:15.960 gastroenteritis. Sounds like a chicken or egg. 00:34:16.059 --> 00:34:18.869 Yeah. Where did it come from? Yeah. Foodborne 00:34:18.869 --> 00:34:21.730 illnesses may not be contagious if they're due 00:34:21.730 --> 00:34:24.230 to toxins or chemicals. And I think one of the 00:34:24.230 --> 00:34:30.969 ones that may be more notable is botulism. Again, 00:34:31.070 --> 00:34:34.769 remember that is due to, I think about, you think 00:34:34.769 --> 00:34:37.510 about your grandma's canned goods. And if it 00:34:37.510 --> 00:34:41.070 didn't seal correctly, the botulinum toxin, which 00:34:41.070 --> 00:34:46.909 is, oh my gosh. Clostridia. Clostridia and botulinum. 00:34:46.909 --> 00:34:49.989 Yes. It will start growing. And then if you eat 00:34:49.989 --> 00:34:53.369 it, then you'll get sick. But that is not a transferable 00:34:53.369 --> 00:34:56.150 bacteria. This is also so interesting because 00:34:56.150 --> 00:35:00.610 this is literally a dose makes the poison lesson 00:35:00.610 --> 00:35:06.809 because the primary ingredient in Botox treatment. 00:35:07.260 --> 00:35:10.760 is botulinum toxin. So when you get a Botox injection, 00:35:11.179 --> 00:35:14.719 you're getting a low dose of botulinum toxin, 00:35:14.719 --> 00:35:18.539 which basically acts as kind of like a, basically 00:35:18.539 --> 00:35:23.320 it increases water's ability to rush into certain 00:35:23.320 --> 00:35:26.280 bits of your tissue to kind of give you a more 00:35:26.280 --> 00:35:29.840 like puffed out experience, which people associate 00:35:29.840 --> 00:35:33.619 with youth. But too much of it. uh you can you 00:35:33.619 --> 00:35:35.960 can basically go through severe paralysis paralysis 00:35:35.960 --> 00:35:38.820 is the big deal yeah so this is literally like 00:35:38.820 --> 00:35:41.300 where dose makes the poison um you can have too 00:35:41.300 --> 00:35:43.539 little or too much or just the right amount of 00:35:43.539 --> 00:35:45.340 something and that's why things aren't usually 00:35:45.340 --> 00:35:47.900 quote unquote bad it just really does depend 00:35:47.900 --> 00:35:50.460 on the amount um and that's why it's really good 00:35:50.460 --> 00:35:53.960 to study what amounts are are tolerable and where 00:35:53.960 --> 00:35:56.199 your risk profile is low or high there you go 00:35:56.199 --> 00:36:00.559 there you go OK, here we go. Clinical manifestations 00:36:00.559 --> 00:36:04.460 are what on earth happens when we get a gastroenteritis. 00:36:04.559 --> 00:36:07.039 OK, let's talk about, first of all, viral gastroenteritis. 00:36:07.260 --> 00:36:09.860 I mentioned that the incubation period or the 00:36:09.860 --> 00:36:12.780 time that you could. Already have the virus, 00:36:12.880 --> 00:36:15.400 but you're not showing symptoms yet is 24 hours 00:36:15.400 --> 00:36:18.699 with a range of 12 to 72 hours. And then you 00:36:18.699 --> 00:36:21.219 have a sudden onset of symptoms like loss of 00:36:21.219 --> 00:36:24.059 appetite, nausea. Vomiting can be more prevalent 00:36:24.059 --> 00:36:26.840 in children than adults, but we also as adults 00:36:26.840 --> 00:36:29.519 can vomit as well. I can assess to that. Diarrhea 00:36:29.519 --> 00:36:32.239 is also more prevalent in adults than kiddos, 00:36:32.300 --> 00:36:34.420 but they can also have loose watery stools as 00:36:34.420 --> 00:36:37.420 well. Abdominal pain. And sometimes you can also 00:36:37.420 --> 00:36:40.519 have other systemic symptoms like headache, fever, 00:36:40.639 --> 00:36:43.639 chill. or myalgias. Myalgias are like just body 00:36:43.639 --> 00:36:47.500 aches. The symptoms usually last from anywhere 00:36:47.500 --> 00:36:52.039 from 12 to 60 hours. And then it's usually self 00:36:52.039 --> 00:36:56.519 -limiting. With foodborne illness, the symptoms 00:36:56.519 --> 00:36:59.860 are going to typically show up more rapidly, 00:37:00.079 --> 00:37:03.659 usually two to six hours after you've eaten contaminated 00:37:03.659 --> 00:37:06.440 food or liquid. Although it can take longer in 00:37:06.440 --> 00:37:08.440 some cases. So there's no like hard and fast 00:37:08.440 --> 00:37:11.099 rule on that. Symptoms are very similar with 00:37:11.099 --> 00:37:14.139 diarrhea, fever, headache, stomach pain, nausea, 00:37:14.139 --> 00:37:16.960 and vomiting. And the symptoms typically resolve 00:37:16.960 --> 00:37:19.579 more quickly with food poisoning than they do 00:37:19.579 --> 00:37:22.059 with gastroenteritis, usually within 12 to 48 00:37:22.059 --> 00:37:27.460 hours. So you can see that it can be difficult 00:37:27.460 --> 00:37:30.420 to determine whether or not you've got food poisoning 00:37:30.420 --> 00:37:34.300 or a viral gastroenteritis. But one, I think, 00:37:34.300 --> 00:37:38.929 way to maybe differentiate as well is If you 00:37:38.929 --> 00:37:42.769 hear that there is some sort of a bug going around, 00:37:42.929 --> 00:37:48.969 when my kids were in school, some parent would 00:37:48.969 --> 00:37:51.010 say, oh, they're out because they're throwing 00:37:51.010 --> 00:37:53.630 up. And I'm like, oh, no, here it comes because 00:37:53.630 --> 00:37:55.889 it can pass very easily, especially in a closed 00:37:55.889 --> 00:37:58.670 environment like a school. So if you hear about 00:37:58.670 --> 00:38:00.769 something going around, it may be more likely 00:38:00.769 --> 00:38:04.289 a gastroenteritis than food poisoning. And to 00:38:04.289 --> 00:38:06.210 your point earlier, it can be really hard to 00:38:06.210 --> 00:38:10.030 determine, right? a foodborne illness could be 00:38:10.030 --> 00:38:13.789 the genesis of a case of gastroenteritis right 00:38:13.789 --> 00:38:17.750 so one person eats a bad you know bad enchilada 00:38:17.750 --> 00:38:20.829 and then passes it to their family and then that 00:38:20.829 --> 00:38:24.170 family goes out and spreads it so it really does 00:38:24.170 --> 00:38:26.369 seem like this kind of almost like tangled web 00:38:26.989 --> 00:38:28.849 Of like, where does one stop and where does one 00:38:28.849 --> 00:38:31.849 begin? Because basically you describing these 00:38:31.849 --> 00:38:34.690 symptoms to me, both of those sound exactly what 00:38:34.690 --> 00:38:36.590 I went through. And actually looking at this 00:38:36.590 --> 00:38:39.389 list, it does seem more like the foodborne illness, 00:38:39.630 --> 00:38:42.969 even the timeline. I was like, it seemed to happen 00:38:42.969 --> 00:38:45.449 very quick after I ate a meal, but it's hard 00:38:45.449 --> 00:38:47.670 to determine causality, right? It is. And it 00:38:47.670 --> 00:38:50.449 also, they tended to stop, you know, within a 00:38:50.449 --> 00:38:52.420 really short. Period of time, because I think 00:38:52.420 --> 00:38:54.380 the next day I was just I was just kind of feeling 00:38:54.380 --> 00:38:57.019 tired, but I didn't feel the same way. I don't 00:38:57.019 --> 00:38:58.360 think you wanted to eat anything, though. So, 00:38:58.400 --> 00:39:00.679 yeah, that is correct. Yeah. So maybe that's 00:39:00.679 --> 00:39:04.119 a sign that I had more gastroenteritis than than 00:39:04.119 --> 00:39:06.599 these foodborne illness. And it is really hard 00:39:06.599 --> 00:39:09.039 to tell. And again, remembering that norovirus 00:39:09.039 --> 00:39:12.739 is very common between November and April. It's 00:39:12.739 --> 00:39:15.699 just because of closed systems, because we all 00:39:15.699 --> 00:39:17.820 go inside because the weather is just different. 00:39:17.960 --> 00:39:20.820 So in the fact that other people I. heard that 00:39:20.820 --> 00:39:23.480 people were having you know similar stomach illnesses 00:39:23.480 --> 00:39:25.440 as well right i just associated that with the 00:39:25.440 --> 00:39:27.380 flu because the flu was going around right but 00:39:27.380 --> 00:39:29.619 that's not the same right not the same yeah so 00:39:29.619 --> 00:39:31.980 yeah so so any and you're like thinking well 00:39:31.980 --> 00:39:34.039 we couldn't have all eaten the same bad food 00:39:34.039 --> 00:39:36.440 you know because we all obviously didn't go eat 00:39:36.440 --> 00:39:39.760 at the same place exactly yeah so yeah so that 00:39:39.760 --> 00:39:41.320 that so you have to kind of piece some things 00:39:41.320 --> 00:39:47.639 together and stuff so um so Potential complications 00:39:47.639 --> 00:39:51.619 associated with a gastroenteritis. First of all, 00:39:51.639 --> 00:39:53.579 let's start with viral gastroenteritis. Well, 00:39:53.699 --> 00:39:56.000 both viral gastroenteritis and foodborne illness. 00:39:56.519 --> 00:39:59.940 If you start vomiting blood or you see blood 00:39:59.940 --> 00:40:01.659 in your stool, then you need to see a health 00:40:01.659 --> 00:40:03.320 care provider because that's not necessarily 00:40:03.320 --> 00:40:06.760 normal. And then if you have prolonged vomiting 00:40:06.760 --> 00:40:11.469 for greater than 48 hours. Or if you cannot keep 00:40:11.469 --> 00:40:15.230 fluids down for 24 hours, then you need help. 00:40:15.349 --> 00:40:18.949 Because, again, you are fluid deprived and you 00:40:18.949 --> 00:40:21.250 also are electrolyte deprived. And it makes you 00:40:21.250 --> 00:40:24.570 feel really sick. And the reason that you feel 00:40:24.570 --> 00:40:28.730 really sick is because you are dehydrated. It's 00:40:28.730 --> 00:40:30.670 really interesting. Symptoms associated with 00:40:30.670 --> 00:40:33.070 dehydration are thirst. But like Josh said, the 00:40:33.070 --> 00:40:35.469 last thing you want to do is drink anything when 00:40:35.469 --> 00:40:38.050 you're throwing up. And that's why a lot of places 00:40:38.050 --> 00:40:41.469 will put. IVs in you, right? Like it's like you, 00:40:41.550 --> 00:40:43.469 because you can't keep something down. You got 00:40:43.469 --> 00:40:45.389 to put something inside of you. You got to get 00:40:45.389 --> 00:40:47.610 those electrolytes back in you. Yeah. Cause what's 00:40:47.610 --> 00:40:51.289 the primary fluid in your body, mom? Water. Yeah. 00:40:51.389 --> 00:40:53.469 And what is it? What does it help circulate around 00:40:53.469 --> 00:40:59.889 you? Well, you got blood. Blood. Yeah. The whole 00:40:59.889 --> 00:41:02.730 thing that carries oxygen and glucose to the 00:41:02.730 --> 00:41:05.269 rest of your body. Yeah. So if you're not, if 00:41:05.269 --> 00:41:07.289 you don't have enough fluid to. pump that around, 00:41:07.389 --> 00:41:08.849 of course you're going to feel awful. You're 00:41:08.849 --> 00:41:09.750 going to feel terrible. I was just giving you 00:41:09.750 --> 00:41:12.170 a few questions. In addition to the whole GI, 00:41:12.389 --> 00:41:14.670 the gastrointestinal feelings, then you've got 00:41:14.670 --> 00:41:16.510 other systemic things that cause you to feel 00:41:16.510 --> 00:41:18.389 really bad because you're dehydrated. Absolutely. 00:41:18.909 --> 00:41:21.510 Other ways to know that you're dehydrated are 00:41:21.510 --> 00:41:24.849 if you're not. peeing as much or if your urine 00:41:24.849 --> 00:41:27.429 is a really dark color. You may notice, and this 00:41:27.429 --> 00:41:30.670 is a little fun fact, in the morning when you 00:41:30.670 --> 00:41:32.750 pee for the first time after you get up, your 00:41:32.750 --> 00:41:35.289 urine is darker. But as you go on through the 00:41:35.289 --> 00:41:37.429 day and you've hydrated yourself with beverages, 00:41:37.570 --> 00:41:39.710 your urine color will get lighter. That makes 00:41:39.710 --> 00:41:41.789 sense because, I mean, at night you're sleeping 00:41:41.789 --> 00:41:43.909 for seven or eight hours. That makes a lot of 00:41:43.909 --> 00:41:45.429 sense that you're more dehydrated when you wake 00:41:45.429 --> 00:41:48.530 up. If you stop having bowel movements, you know, 00:41:48.570 --> 00:41:51.070 then that can be a sign of being dehydrated. 00:41:51.210 --> 00:41:55.489 If you feel weak, dizzy, lightheaded, if you 00:41:55.489 --> 00:41:58.530 have sunken eyes. For kiddos, if they cry without 00:41:58.530 --> 00:42:02.989 tears or if they have no wet diaper for six hours, 00:42:03.090 --> 00:42:06.389 it's very concerning. Or babies have this little 00:42:06.389 --> 00:42:08.769 sunken area in the top. They've got this little 00:42:08.769 --> 00:42:10.789 soft spot in the top of their head. It's called 00:42:10.789 --> 00:42:13.409 their fontanelle. That can sink in when they 00:42:13.409 --> 00:42:16.230 are dehydrated and that's not good. You would 00:42:16.230 --> 00:42:18.829 need to maybe possibly talk to your pediatrician 00:42:18.829 --> 00:42:23.750 about that. You can feel if babies are really 00:42:23.750 --> 00:42:26.150 sleepy or drowsy or unresponsive, then that's 00:42:26.150 --> 00:42:29.289 not good as well, too. And you can get a dehydration 00:42:29.289 --> 00:42:32.570 headache. Your lips and tongue can be dry. And 00:42:32.570 --> 00:42:35.119 as I talked about, you can. be depleted of certain 00:42:35.119 --> 00:42:37.179 electrolytes. The ones that are most common are 00:42:37.179 --> 00:42:40.099 potassium and sodium. If you have low sodium, 00:42:40.280 --> 00:42:43.219 you can get muscle cramping and weakness. It 00:42:43.219 --> 00:42:45.619 also contributes to nausea and vomiting. It also 00:42:45.619 --> 00:42:48.420 can cause lethargy or feeling really tired or 00:42:48.420 --> 00:42:51.619 headaches. So when you have low sodium, you can 00:42:51.619 --> 00:42:55.239 feel sick. And with low potassium, you can be 00:42:55.239 --> 00:42:57.699 constipated. Or the thing with low potassium 00:42:57.699 --> 00:43:00.119 is it can cause heart palpitations and potentially 00:43:00.119 --> 00:43:03.460 heart arrhythmias if it gets low enough. And 00:43:03.460 --> 00:43:06.139 so you can have muscle weakness and spasms. So 00:43:06.139 --> 00:43:08.980 again, nothing to sneeze at when you have low 00:43:08.980 --> 00:43:11.559 electrolytes, lower electrolytes. Yeah, this 00:43:11.559 --> 00:43:13.780 might be a good time to remind people why electrolytes 00:43:13.780 --> 00:43:17.260 are important. Your cells in your body. are always 00:43:17.260 --> 00:43:19.340 trying to return to this thing called homeostasis, 00:43:19.440 --> 00:43:21.539 which is like just a fancy word for balance. 00:43:21.780 --> 00:43:23.820 And by balance, it just means we have the proper 00:43:23.820 --> 00:43:26.159 amount of sugar inside of a cell and outside 00:43:26.159 --> 00:43:28.559 of a cell. We have a proper amount of water inside 00:43:28.559 --> 00:43:31.239 the cell and outside of the cell. And in order 00:43:31.239 --> 00:43:34.219 to transport or move those things back and forth, 00:43:34.320 --> 00:43:36.679 they do them on these things called chemical 00:43:36.679 --> 00:43:38.880 gradients, which basically means you have a concentration 00:43:38.880 --> 00:43:41.909 of one on one side and one on the other. And 00:43:41.909 --> 00:43:43.969 primarily how that's done are these things called 00:43:43.969 --> 00:43:46.409 sodium potassium pumps, where you move sodium 00:43:46.409 --> 00:43:48.690 inside the cell, potassium outside the cell. 00:43:48.769 --> 00:43:52.449 And this constant shifting of these sodium potassium, 00:43:52.730 --> 00:43:55.130 which we call electrolytes, gives the energy 00:43:55.130 --> 00:43:58.829 to move a lot of these substances in and out 00:43:58.829 --> 00:44:01.349 of the cell, making your body feeling like it's 00:44:01.349 --> 00:44:04.130 at balance. So if you are constantly purging 00:44:04.130 --> 00:44:07.110 your body of fluid that has a lot of these electrolytes 00:44:07.110 --> 00:44:09.550 in it, your body doesn't have them to be able 00:44:09.550 --> 00:44:12.159 to move these things in and out. Which can obviously 00:44:12.159 --> 00:44:14.400 cause a lot of problems. So I think a lot of 00:44:14.400 --> 00:44:15.900 times people hear electrolyte and like, oh, I 00:44:15.900 --> 00:44:17.739 need to have more of these. It's like, it really 00:44:17.739 --> 00:44:20.500 depends. And the reason you need them is so that 00:44:20.500 --> 00:44:23.340 your body can function properly so that it can 00:44:23.340 --> 00:44:25.920 do the jobs that it needs to do. So just want 00:44:25.920 --> 00:44:28.119 to give, just give a brief explanation of what 00:44:28.119 --> 00:44:31.579 electrolytes are. That's a great point. And then 00:44:31.579 --> 00:44:35.559 the last thing that you, well, not. One of the 00:44:35.559 --> 00:44:37.800 last things is that there's something called 00:44:37.800 --> 00:44:40.940 vasovagal syncope, which means that you can pass 00:44:40.940 --> 00:44:45.119 out when you are dehydrated. That happened to 00:44:45.119 --> 00:44:47.880 me. Yeah, that's wild. There's a term for it? 00:44:47.920 --> 00:44:50.199 There is. It's called vasovagal syncope. So syncope 00:44:50.199 --> 00:44:52.739 means passing out because what happens is that 00:44:52.739 --> 00:44:55.280 similar, that same vagus nerve that Josh talked 00:44:55.280 --> 00:44:58.139 about, that's that connection between those. 00:44:59.220 --> 00:45:01.619 enterocytes and enterochromaffin cells in the 00:45:01.619 --> 00:45:04.679 gut and your head, they carry signals from the 00:45:04.679 --> 00:45:06.519 brain to the rest of the body. And they also 00:45:06.519 --> 00:45:09.460 control functions like heart rate and blood pressure. 00:45:09.619 --> 00:45:13.380 So they can get overstimulated due to triggers 00:45:13.380 --> 00:45:16.800 like stress or dehydration. And so if they get 00:45:16.800 --> 00:45:19.139 stimulated, it then will cause the heart rate 00:45:19.139 --> 00:45:22.900 to slow and the blood vessels will open up or 00:45:22.900 --> 00:45:25.559 become wider. And that's going to cause you to 00:45:25.559 --> 00:45:29.650 get lightheaded or even pass out. Um, so, um, 00:45:29.789 --> 00:45:33.369 you, if you feel like that and you're still throwing 00:45:33.369 --> 00:45:36.210 up, it would be a good idea to at least be sitting 00:45:36.210 --> 00:45:38.550 on the floor, you know, to do that. Passing out 00:45:38.550 --> 00:45:41.210 makes sure I did that. Yeah. Yeah. So, yeah, 00:45:41.250 --> 00:45:43.130 because if you pass out from a standing position, 00:45:43.409 --> 00:45:46.230 then you can really get yourself hurt because 00:45:46.230 --> 00:45:47.750 we're, even though you don't think we're that 00:45:47.750 --> 00:45:49.210 heavy, we're that heavy. You could hit the head 00:45:49.210 --> 00:45:50.909 of the toilet. I mean, then you end up with a 00:45:50.909 --> 00:45:52.969 lot of other things and stuff. So going on. Yeah. 00:45:53.090 --> 00:45:55.710 It was wild of just like all of a sudden just 00:45:55.710 --> 00:45:58.829 wake up and be like. how did I get on the floor? 00:45:58.909 --> 00:46:01.809 And luckily I was sitting down. Yeah. But it 00:46:01.809 --> 00:46:03.809 was, it was such a, if anyone's ever passed out 00:46:03.809 --> 00:46:06.170 before, it's such a wild experience because it's 00:46:06.170 --> 00:46:07.989 like falling asleep. Like you don't really know 00:46:07.989 --> 00:46:09.929 that you've done it until you regain consciousness 00:46:09.929 --> 00:46:13.869 again. Yeah. Yeah. Other complications that can 00:46:13.869 --> 00:46:16.449 be associated specifically with foodborne illnesses 00:46:16.449 --> 00:46:21.710 are miscarriages and stillbirth. If you get a 00:46:21.710 --> 00:46:26.119 listeria. Um, that because listeria causes neurologic 00:46:26.119 --> 00:46:28.420 damage, damage and death to the growing fetus. 00:46:28.760 --> 00:46:31.420 Um, you can get kidney damage. Now these aren't, 00:46:31.420 --> 00:46:34.360 these are not common. I'm just giving you things 00:46:34.360 --> 00:46:36.599 that have happened, but they're not, that's not 00:46:36.599 --> 00:46:39.280 the norm. These are extreme cases of foodborne 00:46:39.280 --> 00:46:41.679 illnesses. Uh, kidney, you could have kidney 00:46:41.679 --> 00:46:45.340 damage with. Escherichia coli, which is E. coli, 00:46:45.340 --> 00:46:47.800 because it can cause kidney failure. And then 00:46:47.800 --> 00:46:50.460 interestingly, you can get arthritis with salmonella 00:46:50.460 --> 00:46:52.320 and campylobacter, so it could cause chronic 00:46:52.320 --> 00:46:55.239 arthritis and joint damage. But again, these 00:46:55.239 --> 00:46:57.559 are the exceptions, not the rules, but we're 00:46:57.559 --> 00:47:00.679 just doing a complete conversation about things 00:47:00.679 --> 00:47:03.119 that can happen. I imagine these are just extreme 00:47:03.119 --> 00:47:08.300 immune responses to a large bout of these pathogens. 00:47:08.699 --> 00:47:12.369 Right. Really interesting. So as we've described 00:47:12.369 --> 00:47:16.710 this illness, which nobody really ever wants, 00:47:16.849 --> 00:47:19.090 what on earth can we do to treat it? And what 00:47:19.090 --> 00:47:20.690 can we do in the aftermath? Yeah, in the moment 00:47:20.690 --> 00:47:22.929 when I was doing, I'm like, I don't really know 00:47:22.929 --> 00:47:25.449 what to do. Like I'm just sitting here vomiting 00:47:25.449 --> 00:47:29.730 and I want to know what is the best way to treat 00:47:29.730 --> 00:47:32.309 myself to give myself the best possible outcome 00:47:32.309 --> 00:47:35.030 so that I don't have either a permanent damage 00:47:35.030 --> 00:47:37.590 or that I can make the symptoms last less. So 00:47:37.590 --> 00:47:39.690 I think. What are some of the things that I can 00:47:39.690 --> 00:47:43.329 do in this moment? Well, there's not a lot of 00:47:43.329 --> 00:47:46.909 things to do to necessarily make it last for 00:47:46.909 --> 00:47:49.929 a shorter time period, but we can rest. And when 00:47:49.929 --> 00:47:55.909 we can... ingest oral fluids it's small sips 00:47:55.909 --> 00:47:59.429 of fluids or ice chips maybe and um and then 00:47:59.429 --> 00:48:03.170 oral rehydration formulas like pedialyte adults 00:48:03.170 --> 00:48:05.630 can even drink pedialyte as well too i remember 00:48:05.630 --> 00:48:07.969 when my kids were little and they would get a 00:48:07.969 --> 00:48:10.050 stomach bug my pediatrician's office would say 00:48:10.050 --> 00:48:13.409 if they haven't vomited in an hour then you can 00:48:13.409 --> 00:48:18.360 try um a a small drink with them because they 00:48:18.360 --> 00:48:20.380 were thirsty when they were little kids and they 00:48:20.380 --> 00:48:22.219 didn't understand they shouldn't drink and guzzle 00:48:22.219 --> 00:48:24.800 it and stuff. But normally they were, they were 00:48:24.800 --> 00:48:27.079 definitely vomiting within an hour and stuff. 00:48:27.099 --> 00:48:28.820 So it took a several times, you know, it took 00:48:28.820 --> 00:48:30.599 a while before you could give them something. 00:48:30.619 --> 00:48:32.420 So it might be good just to have a bottle of 00:48:32.420 --> 00:48:35.239 that. Just like when you do happen to have a 00:48:35.239 --> 00:48:38.820 stomach virus, then to have that just lying around 00:48:38.820 --> 00:48:41.039 to replace electrolytes as well. Okay. Because 00:48:41.039 --> 00:48:44.769 it's got some electrolytes in it. Okay. The other 00:48:44.769 --> 00:48:49.670 thing that can be done is there, you know, you 00:48:49.670 --> 00:48:51.489 can contact your health care provider and see 00:48:51.489 --> 00:48:54.010 if they would give you an anti -emetic, which 00:48:54.010 --> 00:48:56.630 means an anti -throwing up drug. The one that's 00:48:56.630 --> 00:48:59.510 most commonly prescribed is on Dancitron or Zofran. 00:49:01.250 --> 00:49:03.730 It could help just control some nausea and vomiting 00:49:03.730 --> 00:49:06.150 symptoms because it's, it's, it's, this is going 00:49:06.150 --> 00:49:08.349 to be like after it's been going on for a while. 00:49:08.449 --> 00:49:09.690 You're not going to want to take it initially 00:49:09.690 --> 00:49:14.400 because, you know, and the, the, the virus, exudes 00:49:14.400 --> 00:49:16.579 a toxin and you've got to get that out of your 00:49:16.579 --> 00:49:19.559 body and stuff. So is this something like Zofran 00:49:19.559 --> 00:49:22.719 or what was the other or Dancitron? They're the 00:49:22.719 --> 00:49:24.320 same thing. Oh, they're the same thing. Okay. 00:49:24.519 --> 00:49:28.059 And these are anti emetics. So they stop you 00:49:28.059 --> 00:49:30.199 from vomiting. Right. Okay. So are these things 00:49:30.199 --> 00:49:31.980 that you could, these are prescription based. 00:49:32.059 --> 00:49:37.019 They are. Could you go to a doctor to just get 00:49:37.019 --> 00:49:40.320 them prescribed just in case, or do you need 00:49:40.320 --> 00:49:43.199 to show symptoms? Because it seems like if these 00:49:43.199 --> 00:49:46.179 diseases last for a short amount of time, it 00:49:46.179 --> 00:49:47.840 seems like it would be a good thing just to have 00:49:47.840 --> 00:49:50.920 on hand, you know what I mean, when it does happen. 00:49:51.039 --> 00:49:52.840 Because probably by the time you're seeing a 00:49:52.840 --> 00:49:56.170 physician. Most of the symptoms are gone. That 00:49:56.170 --> 00:49:57.889 would be something you could talk with your physician. 00:49:57.969 --> 00:50:00.750 I don't know about, I don't know what their philosophy 00:50:00.750 --> 00:50:04.750 is on that. So I know that it used to be that 00:50:04.750 --> 00:50:07.449 there was a medication that you could give your 00:50:07.449 --> 00:50:13.449 babies or your kiddos a suppository. But that 00:50:13.449 --> 00:50:16.329 suppository then was, then the medication was 00:50:16.329 --> 00:50:19.670 shown to cause some adverse effects that were 00:50:19.670 --> 00:50:25.260 not desirable. for the pediatrician stopped prescribing 00:50:25.260 --> 00:50:27.139 them. And usually you're usually, you know, you 00:50:27.139 --> 00:50:29.780 think after you vomited a few times, you may 00:50:29.780 --> 00:50:32.079 not be vomiting anymore, but you feel really 00:50:32.079 --> 00:50:34.820 nauseated. And so then the drug can help at least, 00:50:34.820 --> 00:50:38.159 you know, let you get some rest. If it can like 00:50:38.159 --> 00:50:40.539 dampen down those types of. Yeah. I think, I 00:50:40.539 --> 00:50:42.420 think sometimes just getting a break so that 00:50:42.420 --> 00:50:44.340 you don't vomit as frequently. Yeah. Might be 00:50:44.340 --> 00:50:45.659 good. Okay. Yeah. Cause after a while, there's 00:50:45.659 --> 00:50:47.420 just not a whole lot left. So maybe you have 00:50:47.420 --> 00:50:50.000 people talk to their primary care. Like if you're. 00:50:50.639 --> 00:50:52.360 worried about having one of these episodes in 00:50:52.360 --> 00:50:53.880 the future. And if you're about to see your doctor, 00:50:53.980 --> 00:50:56.460 it might be good to bring up like, Hey, could 00:50:56.460 --> 00:50:58.500 I get, they say no, but you know, that's, that's, 00:50:58.500 --> 00:51:00.460 you know, it's again, it's a conversation to 00:51:00.460 --> 00:51:02.719 have. Yeah. It'd be interesting. Yeah. If you're 00:51:02.719 --> 00:51:04.639 a doctor out there listening, maybe write in, 00:51:04.699 --> 00:51:05.940 let us know if you would prescribe something 00:51:05.940 --> 00:51:09.219 like that. Yeah. There's a debate about whether 00:51:09.219 --> 00:51:13.300 or not to give anti -diarrheal medication. The 00:51:13.300 --> 00:51:18.059 ones that are available, diphenoxalate, atropine, 00:51:18.079 --> 00:51:20.699 which is the brain name used to be limodal, and 00:51:20.699 --> 00:51:23.860 then loperamide was imodium. They're not recommended 00:51:23.860 --> 00:51:26.760 for patients over 65 years of age. And you can 00:51:26.760 --> 00:51:29.500 use them in younger patients, but not in kids 00:51:29.500 --> 00:51:31.659 under two. And they're really not preferable 00:51:31.659 --> 00:51:34.730 for kids. Under six years of age as well, too, 00:51:34.929 --> 00:51:37.929 because if you can maintain a hydration status, 00:51:38.150 --> 00:51:41.050 then it may not be necessary to give an antidiarrheal 00:51:41.050 --> 00:51:43.329 because they do have some adverse effects associated 00:51:43.329 --> 00:51:45.710 with them. And so, you know, like you're going 00:51:45.710 --> 00:51:52.070 to transfer one set of symptoms to another. And 00:51:52.070 --> 00:51:53.929 so it's just kind of debatable as to whether 00:51:53.929 --> 00:51:56.250 or not you would take them. That's good to know. 00:51:56.619 --> 00:51:58.659 The thing after you've been ill, you want to 00:51:58.659 --> 00:52:02.260 eat bland, easy to digest foods for maybe several 00:52:02.260 --> 00:52:05.400 days after the symptoms subside. So the first 00:52:05.400 --> 00:52:07.300 thing is really, you know, think about that chicken 00:52:07.300 --> 00:52:09.659 soup, but it's really chicken broth. So and the 00:52:09.659 --> 00:52:11.960 reason that you do chicken broth is because it 00:52:11.960 --> 00:52:15.119 has sodium in it. So you could probably tolerate 00:52:15.119 --> 00:52:18.400 the Campbell's chicken noodle soup. The noodles 00:52:18.400 --> 00:52:20.559 are pretty bland in and of themselves, but it 00:52:20.559 --> 00:52:22.579 has sodium in it and it just helps you feel better. 00:52:22.699 --> 00:52:24.980 Or some saltine crackers, something really bland. 00:52:25.079 --> 00:52:28.920 My mom used to give me toast and hot tea. So 00:52:28.920 --> 00:52:32.519 I hate hot drinks. Probably because of that. 00:52:32.579 --> 00:52:37.199 I'm like, why hot tea? Anyway, so if you do have 00:52:37.199 --> 00:52:41.119 severe dehydration or you just can't stop throwing 00:52:41.119 --> 00:52:44.389 up, you may need... to be seen in an outpatient 00:52:44.389 --> 00:52:47.110 clinic or an emergency department. And if you 00:52:47.110 --> 00:52:51.809 are significantly dehydrated, it may be necessary 00:52:51.809 --> 00:52:55.110 to hospitalize you just to get those fluids and 00:52:55.110 --> 00:52:57.610 electrolytes back in you, especially in people 00:52:57.610 --> 00:53:01.289 that have renal failure or severe abdominal pain, 00:53:01.309 --> 00:53:02.710 or if you're pregnant as well, too, and you get 00:53:02.710 --> 00:53:07.650 one of these nasty bugs. So is there anything 00:53:07.650 --> 00:53:11.820 we can do to prevent this from happening? So 00:53:11.820 --> 00:53:16.679 not every viral gastroenteritis case is preventable, 00:53:16.719 --> 00:53:18.920 but there can be some things that we can do to 00:53:18.920 --> 00:53:22.420 maybe minimize or reduce the opportunity for 00:53:22.420 --> 00:53:28.760 those viruses to catch us. First of all, this 00:53:28.760 --> 00:53:32.639 is so important. Keep your distance from someone 00:53:32.639 --> 00:53:36.159 who's sick or has been sick for at least... two 00:53:36.159 --> 00:53:39.679 days after their symptoms subside because the 00:53:39.679 --> 00:53:43.119 virus is still being shed in their poop. And 00:53:43.119 --> 00:53:45.980 so that means that they are still contagious. 00:53:48.010 --> 00:53:50.530 And it's, you know, it's hard. You feel better. 00:53:50.590 --> 00:53:52.869 And so you want to go out and do stuff and all. 00:53:52.969 --> 00:53:55.849 But it's it's a matter of just for other people's 00:53:55.849 --> 00:53:58.650 sake, stay home. And for your sake, stay away 00:53:58.650 --> 00:54:00.289 from people who have been sick for at least two 00:54:00.289 --> 00:54:02.590 days. Even if they're living in the same house 00:54:02.590 --> 00:54:05.269 as you, maybe just kind of keep distance. Don't 00:54:05.269 --> 00:54:08.190 use the same bathroom. Yeah. You know, so I guess 00:54:08.190 --> 00:54:10.829 if you and if you are sharing the same bathroom, 00:54:11.050 --> 00:54:13.750 then it might be good to move to some of the 00:54:13.750 --> 00:54:15.329 next steps that we're going to be talking about, 00:54:15.369 --> 00:54:18.159 which is talking about good hygiene. Right. So 00:54:18.159 --> 00:54:20.880 you want to wash your hands well. That's one 00:54:20.880 --> 00:54:25.219 of the most effective ways to keep from getting 00:54:25.219 --> 00:54:29.860 infections from other people. Again, we learned 00:54:29.860 --> 00:54:32.960 this during the pandemic. You wash your hands 00:54:32.960 --> 00:54:35.639 with good soapy water for 20 seconds. So you 00:54:35.639 --> 00:54:39.420 sing the happy birthday song twice. Do you mind 00:54:39.420 --> 00:54:42.239 if I give a brief reminder of why soap is effective? 00:54:42.579 --> 00:54:45.889 No, go ahead. Most of the time when we think 00:54:45.889 --> 00:54:50.829 of things like viruses, bacteria, these are things 00:54:50.829 --> 00:54:55.409 that have an envelope or a barrier that protects 00:54:55.409 --> 00:54:59.289 the inside of the cell or the virus, which usually 00:54:59.289 --> 00:55:01.750 in the virus's case contains their genetic material, 00:55:01.949 --> 00:55:04.449 whether it's a DNA or RNA virus. The norovirus 00:55:04.449 --> 00:55:09.239 is an RNA virus. And things like bacteria have 00:55:09.239 --> 00:55:11.099 a lot of other stuff inside of them. You know, 00:55:11.119 --> 00:55:13.380 things like their genetic material, but also 00:55:13.380 --> 00:55:16.139 enzymes for them to replicate themselves. Now, 00:55:16.199 --> 00:55:20.360 their barrier, just like the human cells, is 00:55:20.360 --> 00:55:24.380 composed usually of a fatty, we call it a phospholipid 00:55:24.380 --> 00:55:27.139 bilayer. That's specifically in human cells. 00:55:27.280 --> 00:55:29.440 But most of the time in other cells as well, 00:55:29.480 --> 00:55:31.579 it's usually composed of things that are fatty. 00:55:31.980 --> 00:55:36.179 So a soap, which we call a detergent, also has 00:55:36.179 --> 00:55:38.460 a fatty layer to it and if you've learned from 00:55:38.460 --> 00:55:40.659 anything of trying to mix oil with water you 00:55:40.659 --> 00:55:42.980 kind of know this that oil and water don't mix 00:55:42.980 --> 00:55:47.159 because water is usually uh basically it just 00:55:47.159 --> 00:55:51.320 depends on um essentially it has to just kind 00:55:51.320 --> 00:55:53.500 of do with electrical attraction and so essentially 00:55:53.500 --> 00:55:57.079 oil is usually attracted to other similar fatty 00:55:57.079 --> 00:55:59.280 -like substances. Water's attracted to more kind 00:55:59.280 --> 00:56:01.800 of water -like substances, and so they don't 00:56:01.800 --> 00:56:05.280 mix. But fat loves to mix with other fats. And 00:56:05.280 --> 00:56:08.579 so when you mix soap with some of these layers, 00:56:08.659 --> 00:56:11.469 it actually like rips. the membranes apart. It 00:56:11.469 --> 00:56:14.170 actually tears these viral particles and these 00:56:14.170 --> 00:56:17.869 bacterial particles apart, exposing their insides 00:56:17.869 --> 00:56:19.989 so that they're no longer organized, quote unquote, 00:56:20.170 --> 00:56:21.750 and they can't do the things that they want to 00:56:21.750 --> 00:56:24.409 do, which is replicate a lot inside of your body 00:56:24.409 --> 00:56:27.530 using your food sources. So that is the reason 00:56:27.530 --> 00:56:29.869 we use soap. And it's also the reason why we 00:56:29.869 --> 00:56:32.210 use detergent and laundry, because most of the 00:56:32.210 --> 00:56:33.869 substances that get in your clothes are usually 00:56:33.869 --> 00:56:36.699 fat. soluble and we want to get them out of your 00:56:36.699 --> 00:56:40.119 fibers as well. So just a fun little reason of 00:56:40.119 --> 00:56:42.059 why we use soap and why it's such an amazing 00:56:42.059 --> 00:56:45.440 molecule so that it can keep us clean and keep 00:56:45.440 --> 00:56:48.460 our clothes nice and fresh. So continue on with 00:56:48.460 --> 00:56:51.860 good hand washing, which is very important. Yes. 00:56:52.400 --> 00:56:57.130 So also you want to clean surfaces. In schools, 00:56:57.150 --> 00:57:00.170 daycares, nursing homes, hospitals, where people 00:57:00.170 --> 00:57:03.030 that use the same facilities every day, you want 00:57:03.030 --> 00:57:05.829 to clean with disinfectants to help remove the 00:57:05.829 --> 00:57:08.309 germs that can linger on common surfaces. And 00:57:08.309 --> 00:57:10.949 I know I've got this later on, but let us say 00:57:10.949 --> 00:57:15.349 this now. Norovirus, it needs to be cleaned with 00:57:15.349 --> 00:57:20.539 a soap, not... hand sanitizers. For some reason, 00:57:20.619 --> 00:57:24.480 the alcohol that's in the hand sanitizer does 00:57:24.480 --> 00:57:28.760 not kill the norovirus. It has to be soap. However 00:57:28.760 --> 00:57:32.159 the virus is built, it doesn't respond as well 00:57:32.159 --> 00:57:34.679 to soap as it does to cleaning and bleach. Yeah, 00:57:34.800 --> 00:57:36.619 it just doesn't attach to the proteins on the 00:57:36.619 --> 00:57:40.179 outside of the viral envelope. But soap and bleach 00:57:40.179 --> 00:57:43.909 do. Yes. They're also from the EPA. There are 00:57:43.909 --> 00:57:46.590 also certain cleaners that specifically have 00:57:46.590 --> 00:57:49.090 the label norovirus on them. So if you can go 00:57:49.090 --> 00:57:52.010 to the EPA's website or if you're shopping at 00:57:52.010 --> 00:57:54.690 your local convenience store or grocery store 00:57:54.690 --> 00:57:58.349 that has cleaners, if it specifically says norovirus 00:57:58.349 --> 00:58:01.309 on there, then that means that it's been approved 00:58:01.309 --> 00:58:05.489 by the EPA to disinfect against norovirus, which 00:58:05.489 --> 00:58:09.199 as Dr. Seltzer said. uh caused about 50 of the 00:58:09.199 --> 00:58:12.019 gastroenteritis cases uh in in the united states 00:58:12.019 --> 00:58:14.219 yeah and epa is your environmental protection 00:58:14.219 --> 00:58:18.980 agency yes um So we've talked about kind of surfaces 00:58:18.980 --> 00:58:21.380 in our hands. What about safe food handling? 00:58:21.739 --> 00:58:24.539 Food can become contaminated at any stage of 00:58:24.539 --> 00:58:27.300 production from harvesting and storage to cooking 00:58:27.300 --> 00:58:29.659 and preparation. So we want to wash our hands 00:58:29.659 --> 00:58:33.539 before and after handling food. And we want to 00:58:33.539 --> 00:58:36.480 wash, refrigerate, freeze, cook, and serve food 00:58:36.480 --> 00:58:38.900 according to food safety guidelines. Yeah. And 00:58:38.900 --> 00:58:40.360 I'd like to talk about those guidelines real 00:58:40.360 --> 00:58:42.559 quick. So there's a lot of steps along the way. 00:58:42.599 --> 00:58:44.500 So, and we're going to basically, we're not going 00:58:44.500 --> 00:58:46.300 to start at the factory production because that's 00:58:46.300 --> 00:58:48.099 out of our control. We're going to work on things 00:58:48.099 --> 00:58:51.280 that are within our control. So when you are 00:58:51.280 --> 00:58:54.739 handling things like fruits and vegetables, just 00:58:54.739 --> 00:58:58.119 because there can be things on the outside of 00:58:58.119 --> 00:59:00.480 the fruits and vegetables that just didn't get 00:59:00.480 --> 00:59:02.769 cleaned. as properly as they should. So what 00:59:02.769 --> 00:59:04.789 is a good thing to do is just to wash with soap 00:59:04.789 --> 00:59:08.309 and water before you prepare and handle them, 00:59:08.369 --> 00:59:09.789 especially if you're going to eat them raw and 00:59:09.789 --> 00:59:11.530 you're not going to cook them. Now, let's say 00:59:11.530 --> 00:59:12.969 you're going to move on to cooking. Let's say 00:59:12.969 --> 00:59:15.269 you're cooking. Let's say you're going to move 00:59:15.269 --> 00:59:18.329 on to cooking meats, things like fish, poultry, 00:59:18.510 --> 00:59:21.300 ground meat. There are actually specific temperatures 00:59:21.300 --> 00:59:24.000 associated with the internal temperature of what 00:59:24.000 --> 00:59:25.880 needs to be reached for the inside for it to 00:59:25.880 --> 00:59:28.400 be safe. Because remember earlier we said that 00:59:28.400 --> 00:59:30.639 bacteria especially, they love to live in that 00:59:30.639 --> 00:59:33.739 range of 40 degrees Fahrenheit to 140 degrees 00:59:33.739 --> 00:59:36.659 Fahrenheit. So most things need to be cooked 00:59:36.659 --> 00:59:40.030 above 140 degrees Fahrenheit. In order to be 00:59:40.030 --> 00:59:42.409 deemed safe because you've essentially provided 00:59:42.409 --> 00:59:46.150 a heat that kills the bacteria. And different 00:59:46.150 --> 00:59:49.530 forms of protein have different amounts. Poultry 00:59:49.530 --> 00:59:55.349 is 165 degrees. Ground meat is 160. Whole cuts 00:59:55.349 --> 00:59:57.750 of meat like a tenderloin or a ribeye needs to 00:59:57.750 --> 01:00:01.869 reach about 145. And fish is about 145. Did you 01:00:01.869 --> 01:00:05.000 by chance see what the temperature... temperature 01:00:05.000 --> 01:00:08.659 is for eggs oh that's a good question um i didn't 01:00:08.659 --> 01:00:10.239 see that i imagine because i've known people 01:00:10.239 --> 01:00:12.420 to get sick from eating like what is it called 01:00:12.420 --> 01:00:14.920 when you put an egg on a sandwich that's some 01:00:14.920 --> 01:00:17.019 name or what is it dirty or something anyway 01:00:17.019 --> 01:00:18.519 but you know oh you're trying to be like over 01:00:18.519 --> 01:00:21.239 easy or like no they'll add it to like hamburgers 01:00:21.239 --> 01:00:23.460 and stuff like that so yeah i mean and you've 01:00:23.460 --> 01:00:26.000 got to make sure that not a raw egg yeah well 01:00:26.000 --> 01:00:28.219 no but even if you cook if you you think about 01:00:28.219 --> 01:00:30.420 sunny side up eggs are not cooked all the way 01:00:30.420 --> 01:00:32.119 through yeah the yolk's not cooked yeah that's 01:00:32.119 --> 01:00:36.639 a good question yeah we will We will put an addendum 01:00:36.639 --> 01:00:38.559 to this, or maybe I make a comment on one of 01:00:38.559 --> 01:00:41.360 our Instagram posts about that. But if somebody, 01:00:41.539 --> 01:00:43.940 this could be research, homework that you could 01:00:43.940 --> 01:00:46.320 do at home, your mom at drugs, look up the internal 01:00:46.320 --> 01:00:48.639 cook temperature of an egg. I've never even thought 01:00:48.639 --> 01:00:50.519 about putting a thermometer in an egg. I know, 01:00:50.519 --> 01:00:52.059 I haven't either, but I'm like thinking, yeah, 01:00:52.139 --> 01:00:54.559 because I cook. my husband's eggs all the way 01:00:54.559 --> 01:00:57.940 through. Right. And so maybe people look that 01:00:57.940 --> 01:01:00.219 up if there's any risk for sunny side up eggs, 01:01:00.360 --> 01:01:02.519 because maybe there's not, I don't know off the 01:01:02.519 --> 01:01:04.699 top of my head, but this is all the proteins. 01:01:05.320 --> 01:01:09.019 So after you're done cooking, let's say you have 01:01:09.019 --> 01:01:10.920 some leftovers and you're going to store them 01:01:10.920 --> 01:01:15.679 in your refrigerator. Okay. So there are best 01:01:15.679 --> 01:01:17.960 practices, essentially, if anything that has 01:01:17.960 --> 01:01:20.710 been cooked. You essentially want to cool immediately. 01:01:20.809 --> 01:01:22.469 There's kind of this myth out there that you 01:01:22.469 --> 01:01:25.289 need to let it sit on the counter until it goes 01:01:25.289 --> 01:01:26.869 in the refrigerator, which to me doesn't make 01:01:26.869 --> 01:01:28.570 sense because the refrigerator is going to cool 01:01:28.570 --> 01:01:31.690 it anyway. But the more time that that food sits 01:01:31.690 --> 01:01:34.030 at quote unquote room temperature, in between 01:01:34.030 --> 01:01:37.570 40 to 140 degrees, you're giving any bacteria 01:01:37.570 --> 01:01:40.929 or virus a chance to grow and replicate itself. 01:01:41.190 --> 01:01:43.869 Viruses can't replicate, but bacteria can. And 01:01:43.869 --> 01:01:46.510 so you really want to get it inside of the fridge. 01:01:47.039 --> 01:01:49.460 preferably less than 40 degrees as possible. 01:01:49.559 --> 01:01:51.420 It's not going to kill the bacteria, but it's 01:01:51.420 --> 01:01:53.460 going to basically stop its growth because bacteria 01:01:53.460 --> 01:01:56.099 needs energy to grow. And even better if you 01:01:56.099 --> 01:01:58.000 can freeze it, because if you can freeze it, 01:01:58.039 --> 01:02:01.059 you can essentially store food almost indefinitely 01:02:01.059 --> 01:02:03.400 because you've essentially stopped that bacterial 01:02:03.400 --> 01:02:06.760 and fungal growth. Good rule of thumb is that 01:02:06.760 --> 01:02:08.960 if you cooked anything, especially, you know, 01:02:08.960 --> 01:02:13.219 produce or vegetables or meats, leave it for 01:02:13.219 --> 01:02:15.480 three to four days. And after that fourth day, 01:02:16.079 --> 01:02:18.360 No matter what temperature you've kept it at, 01:02:18.440 --> 01:02:21.440 it's just a good idea to pitch it. Just because 01:02:21.440 --> 01:02:24.420 you essentially are increasing that risk of some 01:02:24.420 --> 01:02:26.760 type of bacteria or fungus to have grown inside 01:02:26.760 --> 01:02:30.119 of there. And that can basically cause one of 01:02:30.119 --> 01:02:34.099 these foodborne illnesses. Another thing too 01:02:34.099 --> 01:02:36.400 is like if you're, this is a great one that I 01:02:36.400 --> 01:02:38.719 think people should be aware of. There are these 01:02:38.719 --> 01:02:40.980 things that we see in grocery stores all the 01:02:40.980 --> 01:02:43.840 time called expiration dates or best by dates 01:02:43.840 --> 01:02:48.099 or use by dates. These are all related to, this 01:02:48.099 --> 01:02:50.059 is a common myth that's out there. I've even 01:02:50.059 --> 01:02:52.539 told my mom this many times. This is all about 01:02:52.539 --> 01:02:56.420 food quality, not food safety. So if you see 01:02:56.420 --> 01:03:00.900 a best by date, that is the date in which the 01:03:00.900 --> 01:03:04.420 manufacturer or grocery store can sell to guarantee 01:03:04.420 --> 01:03:08.599 that that food maintains its food quality. Because 01:03:08.599 --> 01:03:11.059 very much like a drug or pharmaceuticals expiration 01:03:11.059 --> 01:03:13.630 date. They have things called half -lives, meaning 01:03:13.630 --> 01:03:15.510 that the molecules in there will just lose their 01:03:15.510 --> 01:03:19.409 quality and you'll lose things like taste, texture, 01:03:19.690 --> 01:03:22.190 and especially things like cereals. You'll get 01:03:22.190 --> 01:03:24.289 staleness. You won't get the freshness. But it 01:03:24.289 --> 01:03:27.730 has nothing to do with food quality because bacteria 01:03:27.730 --> 01:03:30.210 and fungus will infect those things at different 01:03:30.210 --> 01:03:31.869 rates. So you could get a bacteria, enter it 01:03:31.869 --> 01:03:37.110 on day one or on day 20. But once you open that 01:03:37.110 --> 01:03:39.809 container, and it's usually things like dairy. 01:03:40.349 --> 01:03:43.789 or eggs or hummus or like any type of dip that 01:03:43.789 --> 01:03:45.909 essentially has like a biological organism, like 01:03:45.909 --> 01:03:48.989 a chickpea or an egg or cottage cheese. Yeah. 01:03:49.150 --> 01:03:51.530 Yeah. Once you've opened that, you have basically 01:03:51.530 --> 01:03:54.889 said, hello world, I'm going to expose you to 01:03:54.889 --> 01:03:57.349 all the microbes that are flying around. And 01:03:57.349 --> 01:03:59.650 you've then increased the risk of that thing 01:03:59.650 --> 01:04:02.409 becoming contaminated. So that once you open 01:04:02.409 --> 01:04:04.829 that like plastic thing that holds the cottage 01:04:04.829 --> 01:04:07.550 cheese or the plastic tab that's associated with 01:04:07.550 --> 01:04:10.349 your milk. you've started a three to four day 01:04:10.349 --> 01:04:13.989 period in which that could be affected. Now it's 01:04:13.989 --> 01:04:16.130 your life. You can expose yourself to as much 01:04:16.130 --> 01:04:18.630 risk as you want. But a general rule of thumb 01:04:18.630 --> 01:04:22.489 is like any of those like biologics will essentially 01:04:22.489 --> 01:04:24.730 be contaminated. But if you have a can of peas 01:04:24.730 --> 01:04:30.550 that says best by June 29th of 2026 and you don't 01:04:30.550 --> 01:04:33.550 open it, it's fine. You can keep that thing. 01:04:33.980 --> 01:04:36.380 for months after that in terms of food quality. 01:04:36.519 --> 01:04:39.019 It is really when you open it, that's when the 01:04:39.019 --> 01:04:41.440 risk starts. So I really want people to kind 01:04:41.440 --> 01:04:43.079 of get used to this idea just because you see 01:04:43.079 --> 01:04:45.840 an expiration date or a due by date, especially 01:04:45.840 --> 01:04:48.400 if it's not something like milk or cheese. it's 01:04:48.400 --> 01:04:50.579 just like a cereal. It'll just become stale. 01:04:50.599 --> 01:04:52.320 It's not going to harm you, but it's not going 01:04:52.320 --> 01:04:54.300 to taste very good. So you can throw it out for 01:04:54.300 --> 01:04:57.219 taste reasons, like a bowl of cornflakes or something 01:04:57.219 --> 01:04:59.639 like that. But for things like milk and other 01:04:59.639 --> 01:05:02.179 biologics, that's when you introduce foodborne 01:05:02.179 --> 01:05:04.440 illness risks. So just kind of want to put that 01:05:04.440 --> 01:05:06.719 out there as a delineation or a differentiation 01:05:06.719 --> 01:05:10.739 between things of like food safety versus food 01:05:10.739 --> 01:05:13.860 quality, which usually we only deal with food 01:05:13.860 --> 01:05:15.760 quality when we have expiration dates or due 01:05:15.760 --> 01:05:19.090 by dates. Food expiration, usually it's either 01:05:19.090 --> 01:05:21.909 a smell test or just kind of the three to four 01:05:21.909 --> 01:05:26.530 day rule. So that's my soliloquy on food safety 01:05:26.530 --> 01:05:30.289 and food quality and how to mitigate the risk 01:05:30.289 --> 01:05:33.369 against foodborne illness. Okay. So one other 01:05:33.369 --> 01:05:35.889 thing we want to say about as far as safe practices 01:05:35.889 --> 01:05:39.309 would be when you travel. It's especially easy 01:05:39.309 --> 01:05:41.869 to get food poisoning if you travel abroad because, 01:05:41.969 --> 01:05:44.289 and this is primarily called traveler's diarrhea 01:05:44.289 --> 01:05:48.690 because it's different. different areas of our 01:05:48.690 --> 01:05:53.809 world have different dietary plans, experiences 01:05:53.809 --> 01:05:56.530 that our bodies might not be used to. So you 01:05:56.530 --> 01:06:00.909 want to just be careful when you travel. It's 01:06:00.909 --> 01:06:05.489 best to stick with cooked, peeled, or packaged 01:06:05.489 --> 01:06:08.409 foods and to use bottled water. And interestingly, 01:06:08.550 --> 01:06:11.190 as Josh talked about fruits, when you have a 01:06:11.190 --> 01:06:14.639 fruit that gets... peeled rather than when you 01:06:14.639 --> 01:06:16.920 just can just cut it up, they are going to be 01:06:16.920 --> 01:06:20.539 safer like bananas or oranges where you peel 01:06:20.539 --> 01:06:24.119 off the outside. So those are going to be safer 01:06:24.119 --> 01:06:26.719 to eat in other countries or even here, you know, 01:06:26.719 --> 01:06:29.960 than things like an apple. That makes a lot of 01:06:29.960 --> 01:06:33.219 sense. I was actually in Norway in 2025 in the 01:06:33.219 --> 01:06:37.039 summer and I bought some fruit from a grocery 01:06:37.039 --> 01:06:39.590 store. Delicious. Didn't wash it before I ate 01:06:39.590 --> 01:06:41.250 it because I was a fool and I didn't do this 01:06:41.250 --> 01:06:45.309 podcast yet. And I got sick and I got a very 01:06:45.309 --> 01:06:48.949 mild form of traveler's diarrhea. And my travel 01:06:48.949 --> 01:06:50.869 companion who was with me at the time was not 01:06:50.869 --> 01:06:54.269 content with sharing a room with me. So it's 01:06:54.269 --> 01:06:57.250 one of those things where, yes, even in another 01:06:57.250 --> 01:07:01.309 place, even in a place like Norway, you're used 01:07:01.309 --> 01:07:04.610 to bacteria and cultures in the United States 01:07:04.610 --> 01:07:07.730 and even a completely different water source. 01:07:08.250 --> 01:07:10.449 Can be treated differently. Going to Mexico because 01:07:10.449 --> 01:07:12.730 we're in Texas. So we live very close to Mexico. 01:07:13.650 --> 01:07:16.590 Bottle water is just the way to go because we 01:07:16.590 --> 01:07:18.429 can't tolerate the water down there. That's correct. 01:07:18.630 --> 01:07:21.619 And even in other places. Even in other places 01:07:21.619 --> 01:07:23.900 in the United States, like if you're backpacking 01:07:23.900 --> 01:07:25.980 or camping and you get water from a river, which 01:07:25.980 --> 01:07:28.840 I frequently did, there are ways to treat that 01:07:28.840 --> 01:07:31.780 as you camp, but you can definitely pick up a 01:07:31.780 --> 01:07:33.619 pathogen there. You know, there's just a lot 01:07:33.619 --> 01:07:35.260 of critters out there and they're always trying 01:07:35.260 --> 01:07:37.460 to live off of you. They're trying to live. We're 01:07:37.460 --> 01:07:39.260 trying to live. We're all trying to live. There 01:07:39.260 --> 01:07:42.579 you go. So interestingly, you might say, well, 01:07:42.880 --> 01:07:46.179 is there a norovirus vaccine? Interestingly, 01:07:46.380 --> 01:07:49.929 so I was like thinking. Never heard of one, but 01:07:49.929 --> 01:07:53.769 as I was investigating for this talk, sure enough, 01:07:54.010 --> 01:07:56.449 they're not commercially available yet, but there 01:07:56.449 --> 01:07:59.269 are trials in progress to try to find an effective 01:07:59.269 --> 01:08:02.849 vaccine for norovirus. Remember, norovirus is 01:08:02.849 --> 01:08:06.289 kind of like the flu virus in that it changes 01:08:06.289 --> 01:08:10.489 all the time. So that makes it harder to create 01:08:10.489 --> 01:08:14.309 a... vaccine for that particular virus, but we've 01:08:14.309 --> 01:08:16.869 figured out how to do that with the flu and that 01:08:16.869 --> 01:08:19.329 they modify it every year. So our flu vaccines 01:08:19.329 --> 01:08:22.210 every year are not the same. And so I think that 01:08:22.210 --> 01:08:26.670 they're looking at this from the norovirus vaccine 01:08:26.670 --> 01:08:30.489 and at least investigating, is there a way that 01:08:30.489 --> 01:08:32.630 we can create a vaccine that would be effective? 01:08:32.930 --> 01:08:37.409 So, you know, stay tuned. More to say about that 01:08:37.409 --> 01:08:41.170 particular topic. Okay, we covered that already. 01:08:41.369 --> 01:08:45.069 Okay, so we always like to talk about common 01:08:45.069 --> 01:08:49.149 myths and untruths associated with whatever topic 01:08:49.149 --> 01:08:53.029 that we're discussing in our Your Mom on Drugs 01:08:53.029 --> 01:08:59.010 podcast. So here is our common myths and untruths 01:08:59.010 --> 01:09:01.630 associated with gastroenteritis and food poisoning 01:09:01.630 --> 01:09:05.810 or foodborne illness. Number one. We've talked 01:09:05.810 --> 01:09:08.069 about this. The stomach flu is the same thing 01:09:08.069 --> 01:09:11.689 as influenza. This is definitely false. The influenza 01:09:11.689 --> 01:09:15.670 virus targets the respiratory tract primarily, 01:09:15.689 --> 01:09:18.970 not the gastrointestinal tract. And so although 01:09:18.970 --> 01:09:21.989 we call gastroenteritis the stomach flu, it's 01:09:21.989 --> 01:09:26.710 not a true flu. Second one, it's just a virus. 01:09:26.850 --> 01:09:30.779 Well, if you have it. It feels like more than 01:09:30.779 --> 01:09:33.739 a virus to you. So and also to remember, it's 01:09:33.739 --> 01:09:35.960 got some consequences. I mean, dehydration is 01:09:35.960 --> 01:09:39.180 very real. And so you want to make sure that 01:09:39.180 --> 01:09:44.430 that. You keep a handle on either yourself or 01:09:44.430 --> 01:09:46.770 your kiddo if you get a gastroenteritis because 01:09:46.770 --> 01:09:49.310 it's not benign. I mean, it does make you feel 01:09:49.310 --> 01:09:53.689 pretty sick for several days. So again, remember, 01:09:53.750 --> 01:09:56.590 dehydration can cause a lot of adverse consequences 01:09:56.590 --> 01:10:00.430 to it. So we want to stay on top of our cells 01:10:00.430 --> 01:10:02.970 or our kiddos if they get a gastroenteritis. 01:10:04.229 --> 01:10:08.470 Here's number three. Most gastroenteritis is 01:10:08.470 --> 01:10:12.149 probably food poisoning. False. The majority 01:10:12.149 --> 01:10:14.409 of vomiting and diarrhea in children is viral 01:10:14.409 --> 01:10:17.689 gastroenteritis. Bacterial infections are more 01:10:17.689 --> 01:10:20.149 likely if the child has been to an area with 01:10:20.149 --> 01:10:22.489 an endemic infection. That means an infection 01:10:22.489 --> 01:10:25.600 that's common to that particular area. And if 01:10:25.600 --> 01:10:27.640 you've got a history of consuming foods that 01:10:27.640 --> 01:10:29.960 are likely to have been contaminated, that's 01:10:29.960 --> 01:10:32.760 also important to know, you know, when you get 01:10:32.760 --> 01:10:35.060 symptoms, was it due to the food or was it due 01:10:35.060 --> 01:10:38.319 to just a virus that was just a random virus? 01:10:38.600 --> 01:10:41.779 A sudden onset of vomiting does not imply food 01:10:41.779 --> 01:10:44.560 poisoning. Norovirus, for example, is typically 01:10:44.560 --> 01:10:47.819 causes sudden and severe symptoms. So you can't 01:10:47.819 --> 01:10:51.500 always say that gastroenteritis is probably food 01:10:51.500 --> 01:10:55.739 poisoning. Number four. Pregnant women are in 01:10:55.739 --> 01:11:00.340 danger if they contract norovirus. False. Research 01:11:00.340 --> 01:11:03.260 has shown that there is no unique harm of a norovirus 01:11:03.260 --> 01:11:06.899 during pregnancy. If you do get vomiting and 01:11:06.899 --> 01:11:11.340 diarrhea, that leads to dehydration and electrolyte 01:11:11.340 --> 01:11:13.340 imbalances in pregnancy. You just want to talk 01:11:13.340 --> 01:11:15.060 with your healthcare provider to make sure that 01:11:15.060 --> 01:11:19.470 you get adequate fluid replacement. They should 01:11:19.470 --> 01:11:22.409 stay well hydrated and rest up. And then if you 01:11:22.409 --> 01:11:24.750 get a high fever or you start having contractions 01:11:24.750 --> 01:11:26.449 or you can't keep fluids down, then you've got 01:11:26.449 --> 01:11:30.350 to go to the emergency room immediately. There 01:11:30.350 --> 01:11:32.729 are medicines that will kill norovirus. That, 01:11:32.789 --> 01:11:35.710 unfortunately, is false. There's no effective 01:11:35.710 --> 01:11:39.069 antivirus medication for norovirus. Although 01:11:39.069 --> 01:11:43.510 it's an unpleasant virus. Typically, the good 01:11:43.510 --> 01:11:45.970 news is that the symptoms disappear within one 01:11:45.970 --> 01:11:48.630 to three days. Again, like we keep reiterating, 01:11:48.670 --> 01:11:51.109 the biggest danger is dehydration. So you want 01:11:51.109 --> 01:11:53.609 to make sure that you drink as much fluid as 01:11:53.609 --> 01:11:56.310 possible and rest as much as possible when you 01:11:56.310 --> 01:12:03.329 have one of these viruses. Number six. I should 01:12:03.329 --> 01:12:04.649 have numbered these instead of letter these. 01:12:04.850 --> 01:12:07.649 It was just a 24 -hour flu bug or the stomach 01:12:07.649 --> 01:12:11.189 flu. I've never had a foodborne illness. False. 01:12:11.630 --> 01:12:14.229 Food -borne illness is frequently mistaken for 01:12:14.229 --> 01:12:16.789 the stomach flu. Many symptoms are similar. And 01:12:16.789 --> 01:12:19.430 depending on the bacteria or the virus that cause 01:12:19.430 --> 01:12:22.670 the illness, the symptoms could be very similar. 01:12:22.810 --> 01:12:25.470 So you want to look at your circumstances that 01:12:25.470 --> 01:12:28.409 are surrounding your illness and maybe talk to 01:12:28.409 --> 01:12:30.670 your health care provider to figure out maybe 01:12:30.670 --> 01:12:33.449 or discern exactly what the root cause is for 01:12:33.449 --> 01:12:35.170 your particular illness. But you can't always 01:12:35.170 --> 01:12:39.430 rule out a stomach, a food -borne illness. The 01:12:39.430 --> 01:12:42.449 next one. I just ate at a restaurant 45 minutes 01:12:42.449 --> 01:12:44.750 ago and I'm already sick. I know that restaurant 01:12:44.750 --> 01:12:47.930 gave me a foodborne illness. Most likely false. 01:12:48.390 --> 01:12:51.090 People think that often that when they get sick, 01:12:51.109 --> 01:12:53.250 it's due to the most recent food they ate. Remember, 01:12:53.430 --> 01:12:55.369 it's rarely caused by the food that you just 01:12:55.369 --> 01:12:57.689 ate. It usually takes several hours. If you've 01:12:57.689 --> 01:12:59.630 got a foodborne illness, remember we talked about 01:12:59.630 --> 01:13:03.470 two to six. And if it's a norovirus gastroenteritis, 01:13:03.609 --> 01:13:07.930 it's going to take maybe 12 to 48 to 60 hours 01:13:07.930 --> 01:13:12.090 to start showing symptoms. So some bacteria, 01:13:12.189 --> 01:13:14.250 if you think it's a bacteria that caused it, 01:13:14.289 --> 01:13:16.989 it usually takes about six to 48 hours before 01:13:16.989 --> 01:13:19.819 you start seeing symptoms. And sometimes bacteria 01:13:19.819 --> 01:13:22.739 can take, like Joshua alluded to earlier, it 01:13:22.739 --> 01:13:25.079 can take up to two weeks before you start seeing 01:13:25.079 --> 01:13:28.039 symptoms. Sometimes it's very difficult to tell 01:13:28.039 --> 01:13:33.979 you which food made you sick. And so because 01:13:33.979 --> 01:13:37.359 stomach flu symptoms are similar to food -borne 01:13:37.359 --> 01:13:40.600 illness symptoms, remember, it can take one to 01:13:40.600 --> 01:13:42.800 four days from exposure to the start of stomach 01:13:42.800 --> 01:13:45.840 flu symptoms. And remember, food -borne illness 01:13:45.840 --> 01:13:49.899 may be a little bit quicker. Here's the next 01:13:49.899 --> 01:13:52.640 one. You can tell a food will make you sick by 01:13:52.640 --> 01:13:57.399 its smell, look and taste. False. Now, my son, 01:13:57.520 --> 01:13:59.520 Josh, always wants to tell me it's all about 01:13:59.520 --> 01:14:02.060 and you just smell your food or look at your 01:14:02.060 --> 01:14:03.420 food and you can tell whether or not it's bad 01:14:03.420 --> 01:14:05.920 or not. Well, that's not always the case. You 01:14:05.920 --> 01:14:08.960 can't rely on your senses to tell when a food 01:14:08.960 --> 01:14:13.260 is no longer safe to eat because E. coli, Escherichia 01:14:13.260 --> 01:14:16.560 coli and salmonella. don't affect the way the 01:14:16.560 --> 01:14:18.920 food looks, tastes, or smells. Okay, so I'm not 01:14:18.920 --> 01:14:23.619 always right. So you want to make sure that for 01:14:23.619 --> 01:14:26.359 sure if a food smells or looks bad, don't eat 01:14:26.359 --> 01:14:29.460 it. But again, if you haven't been following 01:14:29.460 --> 01:14:31.640 those food safety practices that Joshua talked 01:14:31.640 --> 01:14:34.260 about, the rule of thumb is you want to make 01:14:34.260 --> 01:14:36.199 sure something gets into the food within two 01:14:36.199 --> 01:14:39.359 hours of cooking it and shorter if possible, 01:14:39.520 --> 01:14:42.840 then I would just toss it instead of taking the 01:14:42.840 --> 01:14:45.720 risk of getting sick. Yeah. That's well said. 01:14:45.840 --> 01:14:49.079 Um, yeah. Cause I, as mom alluded to earlier, 01:14:49.300 --> 01:14:51.020 we, in our family, we love eating cookie dough 01:14:51.020 --> 01:14:53.819 and it probably does benefit that we make it, 01:14:53.840 --> 01:14:56.119 then we eat it and then we bake it. So hopefully 01:14:56.119 --> 01:14:59.739 there's a short amount of time. So the salmonella 01:14:59.739 --> 01:15:01.579 and like mom said, it always smells delicious, 01:15:01.619 --> 01:15:04.260 but there's, I think because there's eggs in 01:15:04.260 --> 01:15:06.380 there and there could be some of the salmonella 01:15:06.380 --> 01:15:09.750 inside of the eggs. So, okay. Yeah. And then 01:15:09.750 --> 01:15:11.470 the last one, we've kind of alluded to this already. 01:15:11.689 --> 01:15:16.050 Alcohol -based sanitizers do not help prevent 01:15:16.050 --> 01:15:19.829 norovirus. Despite the fact that alcohol -based 01:15:19.829 --> 01:15:22.930 sanitizers help control pathogen transmission, 01:15:23.050 --> 01:15:25.689 and they do things with other things like the 01:15:25.689 --> 01:15:29.029 COVID virus and flu, but for norovirus, they 01:15:29.029 --> 01:15:31.890 don't. They are ineffective because you've got 01:15:31.890 --> 01:15:34.510 to have antibacterial soap and water or bleach 01:15:34.510 --> 01:15:37.510 to treat that particular virus like we've alluded 01:15:37.510 --> 01:15:42.159 to earlier. So to wrap up our talk today about 01:15:42.159 --> 01:15:46.199 gastroenteritis, foodborne illness, and the aftermath, 01:15:46.539 --> 01:15:48.939 we first of all want to say that infectious, 01:15:49.060 --> 01:15:53.560 primarily viral gastroenteritis, is common in 01:15:53.560 --> 01:15:56.100 all age groups, and it's usually self -limiting. 01:15:56.500 --> 01:15:59.579 And foodborne illness can sometimes be confused 01:15:59.579 --> 01:16:02.600 with viral gastroenteritis or infectious gastroenteritis, 01:16:02.779 --> 01:16:05.279 and it's easy to see why because the symptoms 01:16:05.279 --> 01:16:09.060 are very similar. Both infectious gastroenteritis 01:16:09.060 --> 01:16:11.680 and foodborne illness are contagious. So don't 01:16:11.680 --> 01:16:14.119 just think that viral gastroenteritis alone is 01:16:14.119 --> 01:16:16.340 contagious, but foodborne illness is not because 01:16:16.340 --> 01:16:18.779 foodborne illness can be caused by those same 01:16:18.779 --> 01:16:22.079 viruses and bacteria that are causing viral and 01:16:22.079 --> 01:16:25.340 infectious gastroenteritis. We've talked about 01:16:25.340 --> 01:16:27.779 the common symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, 01:16:27.880 --> 01:16:30.920 and diarrhea, and dehydration is one of the most 01:16:30.920 --> 01:16:33.300 notable complications associated with the illness. 01:16:33.460 --> 01:16:35.880 And so we want to make sure that when we treat 01:16:35.880 --> 01:16:39.090 this illness, It includes rest, but also we want 01:16:39.090 --> 01:16:42.470 to get oral replenishment or fluid replenishment 01:16:42.470 --> 01:16:45.750 in whatever way we need to be able to get fluids 01:16:45.750 --> 01:16:49.850 as well as electrolytes to help combat the consequences 01:16:49.850 --> 01:16:53.590 of this illness. And preventive measures include 01:16:53.590 --> 01:16:56.689 avoiding those who are ill, good hand washing, 01:16:56.789 --> 01:16:59.510 good cleansing, and safe food handling. Yeah, 01:16:59.529 --> 01:17:01.750 I think those four of just like, yeah, avoid 01:17:01.750 --> 01:17:05.229 people who are sick, good hand washing and food 01:17:05.229 --> 01:17:10.090 washing. safe food storage and preparation and 01:17:10.090 --> 01:17:13.489 then cleaning and then safe traveling. You know, 01:17:13.510 --> 01:17:16.270 those are probably the best ways that you can 01:17:16.270 --> 01:17:19.390 mitigate your risk against some of these pathogens. 01:17:19.930 --> 01:17:22.350 And then when it does happen, you know, rest 01:17:22.350 --> 01:17:25.789 and hydrate. And if you can get things like Pedialyte 01:17:25.789 --> 01:17:27.590 and then maybe ask your physician about some 01:17:27.590 --> 01:17:31.850 of those anti -emetics, yeah, then that would 01:17:31.850 --> 01:17:35.960 be a really good strategy going forward. I really 01:17:35.960 --> 01:17:38.399 hope this never happens to me or anyone else 01:17:38.399 --> 01:17:40.600 ever again, but it probably will. But hopefully 01:17:40.600 --> 01:17:42.859 thanks to this episode, y 'all will be nice and 01:17:42.859 --> 01:17:46.310 prepared and educated on all the. all the things 01:17:46.310 --> 01:17:48.109 inside of your body that happens when you get 01:17:48.109 --> 01:17:51.350 a gastroenteritis or a foodborne illness. So 01:17:51.350 --> 01:17:54.930 we so appreciate you joining us today on another 01:17:54.930 --> 01:17:57.050 episode of your mom on drugs. Anything you want 01:17:57.050 --> 01:17:59.189 to close out with mama? I'm sorry that this was 01:17:59.189 --> 01:18:01.529 maybe a less than pleasant topic, but you know, 01:18:01.550 --> 01:18:03.609 one that, you know, probably it's good for us 01:18:03.609 --> 01:18:05.890 to know about. So when they say knowledge is 01:18:05.890 --> 01:18:09.789 power, right? And so until next time, which is 01:18:09.789 --> 01:18:12.289 going to be episode 19, I don't think we know 01:18:12.289 --> 01:18:13.989 what we're doing yet, but hopefully it'll be 01:18:13.989 --> 01:18:17.300 good. And So we'll see you next month. And my 01:18:17.300 --> 01:18:19.979 name's Josh. And I'm Jenny. And we'll see you 01:18:19.979 --> 01:18:22.539 next time on another episode of Your Mom on Drugs. 01:18:22.640 --> 01:18:23.720 Bye. Bye.