WEBVTT 00:00:18.470 --> 00:00:21.750 Do you get these random, are we being taped now? 00:00:21.870 --> 00:00:23.710 Are we on? Are we starting? We're just trying 00:00:23.710 --> 00:00:25.429 to get levels. So just go ahead and start talking. 00:00:25.429 --> 00:00:28.449 Okay. Do you get these random little texts on 00:00:28.449 --> 00:00:30.690 your phone? Like the one I got this morning are, 00:00:31.399 --> 00:00:33.100 Your Christmas lights are still up. Could you 00:00:33.100 --> 00:00:35.359 take them down? I mean, these are random things. 00:00:35.659 --> 00:00:37.979 I mean, it's not even, it's, it's just random 00:00:37.979 --> 00:00:41.380 or you get, you know, job, job, um, you know, 00:00:41.380 --> 00:00:46.759 resumes or you get these, um, you know, uh, Tom 00:00:46.759 --> 00:00:50.399 will get these like, um, uh, like you want to 00:00:50.399 --> 00:00:52.520 grab some wine tonight? You know, it's, I mean, 00:00:52.539 --> 00:00:54.560 it's just weird. You're like, Oh brother, just 00:00:54.560 --> 00:00:56.899 get a light, get a life. It's the modern or the 00:00:56.899 --> 00:00:59.939 robo scamming. So essentially it's people, I 00:00:59.939 --> 00:01:02.679 mean, because we submit our information and data 00:01:02.679 --> 00:01:05.540 to the internet, there's now all these repositories 00:01:05.540 --> 00:01:08.019 of all of our information, which is good and 00:01:08.019 --> 00:01:10.799 bad because, you know, you know, shopping places 00:01:10.799 --> 00:01:13.799 can customize stuff, but now these robo companies 00:01:13.799 --> 00:01:16.920 can buy that data and then they can, you know, 00:01:16.920 --> 00:01:19.459 basically mass scam and maybe a small percentage 00:01:19.459 --> 00:01:21.579 of people are just lonely enough to want to grab 00:01:21.579 --> 00:01:24.950 wine and they'll get. I mean, fishing. They call 00:01:24.950 --> 00:01:27.170 it fishing. Yeah. And with a P -H. P -H, yeah. 00:01:27.269 --> 00:01:30.670 And it's... It's not great. It's not. So, um, 00:01:30.849 --> 00:01:33.409 yeah. If anyone would fall for that, it would 00:01:33.409 --> 00:01:36.769 be Tom. It's our older people, you know? Thank 00:01:36.769 --> 00:01:38.250 goodness you're around. Yeah. I'm like, I know. 00:01:38.250 --> 00:01:40.049 I'm like, no, I said, honey, just delete that. 00:01:40.069 --> 00:01:42.010 Delete that. Or, or now we've been getting this 00:01:42.010 --> 00:01:44.250 dermatology one and it, you know, it's like, 00:01:44.469 --> 00:01:46.629 yeah, it's like, that's not our dermatologist, 00:01:46.650 --> 00:01:48.650 you know? So just delete it, you know? Cause 00:01:48.650 --> 00:01:51.290 you can hover over, you know, like the number 00:01:51.290 --> 00:01:53.209 or whatever. And, and you're like, you know, 00:01:53.209 --> 00:01:55.049 especially emails. And it's like, this is, this 00:01:55.049 --> 00:01:57.650 is not right. You know? Yeah. Yeah. I guess. 00:01:58.109 --> 00:02:01.609 If you hover over the email, the sender, and 00:02:01.609 --> 00:02:04.030 you'll get these weird, you know, like email. 00:02:04.049 --> 00:02:05.530 You're like, just delete this. Just delete it. 00:02:05.730 --> 00:02:07.650 Because I didn't do that one time at work and 00:02:07.650 --> 00:02:11.990 I got a virus in my... computer even your mom 00:02:11.990 --> 00:02:14.830 on drugs yeah she made a mistake oh my gosh it 00:02:14.830 --> 00:02:17.370 was like a whole day and computer gone for a 00:02:17.370 --> 00:02:19.669 whole day yeah so well that's our podcast ladies 00:02:19.669 --> 00:02:23.250 and gentlemen yeah don't open weird messages 00:02:23.250 --> 00:02:27.250 yeah um well speaking of weird messages uh my 00:02:27.250 --> 00:02:31.550 name is josh and i'm jenny and this is your mom 00:02:31.550 --> 00:02:35.430 on drugs this is episode number 17 whoa i know 00:02:35.430 --> 00:02:38.530 crazy and uh this this one is pretty topical 00:02:38.530 --> 00:02:40.969 now um it's been topical i'd say for the past 00:02:40.969 --> 00:02:43.669 decade just because we've had a resurgent of 00:02:43.669 --> 00:02:46.229 this unfortunate pathogen we're going to do an 00:02:46.229 --> 00:02:49.729 episode today on measles yes um and uh we're 00:02:49.729 --> 00:02:52.090 going to talk with the mom on drugs on what measles 00:02:52.090 --> 00:02:55.430 is um how you can treat it how you can prevent 00:02:55.430 --> 00:02:58.860 it And all the things related, because a lot 00:02:58.860 --> 00:03:01.659 of these diseases that we supposedly thought 00:03:01.659 --> 00:03:05.639 we had eradicated are unfortunately coming back 00:03:05.639 --> 00:03:10.479 in small areas. We have these outbreaks. And 00:03:10.479 --> 00:03:13.759 I think it'd be good to talk about why these 00:03:13.759 --> 00:03:17.629 outbreaks potentially are happening. and what 00:03:17.629 --> 00:03:19.610 we can do to maybe prevent them or even treat 00:03:19.610 --> 00:03:22.210 people who have these certain diseases. So we're 00:03:22.210 --> 00:03:24.710 going to focus specifically on measles, but I 00:03:24.710 --> 00:03:26.550 think it's a good general rule of thumb for a 00:03:26.550 --> 00:03:29.669 lot of other pathogenic diseases that are out 00:03:29.669 --> 00:03:33.689 there. So mom, what is measles? And I'll let 00:03:33.689 --> 00:03:35.610 you take it away. Okay. Well, we're going to 00:03:35.610 --> 00:03:38.150 start with a little bit of like a intro. First 00:03:38.150 --> 00:03:40.009 of all, I want to make sure that people know 00:03:40.009 --> 00:03:43.330 there are measles. I think it's been known as 00:03:43.330 --> 00:03:46.530 the red measles or rubeola. There's also the 00:03:46.530 --> 00:03:50.210 German measles, rubella, or the three -day measles. 00:03:50.229 --> 00:03:51.990 They're not the same thing. So I want people 00:03:51.990 --> 00:03:54.169 to understand that there's two different viruses 00:03:54.169 --> 00:03:57.550 that cause these two different types of viral 00:03:57.550 --> 00:04:00.729 diseases. We are talking about measles today, 00:04:00.870 --> 00:04:04.550 not German measles. And interesting, the reason 00:04:04.550 --> 00:04:07.789 that this came up was that actually this year 00:04:07.789 --> 00:04:11.759 in 2025, there was an outbreak of measles in 00:04:11.759 --> 00:04:17.259 West Texas. Um, there were, there were 762 cases 00:04:17.259 --> 00:04:19.759 reported in West Texas alone, and there were 00:04:19.759 --> 00:04:23.319 99, um, people hospitalized and there were two 00:04:23.319 --> 00:04:27.139 fatalities. Um, and, and then, so we brought, 00:04:27.199 --> 00:04:29.079 then I brought in the look and like, okay, that 00:04:29.079 --> 00:04:31.360 was West Texas. So what's happened in the United 00:04:31.360 --> 00:04:36.319 States in, in, in its entirety. And as of November 00:04:36.319 --> 00:04:41.199 the 25th, there were 1 ,798 confirmed cases of 00:04:41.199 --> 00:04:44.519 measles this year. And there were 46 outbreaks. 00:04:44.620 --> 00:04:47.019 So that meant three or more cases in different 00:04:47.019 --> 00:04:50.399 areas. So the West Texas one definitely was counted 00:04:50.399 --> 00:04:53.300 as part of that. I know that you're probably 00:04:53.300 --> 00:04:55.240 going to get to this later, but can you define 00:04:55.240 --> 00:04:58.019 what an outbreak is? break means? Can you like 00:04:58.019 --> 00:05:01.180 maybe kind of give a... I've got a five word 00:05:01.180 --> 00:05:03.079 definition of what an outbreak is. Okay, perfect. 00:05:03.540 --> 00:05:07.199 It's defined as three or more related cases at 00:05:07.199 --> 00:05:10.500 the same time. So that's at least how the CDC, 00:05:10.779 --> 00:05:13.279 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 00:05:13.279 --> 00:05:15.680 define what an outbreak is. Okay, that's a really 00:05:15.680 --> 00:05:19.230 good... Definition. This number of measles that 00:05:19.230 --> 00:05:21.290 we've seen this year has been the highest that 00:05:21.290 --> 00:05:26.209 we've seen in over three decades. The United 00:05:26.209 --> 00:05:33.000 States declared the country that... Let me rephrase 00:05:33.000 --> 00:05:36.040 that. In 2000, measles was declared eliminated 00:05:36.040 --> 00:05:40.100 from the United States. And that definition was 00:05:40.100 --> 00:05:42.800 that there were no measles spreading within the 00:05:42.800 --> 00:05:46.100 country and new cases only occurred when somebody... 00:05:47.300 --> 00:05:49.680 contracted the disease abroad and then brought 00:05:49.680 --> 00:05:52.259 it back into the country. But we've seen these 00:05:52.259 --> 00:05:55.300 recent elevated numbers. So there's concern that 00:05:55.300 --> 00:05:58.180 we may lose our measles elimination status if 00:05:58.180 --> 00:06:00.819 the trend continues upward. And we're going to 00:06:00.819 --> 00:06:03.279 get a little bit more into why that happens. 00:06:03.579 --> 00:06:05.240 Let me just give you a little bit of background 00:06:05.240 --> 00:06:08.019 about what measles is to begin with. It's also, 00:06:08.100 --> 00:06:10.699 like I said, it's also known as rubeola and it's 00:06:10.699 --> 00:06:14.379 caused by a single stranded RNA virus called 00:06:14.379 --> 00:06:18.019 paramyxovirus. And it's, it's so interesting. 00:06:18.120 --> 00:06:21.379 It only has one antigenic type, so it doesn't 00:06:21.379 --> 00:06:24.540 mutate. So other virus, like that's the reason 00:06:24.540 --> 00:06:26.360 that we have to get a different flu vaccine every 00:06:26.360 --> 00:06:29.079 year is because the virus mutates every single 00:06:29.079 --> 00:06:31.819 year, it changes. And so it doesn't stay the 00:06:31.819 --> 00:06:35.540 same. So the vaccine doesn't work every year. 00:06:35.560 --> 00:06:37.639 It gets modified every year because these, this 00:06:37.639 --> 00:06:40.519 virus can change, but this measles virus doesn't 00:06:40.519 --> 00:06:43.579 change. It stays the same and it hasn't changed 00:06:43.579 --> 00:06:46.629 over a year. So you can either get, measles or 00:06:46.629 --> 00:06:48.990 you can get vaccinated for measles and you pretty 00:06:48.990 --> 00:06:51.790 much can stay immunized against it for your, 00:06:51.810 --> 00:06:54.310 the rest of your life. It's really quite interesting. 00:06:54.529 --> 00:06:57.610 Can you remind folks when you say antigenic type, 00:06:57.750 --> 00:07:01.670 I think when, when I think just maybe I can help 00:07:01.670 --> 00:07:04.689 clarify. So when just to get it, I know we've 00:07:04.689 --> 00:07:07.269 talked a lot about viruses on this podcast, but 00:07:07.269 --> 00:07:09.430 if this is your first episode, listening to it, 00:07:09.470 --> 00:07:13.069 like if you, you picture a virus is almost kind 00:07:13.069 --> 00:07:16.689 of like, um, If you just imagine a circle, just 00:07:16.689 --> 00:07:20.790 picture a circle in your head, and a virus essentially 00:07:20.790 --> 00:07:24.290 on the inside is composed of usually two things. 00:07:24.350 --> 00:07:27.769 It's composed of either DNA or RNA, which we 00:07:27.769 --> 00:07:30.310 call them nucleic acids. You have both of these 00:07:30.310 --> 00:07:33.009 things in your body. DNA are the instruction 00:07:33.009 --> 00:07:35.689 codes for making things in your body, such as 00:07:35.689 --> 00:07:40.750 hair and fingernails. There's this thing called 00:07:40.750 --> 00:07:43.350 RNA, which is kind of the go -between between 00:07:43.350 --> 00:07:48.079 the stuff, in your body and on your head um and 00:07:48.079 --> 00:07:51.860 so dna basically has the instructions in order 00:07:51.860 --> 00:07:54.480 for the your cells to make that thing it needs 00:07:54.480 --> 00:07:57.660 to be translated meaning that like basically 00:07:57.660 --> 00:08:01.079 your cells don't speak the dna language so there's 00:08:01.079 --> 00:08:03.040 this stuff that basically this go -between called 00:08:03.040 --> 00:08:05.560 rna that says, you know what, I'm going to help 00:08:05.560 --> 00:08:08.199 you translate that language of DNA. I'm going 00:08:08.199 --> 00:08:10.100 to turn into RNA, which you can understand. It's 00:08:10.100 --> 00:08:12.220 kind of like if you went to Italy and you didn't 00:08:12.220 --> 00:08:14.180 speak Italian and you brought an interpreter, 00:08:14.379 --> 00:08:16.860 not an interpreter, a translator with you to 00:08:16.860 --> 00:08:19.180 help you kind of bridge the gap between you and 00:08:19.180 --> 00:08:23.759 an Italian person. So this virus essentially 00:08:23.759 --> 00:08:29.040 has this material inside and it wants to get 00:08:29.040 --> 00:08:34.120 its material. inside of your cells because viruses 00:08:34.120 --> 00:08:37.600 very uniquely can't recreate their own genetic 00:08:37.600 --> 00:08:39.779 material. Our cells do this all the time. We 00:08:39.779 --> 00:08:42.820 call it cell division. But viruses can't do that. 00:08:42.860 --> 00:08:46.059 They rely on other organisms to make more of 00:08:46.059 --> 00:08:49.860 themselves, hence why they infect us. And usually 00:08:49.860 --> 00:08:52.500 they do that by attaching to the outside of that 00:08:52.500 --> 00:08:55.080 circle that I told you about. They're like these, 00:08:55.159 --> 00:08:58.179 basically these locks or these things that kind 00:08:58.179 --> 00:09:00.919 of open quote unquote doors. When we call those 00:09:00.919 --> 00:09:04.139 antigens. And just so happens that every now 00:09:04.139 --> 00:09:07.600 and then a virus will mutate just enough that 00:09:07.600 --> 00:09:10.220 it locks right into your cell and it gains entry. 00:09:10.360 --> 00:09:12.460 Most of the time your cells are really good at 00:09:12.460 --> 00:09:14.620 keeping out bad actors of the things that they 00:09:14.620 --> 00:09:17.019 don't want. But every now and then it'll be able 00:09:17.019 --> 00:09:20.279 to get inside. And what's unique, like my mom 00:09:20.279 --> 00:09:22.399 said, is like what's unique about measles is 00:09:22.399 --> 00:09:25.039 that it just has this one antigenic type, meaning 00:09:25.039 --> 00:09:27.639 that there's just one variety. Meaning that if 00:09:27.639 --> 00:09:30.179 it deviated at all, it wouldn't be able to get 00:09:30.179 --> 00:09:32.279 inside of the cell. So it actually behooves the 00:09:32.279 --> 00:09:35.379 measles virus to stay the same so it can keep 00:09:35.379 --> 00:09:37.820 getting inside of the same types of cells in 00:09:37.820 --> 00:09:41.379 your body. Where something like the flu, it actually... 00:09:41.690 --> 00:09:44.169 does a different strategy. It basically changes 00:09:44.169 --> 00:09:46.389 its antigens. It has multiple types. It's like, 00:09:46.409 --> 00:09:48.129 well, I'm going to try antigen A or I'm going 00:09:48.129 --> 00:09:50.629 to try antigen B or gamma. And it's going to 00:09:50.629 --> 00:09:53.730 basically do variability to keep your body guessing 00:09:53.730 --> 00:09:56.090 of what it should be attacking every year. So 00:09:56.090 --> 00:09:58.549 this is a unique thing about different organisms. 00:09:58.649 --> 00:10:01.110 Some organisms try to stay the same throughout 00:10:01.110 --> 00:10:04.990 time and other organisms try to differ throughout 00:10:04.990 --> 00:10:08.190 time. So just kind of want to give a beat. Brief 00:10:08.190 --> 00:10:10.669 background of like why viruses do what they do 00:10:10.669 --> 00:10:13.250 and how they get into your body and what's unique 00:10:13.250 --> 00:10:15.610 about measles in this case. So with that being 00:10:15.610 --> 00:10:19.629 said, take it away, mom. OK, so the measles virus 00:10:19.629 --> 00:10:23.750 is very contagious and it's it's really one of 00:10:23.750 --> 00:10:27.210 the most contagious diseases. So it way long 00:10:27.210 --> 00:10:29.769 time ago. Thousands of years ago, they thought 00:10:29.769 --> 00:10:31.830 that there was animal to human transmission, 00:10:32.029 --> 00:10:35.049 but now the measles virus can only be transmitted 00:10:35.049 --> 00:10:37.909 from person to person, human to human. And it 00:10:37.909 --> 00:10:40.210 can affect anyone, but mostly it affects kiddos 00:10:40.210 --> 00:10:42.789 and mostly affects children. So before we had 00:10:42.789 --> 00:10:48.559 vaccines for measles, it was almost. it was almost 00:10:48.559 --> 00:10:51.580 universal. You got measles in, in childhood. 00:10:52.120 --> 00:10:55.440 And by the time you were 15 years old, almost 00:10:55.440 --> 00:10:58.419 90, over 90 % of people were immune to the measles 00:10:58.419 --> 00:11:01.240 virus because they'd had it. Like I had, I had 00:11:01.240 --> 00:11:03.000 the measles. You've had the measles. I had the 00:11:03.000 --> 00:11:05.799 measles, but my kiddos like Josh and his brother, 00:11:05.899 --> 00:11:08.500 Joel, they got the vaccine. So they did not have 00:11:08.500 --> 00:11:11.000 the measles and stuff. So. Yeah. And it's a similar 00:11:11.000 --> 00:11:12.700 principle is like, whether you get the vaccine 00:11:12.700 --> 00:11:15.919 or the measles, you then get quote unquote immunity 00:11:15.919 --> 00:11:18.909 from that thing because. your body has seen that 00:11:18.909 --> 00:11:22.289 virus before. So the same principle applies. 00:11:22.429 --> 00:11:24.629 It's seen the antigen either from the vaccine 00:11:24.629 --> 00:11:27.350 or from the virus, and it remembers that for 00:11:27.350 --> 00:11:31.590 next time. Right. I just found this very interesting 00:11:31.590 --> 00:11:36.529 about this virus. So it... So because it's so 00:11:36.529 --> 00:11:41.330 contagious, it can even cause outbreaks in populations 00:11:41.330 --> 00:11:43.549 where there's less than 10 % of people susceptible 00:11:43.549 --> 00:11:46.870 to it. Because it'll find the ones that have 00:11:46.870 --> 00:11:50.750 not yet had it and get them. And then they can 00:11:50.750 --> 00:11:52.669 spread it to those that haven't had it already. 00:11:52.850 --> 00:11:55.230 And then you can have a little outbreak and stuff, 00:11:55.269 --> 00:11:57.070 which is like what's happened in West Texas. 00:11:57.470 --> 00:12:00.210 And then it may settle down again. But if you 00:12:00.210 --> 00:12:03.970 then have a group of people that, for whatever 00:12:03.970 --> 00:12:07.250 reason, reason have not developed immunity to 00:12:07.250 --> 00:12:10.629 the measles vaccine, measles virus, then you 00:12:10.629 --> 00:12:12.629 could have a little outbreak again and stuff 00:12:12.629 --> 00:12:14.009 so it can cycle over years. That's why we see 00:12:14.009 --> 00:12:15.950 a lot of these small outbreaks because it's just 00:12:15.950 --> 00:12:17.950 so good at finding those specific people who 00:12:17.950 --> 00:12:21.990 don't have immunity to it. Right. Wow. And so 00:12:21.990 --> 00:12:28.750 anyway, so it usually occurs in the late winter 00:12:28.750 --> 00:12:31.990 or early spring. And you think that seems that's 00:12:31.990 --> 00:12:35.009 a lot of. diseases, really, you know, these viral 00:12:35.009 --> 00:12:37.409 diseases, because when the weather gets colder, 00:12:37.669 --> 00:12:41.289 people are more, stay more inside rather than 00:12:41.289 --> 00:12:44.190 outside. So, you know, these types of viruses 00:12:44.190 --> 00:12:46.990 are very common to spread in schools, in your 00:12:46.990 --> 00:12:50.610 household, where there's, you know, lots of people 00:12:50.610 --> 00:12:58.919 put together at the same time and stuff. It's 00:12:58.919 --> 00:13:02.799 not just the measles is not just located in the 00:13:02.799 --> 00:13:05.779 United States, though. It is a worldwide issue. 00:13:05.919 --> 00:13:09.399 In 2023, the World Health Organization estimated 00:13:09.399 --> 00:13:13.620 that there were over 107 ,000 measles deaths 00:13:13.620 --> 00:13:16.919 globally. That's deaths with measles. Mostly 00:13:16.919 --> 00:13:20.139 that happened in unvaccinated or under vaccinated 00:13:20.139 --> 00:13:22.220 children that were less than five years of age. 00:13:23.299 --> 00:13:30.590 So they. The reason that measles may be resurging 00:13:30.590 --> 00:13:32.889 in the United States is that there has been an 00:13:32.889 --> 00:13:35.490 increasing trend of vaccine hesitancy for a variety 00:13:35.490 --> 00:13:39.710 of different personal reasons and also lower 00:13:39.710 --> 00:13:42.809 vaccination rates in general. And so that can 00:13:42.809 --> 00:13:46.230 cause our population or our country to lose its 00:13:46.230 --> 00:13:50.669 elimination status if we have a continued elevation 00:13:50.669 --> 00:13:57.039 in our trend with measles. People could bring, 00:13:57.080 --> 00:13:59.299 you know, with the elimination status, people 00:13:59.299 --> 00:14:02.039 could bring measles into our country if they 00:14:02.039 --> 00:14:04.480 went someplace else where they did have measles 00:14:04.480 --> 00:14:06.120 and then brought it back to the country and stuff. 00:14:06.159 --> 00:14:08.940 But that would not be counted as against the 00:14:08.940 --> 00:14:10.419 United States because it came from someplace 00:14:10.419 --> 00:14:12.700 else. Right. And I guess the measles has to, 00:14:12.840 --> 00:14:15.240 I mean, we had our elimination status in 2000, 00:14:15.500 --> 00:14:18.419 right? Right. I assume that was because a lot 00:14:18.419 --> 00:14:20.720 of people had been vaccinated against measles 00:14:20.720 --> 00:14:23.740 as well as had just been infected before, right? 00:14:23.799 --> 00:14:27.759 So there's just not as many reservoirs for those 00:14:27.759 --> 00:14:30.120 individuals to be infected. Right. But in that 00:14:30.120 --> 00:14:32.860 25 years, obviously we've had a lot of new babies 00:14:32.860 --> 00:14:37.940 being born. And like you said, vaccine hesitancy 00:14:37.940 --> 00:14:41.950 has risen in the past 25 years. So it has to 00:14:41.950 --> 00:14:44.289 come from somewhere. So my guess is that it could 00:14:44.289 --> 00:14:46.750 come from other parts of the world. And then 00:14:46.750 --> 00:14:48.870 when they come in contact with those people who 00:14:48.870 --> 00:14:51.370 then carry it to their newborns or their young 00:14:51.370 --> 00:14:54.210 kids, that essentially can cause those small 00:14:54.210 --> 00:14:56.990 outbreaks. Right. Because it will find, again, 00:14:57.070 --> 00:14:59.710 because if people are around, go to school, especially 00:14:59.710 --> 00:15:02.929 because it targets little kiddos or daycares, 00:15:02.929 --> 00:15:05.389 you know, and stuff, depending, then it could 00:15:05.389 --> 00:15:08.370 spread pretty rapidly and stuff. And I know we're 00:15:08.370 --> 00:15:10.519 going to talk about. what the actual mechanism 00:15:10.519 --> 00:15:12.980 of measles is a little bit later. It's a very 00:15:12.980 --> 00:15:17.120 interesting way that it infects people inside 00:15:17.120 --> 00:15:20.830 of your body. Do you want me to talk about it 00:15:20.830 --> 00:15:22.950 now? Well, let me just, well, that's a great 00:15:22.950 --> 00:15:24.490 transit. Let me, let me just give the little, 00:15:24.529 --> 00:15:27.289 like the global and you go into the detail. Okay. 00:15:27.409 --> 00:15:30.950 All right. So the measles virus is transmitted 00:15:30.950 --> 00:15:34.190 primarily by respiratory droplets. So, and it's 00:15:34.190 --> 00:15:37.409 really over short distances. It doesn't hang 00:15:37.409 --> 00:15:41.409 around on surfaces for long time periods. So 00:15:41.409 --> 00:15:44.250 that, I mean, you can get it that way, but it's 00:15:44.250 --> 00:15:47.350 most commonly happening through talking, coughing. 00:15:48.080 --> 00:15:50.960 you know, spitting or whatever and stuff. It 00:15:50.960 --> 00:15:54.720 does. And it's primarily these infectious secretions. 00:15:54.740 --> 00:15:57.580 So you think about little kids and they're, you 00:15:57.580 --> 00:15:59.580 know, they're two years old and they're putting 00:15:59.580 --> 00:16:01.100 everything in their mouth. And then their friend 00:16:01.100 --> 00:16:02.779 comes behind in the daycare and puts that same 00:16:02.779 --> 00:16:06.320 thing in the mouth. Then they're going to, they 00:16:06.320 --> 00:16:09.220 could easily transmit it that way. It grows in 00:16:09.220 --> 00:16:11.519 your respiratory mucosa, which is kind of the 00:16:11.519 --> 00:16:16.919 lining. of your nose or your lung area and stuff. 00:16:17.100 --> 00:16:19.759 And then it will spread to your lymph nodes about 00:16:19.759 --> 00:16:24.000 two to four days after it enters into your body. 00:16:24.100 --> 00:16:26.139 And then it goes from your lymph nodes, which 00:16:26.139 --> 00:16:28.700 are your, they're nodes throughout your body 00:16:28.700 --> 00:16:31.220 and they're kind of like your messenger system 00:16:31.220 --> 00:16:34.480 inside your body. And then, so when the virus 00:16:34.480 --> 00:16:36.240 gets into your lymph nodes and it spreads throughout 00:16:36.240 --> 00:16:39.299 your bloodstream and it can go throughout your 00:16:39.299 --> 00:16:41.279 entire body and then the symptoms will start 00:16:41.279 --> 00:16:45.029 developing. Yeah. I mean, that's a great segue. 00:16:45.450 --> 00:16:49.570 This disease is so interesting because not only, 00:16:49.649 --> 00:16:52.230 like mom said, it goes throughout your entire 00:16:52.230 --> 00:16:55.470 body because just like your circulatory system, 00:16:55.789 --> 00:16:58.990 your lymph system is also kind of distributed 00:16:58.990 --> 00:17:01.750 all throughout your body. It's part of your immune 00:17:01.750 --> 00:17:03.950 system. So it essentially helps fight infection. 00:17:04.250 --> 00:17:08.009 And with measles specifically, it actually targets 00:17:08.009 --> 00:17:12.420 cells inside of your immune system. Which is 00:17:12.420 --> 00:17:14.900 not good because you need your immune, very much 00:17:14.900 --> 00:17:17.140 like HIV, like you need your immune system to 00:17:17.140 --> 00:17:19.359 fight these off. But the measles has found a 00:17:19.359 --> 00:17:21.900 way to essentially infect parts of your immune 00:17:21.900 --> 00:17:24.380 system. These things called dendritic cells, 00:17:24.579 --> 00:17:26.220 which are kind of like the quote unquote mother 00:17:26.220 --> 00:17:30.220 brain of your immune system. And because they 00:17:30.220 --> 00:17:33.220 infect them, it just means that they get inside 00:17:33.220 --> 00:17:35.500 and they replicate. Just like I said before, 00:17:35.619 --> 00:17:38.099 my analogy of like they put their genetic material 00:17:38.099 --> 00:17:40.240 inside of these cells and then these cells essentially 00:17:40.240 --> 00:17:43.519 become factories to make millions of copies of 00:17:43.519 --> 00:17:45.740 a single virus. I mean, it's an amazing strategy 00:17:45.740 --> 00:17:49.099 the viruses have developed. So because these 00:17:49.099 --> 00:17:51.339 dendritic cells don't sense danger, they then 00:17:51.339 --> 00:17:53.680 travel back to the lymph nodes of where they 00:17:53.680 --> 00:17:56.680 originate and then they start releasing all these 00:17:56.680 --> 00:17:59.359 virus particles into the lymph nodes. And then 00:17:59.359 --> 00:18:01.960 the lymph node cells essentially spread throughout 00:18:01.960 --> 00:18:04.140 the body, which is how they get into places like 00:18:04.140 --> 00:18:06.700 the lungs and to the spleen and the rest of your 00:18:06.700 --> 00:18:09.039 body. And just like mom said, once they get into 00:18:09.039 --> 00:18:12.299 the respiratory system, that's where a lot of 00:18:12.299 --> 00:18:14.319 these droplets get created and you can breathe 00:18:14.319 --> 00:18:16.599 out and then spread it to somebody else. Yes. 00:18:16.960 --> 00:18:20.680 That is how the spreading happens. And then obviously 00:18:20.680 --> 00:18:23.279 there are things inside of the body. when you 00:18:23.279 --> 00:18:25.920 get measles that happen poorly too. But before 00:18:25.920 --> 00:18:28.660 I move on to what potentially could happen to 00:18:28.660 --> 00:18:32.059 you inside of your own body, and my mom will 00:18:32.059 --> 00:18:33.440 probably get to this a little bit later, one 00:18:33.440 --> 00:18:35.680 of the unique things about measles that it causes 00:18:35.680 --> 00:18:38.460 this thing is called, I'm trying to remember 00:18:38.460 --> 00:18:40.700 the name, but it's basically like immune amnesia. 00:18:41.220 --> 00:18:43.819 What happens is a lot of people, you can get 00:18:43.819 --> 00:18:46.920 sick from measles and there'll be some symptoms 00:18:46.920 --> 00:18:48.859 that my mom will talk about. But one of the bad 00:18:48.859 --> 00:18:51.440 things about it is that if you get measles, any 00:18:51.440 --> 00:18:55.529 memory, that you've had of previous diseases 00:18:55.529 --> 00:18:59.410 before actually gets erased. So if you've had 00:18:59.410 --> 00:19:01.589 immunity against like a common cold or like the 00:19:01.589 --> 00:19:04.970 flu or because it affects these immune cells, 00:19:05.069 --> 00:19:07.930 these immune cells essentially die and their 00:19:07.930 --> 00:19:10.089 memory gets wiped. They don't remember what they've 00:19:10.089 --> 00:19:12.670 seen before. So even if you get measles and you 00:19:12.670 --> 00:19:18.579 survive that, you will forget. the immune memory 00:19:18.579 --> 00:19:20.680 that you had against, you know, things that could 00:19:20.680 --> 00:19:22.920 cause pneumonia or like all these other diseases. 00:19:22.980 --> 00:19:25.279 Actually, a lot of people get sick and potentially 00:19:25.279 --> 00:19:27.500 die from secondary infections as well that they 00:19:27.500 --> 00:19:29.960 would have normally fought off without, you know, 00:19:29.980 --> 00:19:32.640 basically this immune memory being wiped as well. 00:19:32.720 --> 00:19:35.119 So just want to... Yeah, that's a great point. 00:19:36.059 --> 00:19:39.640 So typically you'll see signs and symptoms of 00:19:39.640 --> 00:19:42.480 the measles about eight to 12 days after you've 00:19:42.480 --> 00:19:46.029 been infected with the virus. And that marks 00:19:46.029 --> 00:19:49.089 the end of the incubation period. And then the 00:19:49.089 --> 00:19:52.690 first thing that you'll see, as far as clinical 00:19:52.690 --> 00:19:55.089 presentation, you have what we call a prodrome. 00:19:55.230 --> 00:19:57.789 And this is characteristic of measles. It usually 00:19:57.789 --> 00:20:00.349 happens, like I said, about one to two weeks 00:20:00.349 --> 00:20:02.650 after you've been infected. And the first thing 00:20:02.650 --> 00:20:04.190 is you're going to have a fever. Your fever can 00:20:04.190 --> 00:20:06.910 get pretty high. It can be as high as 105, which 00:20:06.910 --> 00:20:10.549 is a really high fever. And then there's something 00:20:10.549 --> 00:20:12.930 called the three C's that are associated with 00:20:12.930 --> 00:20:16.059 measles. You've got cough. Choriza, which is 00:20:16.059 --> 00:20:20.740 a fancy word for runny nose, and conjunctivitis, 00:20:20.859 --> 00:20:23.059 which is an inflammation or an infection in your 00:20:23.059 --> 00:20:25.119 eye. Shout out to our episode on conjunctivitis. 00:20:25.200 --> 00:20:28.720 There you go. You can also see diarrhea in patients 00:20:28.720 --> 00:20:31.319 as well. That could last as long as a month in 00:20:31.319 --> 00:20:35.200 kiddos or anybody who's had the measles. The 00:20:35.200 --> 00:20:38.099 other thing that's really characteristic of measles 00:20:38.099 --> 00:20:42.400 is something called Coplex spots. K -O -P -L 00:20:42.400 --> 00:20:45.680 -I -K apostrophe S. Coplic spots. They're these 00:20:45.680 --> 00:20:49.359 bluish white spots that are in the mouth on the 00:20:49.359 --> 00:20:52.500 jaw and kind of in the buckled kind of jaw area. 00:20:52.660 --> 00:20:54.779 And they're kind of bluish white and then they're 00:20:54.779 --> 00:20:56.940 surrounded by redness. And so they're characteristic 00:20:56.940 --> 00:20:59.619 of the measles. Inside the mouth. Inside the 00:20:59.619 --> 00:21:02.359 mouth. Inside the mouth. And they will develop 00:21:02.359 --> 00:21:05.579 about two to three. days after the initial symptoms. 00:21:05.940 --> 00:21:08.480 And then they then fade with the onset of the 00:21:08.480 --> 00:21:10.440 rash. Because the third thing that happens is 00:21:10.440 --> 00:21:12.759 that you develop a rash. It is characterized 00:21:12.759 --> 00:21:16.420 by large flat spots and then small raised bumps. 00:21:16.990 --> 00:21:19.470 And it will happen about three to five days after 00:21:19.470 --> 00:21:22.710 that initial symptom of the three C's happens 00:21:22.710 --> 00:21:26.789 and stuff. Or you'll see the rash about 14 days 00:21:26.789 --> 00:21:28.750 after you initially came in contact with the 00:21:28.750 --> 00:21:30.869 virus, but you've got this initial program that 00:21:30.869 --> 00:21:34.269 you have first. Usually the rash begins behind 00:21:34.269 --> 00:21:37.069 the ears and on the neck and hairline, and then 00:21:37.069 --> 00:21:40.289 it progresses to involve the face. your trunk 00:21:40.289 --> 00:21:42.289 area, you know, your stomach, your back, your 00:21:42.289 --> 00:21:44.769 arms, and then it will go down to leg and feet 00:21:44.769 --> 00:21:46.849 involvement so it can cover your entire body. 00:21:47.670 --> 00:21:52.230 And that process may take about two days. And 00:21:52.230 --> 00:21:55.450 so you've got, now you've got a rash. And that 00:21:55.450 --> 00:21:59.829 rash signals that your immune system is working 00:21:59.829 --> 00:22:03.250 against the virus. That's the signal that your 00:22:03.250 --> 00:22:06.299 body is showing. Usually you may have some loss 00:22:06.299 --> 00:22:09.619 of appetite or you may have some swollen lymph 00:22:09.619 --> 00:22:12.619 nodes as a result of this virus that's seen along 00:22:12.619 --> 00:22:15.539 with the rash. And then the rash will start fading 00:22:15.539 --> 00:22:19.539 to a kind of a brownish color and it flakes off 00:22:19.539 --> 00:22:22.079 about three to four days after it started developing. 00:22:22.180 --> 00:22:26.000 And then it will fade off. Usually then within 00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:29.079 about two weeks after being initially infected, 00:22:29.200 --> 00:22:32.059 you can be done with. with the measles illness. 00:22:32.539 --> 00:22:36.279 But if you have a fever that persists for longer 00:22:36.279 --> 00:22:38.259 than that time period, it could mean that you 00:22:38.259 --> 00:22:40.380 have one of the complications that Joshua alluded 00:22:40.380 --> 00:22:43.869 to earlier. And so there are several... Potential 00:22:43.869 --> 00:22:46.789 complications that happen along with the measles 00:22:46.789 --> 00:22:49.910 that he talked about, this immune amnesia. One 00:22:49.910 --> 00:22:53.630 is that because this happens a lot in kids, they 00:22:53.630 --> 00:22:56.769 could end up with otitis media, which is a bacterial 00:22:56.769 --> 00:22:59.750 or viral air infection. That happens in about 00:22:59.750 --> 00:23:03.750 7 % to 9 % of patients that have gotten the measles. 00:23:03.890 --> 00:23:07.529 Or you can end up with bronchopneumonia. croup 00:23:07.529 --> 00:23:11.210 or laryngitis. So you can have these lower respiratory 00:23:11.210 --> 00:23:14.769 infections that happen in about 5 % of kiddos. 00:23:14.990 --> 00:23:17.950 They can become serious. Pneumonia is always 00:23:17.950 --> 00:23:20.769 serious. And so you just want to make sure that 00:23:20.769 --> 00:23:25.670 if you're a kiddo or even if you're an unimmunized 00:23:25.670 --> 00:23:30.150 adult and you get the measles, that you contact 00:23:30.150 --> 00:23:32.549 your healthcare provider, you know, if this is 00:23:32.549 --> 00:23:36.680 not going away. One other thing that can happen 00:23:36.680 --> 00:23:38.700 is that you could get dehydrated if you have 00:23:38.700 --> 00:23:41.799 diarrhea, especially in little kiddos, and sometimes 00:23:41.799 --> 00:23:43.740 there could be vomiting. So you want to make 00:23:43.740 --> 00:23:46.779 sure that you get fluids into those kiddos and 00:23:46.779 --> 00:23:49.180 stuff, and your pediatrician or your healthcare 00:23:49.180 --> 00:23:53.339 provider can help you with a plan to make sure 00:23:53.339 --> 00:23:56.660 that that gets managed. Another big thing is 00:23:56.660 --> 00:23:59.700 that you don't want to get the measles if you're 00:23:59.700 --> 00:24:03.740 pregnant. The measles virus in pregnant women, 00:24:04.650 --> 00:24:07.529 So first of all, for the mom itself, it increases 00:24:07.529 --> 00:24:10.309 their risk for pneumonia and death because when 00:24:10.309 --> 00:24:13.029 you are pregnant, your immune system is kind 00:24:13.029 --> 00:24:15.329 of dampened a little bit to keep your body from 00:24:15.329 --> 00:24:18.970 attacking the baby that's growing inside of you. 00:24:19.109 --> 00:24:21.670 But then also you can have adverse pregnancy 00:24:21.670 --> 00:24:24.190 outcomes with it. So you can have pregnancy loss, 00:24:24.609 --> 00:24:27.210 premature delivery or low birth weight, and the 00:24:27.210 --> 00:24:29.829 measles virus can be transmitted to the fetus. 00:24:29.829 --> 00:24:33.339 And so when they're born, they could have. febrile 00:24:33.339 --> 00:24:36.859 rash syndrome. Again, they could get really, 00:24:36.900 --> 00:24:38.900 really sick, including getting encephalitis, 00:24:39.019 --> 00:24:42.180 which is a brain infection. What advice would 00:24:42.180 --> 00:24:44.480 you give for a pregnant or someone who wanting 00:24:44.480 --> 00:24:47.680 to become pregnant to avoid measles? Would you 00:24:47.680 --> 00:24:51.740 just essentially just avoid basically any child 00:24:51.740 --> 00:24:54.079 who potentially is in contact with it? Would 00:24:54.079 --> 00:24:57.339 you recommend them wearing a N95 mask because 00:24:57.339 --> 00:25:00.059 it will prevent some of the droplets? If I was 00:25:00.059 --> 00:25:02.799 a pregnant woman, wanting to limit this risk, 00:25:02.900 --> 00:25:06.099 what would you recommend to me to avoid it? Um, 00:25:06.200 --> 00:25:09.019 I'd say one of the first things that could be 00:25:09.019 --> 00:25:11.940 done is that you could have antibody titers drawn 00:25:11.940 --> 00:25:15.019 to see if you have immunity to the measles vaccine 00:25:15.019 --> 00:25:18.259 yourself, you know? So if you've already, I mean, 00:25:18.259 --> 00:25:20.160 measles virus. Yes. I'm sorry. Yes. You could 00:25:20.160 --> 00:25:22.400 do that. If you know, for a fact that you've 00:25:22.400 --> 00:25:24.819 never had the measles or you've never been vaccinated 00:25:24.819 --> 00:25:28.180 against the measles, then yes. Um, avoidance 00:25:28.180 --> 00:25:31.180 of those primary people who haven't been vaccinated 00:25:31.180 --> 00:25:34.849 and maybe haven't had the disease yet. Right. 00:25:34.890 --> 00:25:36.630 Those are the people with the highest risk. Right. 00:25:36.750 --> 00:25:38.869 We're talking about because, you know, if you've 00:25:38.869 --> 00:25:42.690 already had the virus, then your body is going 00:25:42.690 --> 00:25:44.769 to respond against it. And so it's not going 00:25:44.769 --> 00:25:47.630 to be as much of a risk for a pregnant woman. 00:25:47.710 --> 00:25:51.690 But if you are, let's say you're a mom and you've 00:25:51.690 --> 00:25:54.890 got other kiddos, you know, and stuff, you know, 00:25:54.890 --> 00:25:58.529 you want to make sure that you get them immunized 00:25:58.529 --> 00:26:02.900 against measles because. The illness is far worse 00:26:02.900 --> 00:26:05.400 than the vaccine, and we're going to get to that 00:26:05.400 --> 00:26:09.779 in just a few minutes. There are some rare complications 00:26:09.779 --> 00:26:13.420 that can happen with measles disease as well, 00:26:13.420 --> 00:26:17.400 too. They don't happen in everybody, but they're 00:26:17.400 --> 00:26:21.140 serious enough to just be concerned with. I think 00:26:21.140 --> 00:26:23.599 it's because they affect these dendritic cells 00:26:23.599 --> 00:26:27.480 that Joshua talked about. One of them is called 00:26:27.480 --> 00:26:30.779 post -measles encephalitis. I'm sorry, it's called 00:26:30.779 --> 00:26:34.619 post measles encephalomyelitis. And what that 00:26:34.619 --> 00:26:38.440 means is you get inflammation in the lining around 00:26:38.440 --> 00:26:42.140 your brain, as well as the lining that goes around 00:26:42.140 --> 00:26:45.039 your nerve, your nerve tract that comes from 00:26:45.039 --> 00:26:47.700 your spinal cord. We call it the myelin sheath. 00:26:47.880 --> 00:26:50.740 Yes. And if you've heard of MS, you might've 00:26:50.740 --> 00:26:52.759 heard that the immune system will attack this 00:26:52.759 --> 00:26:56.059 sheath. It kind of keeps your cells insulated 00:26:56.059 --> 00:26:59.200 so they can send signals. Um, yeah. So mom said 00:26:59.200 --> 00:27:01.099 that it'll, it'll. Right. So this happens rarely 00:27:01.099 --> 00:27:04.000 in about one in a thousand cases and it usually 00:27:04.000 --> 00:27:07.160 affects older kiddos and adults. And it can occur 00:27:07.160 --> 00:27:09.599 within two weeks of the rash onset. And it's 00:27:09.599 --> 00:27:12.859 characterized by fever, seizures, and neurologic 00:27:12.859 --> 00:27:16.619 abnormalities. So, um, so maybe that could be 00:27:16.619 --> 00:27:19.819 a whole plethora of things. Um, and it's really 00:27:19.819 --> 00:27:22.480 interesting. It's thought to be an autoimmune 00:27:22.480 --> 00:27:26.400 disorder. that it targets the myelin and the 00:27:26.400 --> 00:27:28.480 measles virus doesn't have to be there anymore. 00:27:28.819 --> 00:27:32.740 So it's just one of those weird things with this 00:27:32.740 --> 00:27:37.380 virus. Yeah, the immune system is so, if anybody 00:27:37.380 --> 00:27:41.619 wants to basically think about how wonderfully 00:27:41.619 --> 00:27:44.559 our bodies work, you just go read about the immune 00:27:44.559 --> 00:27:48.240 system. It is so complicated. There are so many 00:27:48.240 --> 00:27:50.279 moving parts. There are so many different types 00:27:50.279 --> 00:27:52.779 of cells working in conjunction with one another. 00:27:53.609 --> 00:27:57.170 One of the interesting trade -offs that I've 00:27:57.170 --> 00:28:00.089 read about the immune system is that you think 00:28:00.089 --> 00:28:04.029 about even as early as 300 to 400 years ago, 00:28:04.329 --> 00:28:07.609 I mean, even maybe 100 or 200 years ago, most 00:28:07.609 --> 00:28:10.269 of the primary causes of death, especially in 00:28:10.269 --> 00:28:16.849 young kids, was infectious disease. One of the 00:28:16.849 --> 00:28:22.869 reasons that our median age you know, for life 00:28:22.869 --> 00:28:25.769 was so low, like in the 40s, was because our 00:28:25.769 --> 00:28:27.589 infant mortality was so high. One of the greatest 00:28:27.589 --> 00:28:30.130 things we've done as a society is that we've 00:28:30.130 --> 00:28:33.029 dropped infant mortality to near zero. It's incredible 00:28:33.029 --> 00:28:38.109 what we can do nowadays. That being said, what 00:28:38.109 --> 00:28:41.450 our bodies have done as a trade -off prior to 00:28:41.450 --> 00:28:43.789 modern medicine coming around and dropping infant 00:28:43.789 --> 00:28:47.349 mortality so low is that basically it's selected 00:28:47.349 --> 00:28:50.349 for individuals with a hyperactive immune system. 00:28:51.180 --> 00:28:54.079 So evolution basically said, okay, what we're 00:28:54.079 --> 00:28:56.160 going to do is we're going to select for people 00:28:56.160 --> 00:29:00.619 who just, their immune system is incredibly on, 00:29:00.700 --> 00:29:04.160 on, imagine the most anxious person you can imagine 00:29:04.160 --> 00:29:06.579 and multiply that by 10 and that's your immune 00:29:06.579 --> 00:29:09.400 system because it basically assumes that false 00:29:09.400 --> 00:29:11.400 positives are going to be positive. So anytime 00:29:11.400 --> 00:29:13.920 it eats something or anytime it consumes something, 00:29:13.980 --> 00:29:15.380 we're just going to assume that that's a threat. 00:29:15.869 --> 00:29:18.049 And that we are going to attack it, which is 00:29:18.049 --> 00:29:21.009 why a lot of times you see people with food allergies 00:29:21.009 --> 00:29:23.930 or weird allergies to various things in nature. 00:29:23.990 --> 00:29:27.369 But a lot of times, we didn't have sanitation. 00:29:27.569 --> 00:29:30.390 We didn't have hand washing. We didn't have soap. 00:29:30.609 --> 00:29:32.769 We didn't have vaccines. And so a lot of times 00:29:32.769 --> 00:29:34.750 your body was constantly fighting off against 00:29:34.750 --> 00:29:37.789 things like bacteria, viruses, even large like 00:29:37.789 --> 00:29:41.289 parasites, things that are massive in size compared 00:29:41.289 --> 00:29:44.390 to things like viruses. At least in America, 00:29:44.410 --> 00:29:46.349 in the Western world where we have clean drinking 00:29:46.349 --> 00:29:49.170 water, a lot of those risks are almost zero to 00:29:49.170 --> 00:29:51.490 having any of those here in the United States. 00:29:52.049 --> 00:29:54.109 You don't have to worry about Giardia in your 00:29:54.109 --> 00:29:59.009 water, especially in our tap water. But it does. 00:29:59.150 --> 00:30:01.630 So now you have this really hyperactive immune 00:30:01.630 --> 00:30:04.670 system that if you give it something like the 00:30:04.670 --> 00:30:07.650 measles and just like mom said, one in a thousand 00:30:07.650 --> 00:30:10.410 cases will then react. This immune system will 00:30:10.410 --> 00:30:14.819 react. to this measles virus, and it does it 00:30:14.819 --> 00:30:16.619 for too long. There's not this stop mechanism. 00:30:16.799 --> 00:30:18.619 They're like, okay, we can stop now. And so it'll 00:30:18.619 --> 00:30:22.960 do it long enough that it attacks your nerve 00:30:22.960 --> 00:30:25.460 cells and the myelin sheath, which can cause 00:30:25.460 --> 00:30:27.220 these long -term. I know this is a long tangent, 00:30:27.339 --> 00:30:29.619 but it's like a lot of times with these autoimmune 00:30:29.619 --> 00:30:32.470 cases, it's just... really just a byproduct of 00:30:32.470 --> 00:30:35.089 our ancestors essentially finding a way to survive. 00:30:35.329 --> 00:30:37.490 And now we live in this very sanitary, sterile 00:30:37.490 --> 00:30:39.609 environment, which is wonderful. But every now 00:30:39.609 --> 00:30:42.329 and then your body will kind of overcorrect against 00:30:42.329 --> 00:30:45.410 things that, you know, probably shouldn't overcorrect 00:30:45.410 --> 00:30:50.150 against. Right. And then a couple of other rare 00:30:50.150 --> 00:30:53.430 complications from the measles is it's called 00:30:53.430 --> 00:30:55.609 measles. And I don't know a lot about these, 00:30:55.710 --> 00:30:57.930 but I just wanted to just throw them out there. 00:30:57.970 --> 00:31:02.960 One is called measles. Measles inclusion body 00:31:02.960 --> 00:31:05.079 encephalitis. So again, you're going to have 00:31:05.079 --> 00:31:08.299 another type of an inflammation around the lining 00:31:08.299 --> 00:31:11.099 around your brain. It can occur months to years 00:31:11.099 --> 00:31:14.680 after an acute infection due to a persistent 00:31:14.680 --> 00:31:16.839 measles virus infection. It could be some sort 00:31:16.839 --> 00:31:19.920 of like sub. you know, sub presence of the measles 00:31:19.920 --> 00:31:22.519 virus there. And again, there's another one called 00:31:22.519 --> 00:31:25.339 sub acute sclerosing panencephalitis. Again, 00:31:25.460 --> 00:31:28.160 we're talking about these infections with a persistent 00:31:28.160 --> 00:31:31.940 measles virus infection that can affect the lining 00:31:31.940 --> 00:31:34.619 around your brain. Yeah. And if you, anytime 00:31:34.619 --> 00:31:36.700 you hear the word itis, that usually is just 00:31:36.700 --> 00:31:40.009 a term for inflammation. And then the words before 00:31:40.009 --> 00:31:42.910 it just refer to the specific cell type or area 00:31:42.910 --> 00:31:46.049 in which the inflammation is occurring. And because 00:31:46.049 --> 00:31:48.490 this place, because measles goes everywhere and 00:31:48.490 --> 00:31:51.569 your body is really fighting it, sometimes there's 00:31:51.569 --> 00:31:53.170 just going to be a large battle that's going 00:31:53.170 --> 00:31:55.609 to be happening somewhere. that is going to potentially 00:31:55.609 --> 00:31:57.390 cause these long -term effects. So even though 00:31:57.390 --> 00:31:59.609 these words are very long, it's like, it's literally 00:31:59.609 --> 00:32:01.809 just saying like, hey, here's the specific area 00:32:01.809 --> 00:32:05.109 where this is happening. Right. In developing 00:32:05.109 --> 00:32:10.160 countries, you will see, well, I mean. In developing 00:32:10.160 --> 00:32:12.859 countries, you'll see death more associated with 00:32:12.859 --> 00:32:15.019 measles, although we did have a couple of fatalities 00:32:15.019 --> 00:32:17.920 in West Texas. And again, it just depends on 00:32:17.920 --> 00:32:21.339 how sick the kiddo gets. And then in developing 00:32:21.339 --> 00:32:23.559 countries, this has not happened in our country 00:32:23.559 --> 00:32:26.619 because we've got better health care. But blindness, 00:32:26.839 --> 00:32:29.440 it's one of the leading causes of blindness if 00:32:29.440 --> 00:32:33.059 kiddos get measles in developing countries. Wow, 00:32:33.180 --> 00:32:37.710 I did not know that. That's really sad. Some 00:32:37.710 --> 00:32:43.430 viruses have treatments for them and some do 00:32:43.430 --> 00:32:47.109 not. The measles virus, there is no specific 00:32:47.109 --> 00:32:50.029 antiviral treatment for it. So basically, if 00:32:50.029 --> 00:32:51.869 you get the measles, it's primarily supportive 00:32:51.869 --> 00:32:55.849 care that you're going to use to manage it. Things 00:32:55.849 --> 00:32:58.250 like fever control with either acetaminophen, 00:32:58.329 --> 00:33:01.589 Tylenol, or non -steroidal anti -inflammatory 00:33:01.589 --> 00:33:06.069 drugs like ibuprofen or naproxen. Rest in fluids 00:33:06.069 --> 00:33:09.150 is, you know, it's the whole gamut of what supportive 00:33:09.150 --> 00:33:12.069 care is. It's, you know, controlling fever, rest 00:33:12.069 --> 00:33:15.369 in fluids, prevention and correction of dehydration, 00:33:15.430 --> 00:33:18.329 which goes along with giving fluids, and infection 00:33:18.329 --> 00:33:20.269 control measures, which would mean isolating. 00:33:20.990 --> 00:33:23.309 keeping your sick person away from other people 00:33:23.309 --> 00:33:25.970 as well as wearing masks as well too. Yeah. Can 00:33:25.970 --> 00:33:29.109 you, can you speak to just the, like, why is 00:33:29.109 --> 00:33:32.150 it so important to take an NSAID for example, 00:33:32.170 --> 00:33:34.670 and also to replenish fluids, just like on a 00:33:34.670 --> 00:33:38.349 basic, like, I think maybe people don't understand, 00:33:38.450 --> 00:33:40.369 like, well, why would you want to reduce the 00:33:40.369 --> 00:33:42.470 fever? Like, why would you want to reduce the 00:33:42.470 --> 00:33:45.990 inflammation? You know, I'm not I'm not an expert 00:33:45.990 --> 00:33:49.329 in this area, but I do know that fevers that 00:33:49.329 --> 00:33:52.869 go really high in some kiddos or people's threshold 00:33:52.869 --> 00:33:56.410 is lower than others. It can cause seizures and 00:33:56.410 --> 00:33:59.160 and they call it. febrile seizures or seizures 00:33:59.160 --> 00:34:01.500 with fever. It doesn't mean that you have a seizure 00:34:01.500 --> 00:34:03.720 disorder, but it just means that your temperature 00:34:03.720 --> 00:34:06.640 in your body has gotten so high that that's just 00:34:06.640 --> 00:34:08.800 one of the reactions to having a really high 00:34:08.800 --> 00:34:11.559 fever. So that's definitely one reason. Also 00:34:11.559 --> 00:34:14.400 too, if you've ever had a fever, you feel crummy. 00:34:14.539 --> 00:34:16.440 And so if you get, or if you're able to lower 00:34:16.440 --> 00:34:19.139 it a little bit, you feel a little better, even 00:34:19.139 --> 00:34:21.300 though you're not well and stuff. So those would 00:34:21.300 --> 00:34:23.480 be my two main reasons as far as lowering fever. 00:34:24.159 --> 00:34:29.570 As far as fluids, I mean, Dehydration for kiddos, 00:34:29.570 --> 00:34:31.269 I mean, you can get really sick if you don't 00:34:31.269 --> 00:34:33.369 have the right amount of fluid in your body because 00:34:33.369 --> 00:34:37.329 you've got it working. I mean, it infuses your 00:34:37.329 --> 00:34:40.849 whole body. What's the largest fluid in your 00:34:40.849 --> 00:34:43.530 body? Yes, that's right. No, no, I was asking 00:34:43.530 --> 00:34:46.190 what is the largest fluid in your body? Oh, is 00:34:46.190 --> 00:34:49.809 it plasma? And what's that a part of? Just your 00:34:49.809 --> 00:34:53.550 circulatory system. Your circulatory system. 00:34:53.630 --> 00:34:56.110 So yeah, if you don't have enough fluid to... 00:34:56.440 --> 00:34:58.699 pump all the things that your body needs throughout 00:34:58.699 --> 00:35:00.639 your body, then yeah, I mean, you're going to 00:35:00.639 --> 00:35:02.579 essentially, it's going to be harder to transport 00:35:02.579 --> 00:35:04.079 the things that you need. Right. And when you 00:35:04.079 --> 00:35:06.519 get dehydrated, either through vomiting or diarrhea, 00:35:06.639 --> 00:35:09.440 you also lose some of your, um, what we call 00:35:09.440 --> 00:35:11.920 electrolytes. So sodium, potassium, and they 00:35:11.920 --> 00:35:14.019 are, they are used in all of your body cells, 00:35:14.280 --> 00:35:17.820 your heart. And so you get rid of that. If you're, 00:35:17.820 --> 00:35:20.400 if that gets all messed up, then things don't 00:35:20.400 --> 00:35:22.380 work and it makes you even sicker than you already 00:35:22.380 --> 00:35:25.280 were. So that's, that's, and, and with, if, if, 00:35:25.340 --> 00:35:27.760 if you had a, smaller baby that got that then 00:35:27.760 --> 00:35:29.559 they could that could be that could be harder 00:35:29.559 --> 00:35:31.519 because they can't communicate as well and stuff 00:35:31.519 --> 00:35:34.519 and also yeah so um so those will be my my uh 00:35:34.519 --> 00:35:36.500 it'd be great if babies could talk but they don't 00:35:36.500 --> 00:35:38.639 they don't you just kind of have to assume for 00:35:38.639 --> 00:35:40.559 them i know yeah i think it's one of probably 00:35:40.559 --> 00:35:42.739 the tougher things about treating kids is like 00:35:42.739 --> 00:35:46.000 is that there is that lack of communication like 00:35:46.000 --> 00:35:48.300 imagine you see this this tiny little creature 00:35:48.300 --> 00:35:51.699 suffering yes and you with an adult they can 00:35:51.699 --> 00:35:53.780 either say my stomach hurts or this hurts but 00:35:53.780 --> 00:35:55.300 like they're just crying and so you just kind 00:35:55.300 --> 00:35:59.679 of have to assume okay what can i do here i imagine 00:35:59.679 --> 00:36:03.000 just as a pediatrician hats go off to our pediatricians 00:36:03.000 --> 00:36:04.840 out there but like yeah it's amazing to treat 00:36:04.840 --> 00:36:06.639 people who can't communicate effectively right 00:36:06.639 --> 00:36:08.380 or parents you know figuring out what to do with 00:36:08.380 --> 00:36:13.320 their kiddo absolutely yeah so um so in in in 00:36:13.320 --> 00:36:17.800 developing countries um uh kiddos can be vitamin 00:36:17.800 --> 00:36:24.599 a deficient And vitamin A deficiency can occur 00:36:24.599 --> 00:36:28.760 with, well, maybe not vitamin A deficiency, but 00:36:28.760 --> 00:36:33.420 the measles virus can lower serum vitamin A levels. 00:36:33.500 --> 00:36:36.980 And vitamin A is... part of the immune response. 00:36:37.360 --> 00:36:40.400 So if you have vitamin A deficiency, then giving 00:36:40.400 --> 00:36:42.619 vitamin A is also recommended, but we don't have 00:36:42.619 --> 00:36:44.440 to do that a whole lot in our country because 00:36:44.440 --> 00:36:46.800 we don't have a lot of vitamin A deficiency here. 00:36:46.920 --> 00:36:49.840 Fun fact, it's also vitamin A is important for 00:36:49.840 --> 00:36:52.199 developing proper eyesight, which also helps 00:36:52.199 --> 00:36:54.960 lead to not being blind. Yes. So there's actually 00:36:54.960 --> 00:36:57.659 this really, if anyone's interested in donating 00:36:57.659 --> 00:37:00.659 to a great charity, there's this great charity 00:37:00.659 --> 00:37:03.989 called givewell .org. Head there right now. And 00:37:03.989 --> 00:37:06.369 they provide vitamin A supplementation to kids 00:37:06.369 --> 00:37:09.250 specifically in Bangladesh who specifically go 00:37:09.250 --> 00:37:11.590 through this condition. So you give them extra 00:37:11.590 --> 00:37:13.750 vitamin A to reduce the amount of blindness. 00:37:13.949 --> 00:37:15.550 There you go. That's a great, that's a great. 00:37:15.710 --> 00:37:18.070 Donate 50 bucks this holiday season. There you 00:37:18.070 --> 00:37:23.090 go. So now you may be saying, okay, if we get 00:37:23.090 --> 00:37:27.809 the measles, I mean, is that, what can we do? 00:37:28.050 --> 00:37:30.150 I mean, I don't think I really want to get this 00:37:30.150 --> 00:37:33.530 disease. So amazingly. There is prevention, and 00:37:33.530 --> 00:37:36.210 primarily prevention is going to be in the form 00:37:36.210 --> 00:37:40.030 of a vaccine. And there is, like I said before, 00:37:40.329 --> 00:37:43.309 if you become immune to the measles virus, you 00:37:43.309 --> 00:37:46.670 are typically considered immune for life. There 00:37:46.670 --> 00:37:50.889 are some certain caveats to that. If you have 00:37:50.889 --> 00:37:54.949 an autoimmune disorder or an immune deficiency, 00:37:55.349 --> 00:37:59.619 that could... you might not necessarily be immune 00:37:59.619 --> 00:38:02.940 for life. But most of us who have had it or have 00:38:02.940 --> 00:38:05.619 been vaccinated will be immune for life. It's 00:38:05.619 --> 00:38:07.940 mainly due to that because it has that one antigenic 00:38:07.940 --> 00:38:08.880 type. Just that one antigenic type. So there's 00:38:08.880 --> 00:38:10.960 not a lot of variability there. Right, right. 00:38:12.930 --> 00:38:15.510 I'm going to talk first of all about the vaccination 00:38:15.510 --> 00:38:19.010 process just in general. So it's a live attenuated 00:38:19.010 --> 00:38:21.869 vaccine. There are a lot of vaccines that are 00:38:21.869 --> 00:38:25.630 killed vaccines, but the measles vaccine as well 00:38:25.630 --> 00:38:29.130 as mumps and rubella are what we call a live 00:38:29.130 --> 00:38:32.010 attenuated vaccine. So it means it's got a portion 00:38:32.010 --> 00:38:35.230 of the virus, but not the whole virus. And it's 00:38:35.230 --> 00:38:40.250 killed, but it's... So it's weakened, but it 00:38:40.250 --> 00:38:43.510 will cause your body to have an antibody response. 00:38:43.710 --> 00:38:47.269 So the antigen is the virus. It's the thing that's 00:38:47.269 --> 00:38:49.570 attacking your body. The antibody is going to 00:38:49.570 --> 00:38:51.670 be the thing that your body has to fight it off. 00:38:51.829 --> 00:38:54.030 And so you put this little bit of killed vaccine 00:38:54.030 --> 00:38:57.309 or live attenuated vaccine into your body and 00:38:57.309 --> 00:38:59.530 it mounts this antibody response so that when 00:38:59.530 --> 00:39:04.079 if you get. If your body is faced with the real 00:39:04.079 --> 00:39:07.539 virus, it will already have the defense mechanisms 00:39:07.539 --> 00:39:11.179 in place to fight that virus off. Yeah, and just 00:39:11.179 --> 00:39:14.800 as a reminder, this is the exact same process 00:39:14.800 --> 00:39:17.239 that happens when you get infected with measles. 00:39:17.440 --> 00:39:22.440 But with vaccines, we have dosed it out to give 00:39:22.440 --> 00:39:26.460 the proper dosage to provide an adequate immune 00:39:26.460 --> 00:39:30.590 response without causing excess harm. And mom 00:39:30.590 --> 00:39:32.570 can speak to this more about, I think that happens 00:39:32.570 --> 00:39:35.130 in phase two clinical trials when you figure 00:39:35.130 --> 00:39:40.570 out what dose needs to. Yes. Mostly the first 00:39:40.570 --> 00:39:43.489 phase one trials are usually looking to see what 00:39:43.489 --> 00:39:45.590 kind of adverse effects you're going to have 00:39:45.590 --> 00:39:47.829 and if it's toxic or not. And yes, then you can 00:39:47.829 --> 00:39:50.429 do dose ranging studies after that as well. Yeah, 00:39:50.449 --> 00:39:53.949 because when you get infected with a virus, it 00:39:53.949 --> 00:39:56.989 wants to give you as much antigen as possible 00:39:56.989 --> 00:39:59.989 because it wants to replicate itself. But for 00:39:59.989 --> 00:40:01.889 us, we've just learned like, well, if you just 00:40:01.889 --> 00:40:04.170 give it a little bit, just enough so that it 00:40:04.170 --> 00:40:06.710 simulates an immune response without any of these 00:40:06.710 --> 00:40:09.210 other things that we discussed, like any of the 00:40:09.210 --> 00:40:12.250 encephalopathies or any of the fevers or things 00:40:12.250 --> 00:40:15.929 like that, that is the goal of giving someone 00:40:15.929 --> 00:40:20.829 a proper working vaccine so that you can basically 00:40:20.829 --> 00:40:24.119 get the same outcome without the harm. Or lesser 00:40:24.119 --> 00:40:29.380 harm, we should say. And so as investigators 00:40:29.380 --> 00:40:34.179 have looked at the response to vaccination with 00:40:34.179 --> 00:40:37.619 the measles vaccine, initially it was a one -dose 00:40:37.619 --> 00:40:41.780 vaccine, but it's now a two -dose series. So 00:40:41.780 --> 00:40:45.380 you give the first dose when babies are 12 to 00:40:45.380 --> 00:40:49.500 15 months of age. And it's administered in combination 00:40:49.500 --> 00:40:53.840 with mumps and rubella. So kiddos need less shots, 00:40:54.260 --> 00:40:56.079 you know, primarily. And rubella is the German 00:40:56.079 --> 00:40:58.079 measles, right? Yes. We mentioned earlier. Yes, 00:40:58.119 --> 00:41:01.440 they're all different viruses, but they've been 00:41:01.440 --> 00:41:04.940 common in childhood and have been, you know, 00:41:04.960 --> 00:41:07.920 almost eradicated because of the vaccine movement 00:41:07.920 --> 00:41:11.460 and stuff. And then you give the second dose 00:41:11.460 --> 00:41:13.559 when the kiddo is four to six years of age. And 00:41:13.559 --> 00:41:17.460 after you've had both of these doses of the measles, 00:41:17.460 --> 00:41:20.760 mumps, rubella vaccine, then you, I think it's 00:41:20.760 --> 00:41:27.699 95 % or 99%, it's 99 % effective against these 00:41:27.699 --> 00:41:31.139 viruses after that second vaccine. The other 00:41:31.139 --> 00:41:34.260 thing too, is that dose two of the measles vaccine 00:41:34.260 --> 00:41:38.360 can be given with mumps and rubella. only or 00:41:38.360 --> 00:41:41.340 with that second dose get also be given in conjunction 00:41:41.340 --> 00:41:44.360 with varicella which is the chicken pox so to 00:41:44.360 --> 00:41:46.739 again to minimize the number of sticks or shots 00:41:46.739 --> 00:41:48.619 that your baby has there your kiddo needs yeah 00:41:48.619 --> 00:41:50.659 i know a lot of people are are sensitive to that 00:41:50.659 --> 00:41:54.179 as well um and i think the reason we give multiple 00:41:54.179 --> 00:41:57.539 shots to very much similar like the covid boosters 00:41:57.539 --> 00:42:00.219 was like you essentially want to have a certain 00:42:00.219 --> 00:42:02.719 there's a benefit to spacing them out because 00:42:02.719 --> 00:42:05.320 it gives your body a chance to kind of like mount 00:42:05.320 --> 00:42:08.760 a better you know, immune response, like almost 00:42:08.760 --> 00:42:12.500 like giving, you know, 15 micrograms of antigen 00:42:12.500 --> 00:42:14.880 all at once doesn't seem to be as good as giving 00:42:14.880 --> 00:42:17.579 10 in the first one and five in the second one. 00:42:17.659 --> 00:42:20.440 This combination effect seems to provide a better. 00:42:20.880 --> 00:42:23.219 immune response and that's another reason too 00:42:23.219 --> 00:42:27.500 for this second dose for these um the to to combat 00:42:27.500 --> 00:42:30.800 um an antibody response for these viruses is 00:42:30.800 --> 00:42:33.500 that if you did potentially have a failure to 00:42:33.500 --> 00:42:36.559 that first dose then if you're giving this second 00:42:36.559 --> 00:42:40.280 dose like amps up your immune system and you're 00:42:40.280 --> 00:42:42.239 able to to get to get that taking a sniff or 00:42:42.239 --> 00:42:44.440 something be like what was that and then a second 00:42:44.440 --> 00:42:46.840 sniff would be like oh that's the chicken there 00:42:46.840 --> 00:42:53.750 you go there you go so um So anyway, so there 00:42:53.750 --> 00:42:57.289 are adults that can get the measles if they have 00:42:57.289 --> 00:43:00.889 somehow, you know, been not immunized and didn't 00:43:00.889 --> 00:43:06.849 get the disease for whatever reason. So the recommendation 00:43:06.849 --> 00:43:11.829 for immunization in an adult that is unvaccinated 00:43:11.829 --> 00:43:15.610 is one dose if they were born before or after 00:43:15.610 --> 00:43:18.769 1957, if they don't have any evidence of measles 00:43:18.769 --> 00:43:23.980 immunity. But if you are a student that's going 00:43:23.980 --> 00:43:28.360 to college or an adult that's going to college 00:43:28.360 --> 00:43:30.760 or if you're going to be traveling internationally 00:43:30.760 --> 00:43:35.260 or if you are a health care personnel, if you 00:43:35.260 --> 00:43:38.699 are part of the health care personnel or you're 00:43:38.699 --> 00:43:43.320 a military person, then in those categories, 00:43:43.639 --> 00:43:48.909 it's a two -dose. vaccine recommendation just 00:43:48.909 --> 00:43:51.530 to make sure that you're vaccinated. Because 00:43:51.530 --> 00:43:53.949 again, you think about why kiddos that go to 00:43:53.949 --> 00:43:55.250 college, because again, you're thinking about 00:43:55.250 --> 00:43:58.110 living in the dorm, closed spaces, and it's just 00:43:58.110 --> 00:44:01.030 easier for those viruses to be transmitted. So 00:44:01.030 --> 00:44:06.369 you want to protect your kiddo. So, you know, 00:44:06.369 --> 00:44:10.860 like Josh said. Primarily, the vaccine has minimal 00:44:10.860 --> 00:44:13.659 adverse effects. It might have a little bit of 00:44:13.659 --> 00:44:15.960 an effect that looks kind of like the disease, 00:44:16.239 --> 00:44:18.260 but it's not going to be like the disease because 00:44:18.260 --> 00:44:22.579 you could have a little bit of fever. Up to 66 00:44:22.579 --> 00:44:25.800 % of patients may have fever, but that can be 00:44:25.800 --> 00:44:28.820 combated with a dose of Tylenol or ibuprofen 00:44:28.820 --> 00:44:31.460 after you get the vaccine, and it's short -lived. 00:44:31.900 --> 00:44:34.139 You can have soreness or redness or pain at the 00:44:34.139 --> 00:44:37.159 injection site, which is common for most of our 00:44:37.159 --> 00:44:39.780 patients. immunizations. You could have a mild 00:44:39.780 --> 00:44:43.019 rash. You could have a little bit of pain or 00:44:43.019 --> 00:44:45.199 stiffness in your joints. And you could have 00:44:45.199 --> 00:44:47.219 loss of appetite, irritability, or drowsiness. 00:44:47.340 --> 00:44:49.000 Those are the main things that you might see 00:44:49.000 --> 00:44:53.260 after it. It's short -lived. And it's just a, 00:44:53.280 --> 00:44:57.260 I guess this is maybe a personal opinion, but 00:44:57.260 --> 00:45:01.650 it's like, it's a better. adverse effect outcome 00:45:01.650 --> 00:45:04.510 than what the disease causes itself. I think 00:45:04.510 --> 00:45:06.489 the kids gets a lot sicker, you know, with the, 00:45:06.489 --> 00:45:08.409 with the disease than they do with after they 00:45:08.409 --> 00:45:10.389 get the immunization. Yeah. I think that's such 00:45:10.389 --> 00:45:12.329 a, it's a point that we talk about all the time 00:45:12.329 --> 00:45:17.230 is that there's no such thing as a pure solution. 00:45:17.449 --> 00:45:19.630 Like if, if there are no side effects, there 00:45:19.630 --> 00:45:22.969 are no effects. And every time we're talking 00:45:22.969 --> 00:45:25.389 about health, we're always talking about trade 00:45:25.389 --> 00:45:29.659 -offs. And I think I think everybody's definition 00:45:29.659 --> 00:45:32.760 of how they want trade -offs in health to be 00:45:32.760 --> 00:45:34.920 in this country is going to be very different. 00:45:36.300 --> 00:45:43.380 But at the end of the day, I always like to think 00:45:43.380 --> 00:45:46.980 about driving and cars and safety and that when 00:45:46.980 --> 00:45:49.280 I think about coming into contact with infectious 00:45:49.280 --> 00:45:52.079 diseases. Most of the time when you get in the 00:45:52.079 --> 00:45:54.539 car, you're not going to get in a car crash. 00:45:55.130 --> 00:45:57.769 You know, so you might think, why do I need to 00:45:57.769 --> 00:45:59.829 put on this seatbelt? Like, why have airbags? 00:45:59.989 --> 00:46:03.409 Like, why have this, you know, really rigid frame? 00:46:03.570 --> 00:46:05.610 You know, like, but there's going to be that 00:46:05.610 --> 00:46:08.210 one time that you wish you did have those things. 00:46:08.530 --> 00:46:11.250 And most of the time, it does not behoove you 00:46:11.250 --> 00:46:14.409 to do all those things. But that one in a thousand 00:46:14.409 --> 00:46:17.880 chance. I think that's the thing that it's hard 00:46:17.880 --> 00:46:19.860 for people to think about, including myself. 00:46:20.139 --> 00:46:21.960 I think we always think that we're either part 00:46:21.960 --> 00:46:23.760 of the majority or the exception to the rule, 00:46:23.880 --> 00:46:25.659 whether you're playing the lottery or you're 00:46:25.659 --> 00:46:29.639 avoiding a bad disease. But just like my mom 00:46:29.639 --> 00:46:34.099 said, if your insurance company is paying you 00:46:34.099 --> 00:46:36.860 or your healthcare provider for a vaccine, so 00:46:36.860 --> 00:46:40.239 it's already covered by your insurance or I think 00:46:40.239 --> 00:46:42.019 even, I don't know if you pay for a vaccine out 00:46:42.019 --> 00:46:44.260 of pocket, it's probably between 50 to 100 bucks. 00:46:44.960 --> 00:46:47.739 But comparing that to potentially going to the 00:46:47.739 --> 00:46:49.800 hospital and having to deal with all of these 00:46:49.800 --> 00:46:51.420 complications, they're going to definitely be 00:46:51.420 --> 00:46:54.400 so much more expensive and potentially life altering 00:46:54.400 --> 00:46:57.699 or threatening. So I think at the end of the 00:46:57.699 --> 00:46:59.639 day, you always have to ask yourself that question. 00:46:59.780 --> 00:47:02.820 Like, am I going to play the odds on this? And 00:47:02.820 --> 00:47:06.139 especially when it seems like there's very little 00:47:06.139 --> 00:47:08.760 evidence to suggest that the harm of the vaccine 00:47:08.760 --> 00:47:11.219 exceeds the harm of the measles virus itself. 00:47:11.800 --> 00:47:14.360 It's your choice. We're just giving you informed 00:47:14.360 --> 00:47:16.159 consent, and then you go and make a decision 00:47:16.159 --> 00:47:20.239 for yourself. These diseases, especially measles, 00:47:20.320 --> 00:47:23.179 are no joke. I think we live in a time where 00:47:23.179 --> 00:47:26.519 we have the luxury of asking ourselves, why do 00:47:26.519 --> 00:47:28.360 we need to worry about this? Because we work 00:47:28.360 --> 00:47:31.579 so hard to try to eradicate it. It's interesting 00:47:31.579 --> 00:47:33.420 to live in a time where we have to talk about 00:47:33.420 --> 00:47:37.940 this again. Again, it's an interesting question 00:47:37.940 --> 00:47:41.019 because it ends up conflicting between individual 00:47:41.760 --> 00:47:46.059 versus collective health. Even though you might 00:47:46.059 --> 00:47:48.059 not want to vaccinate yourself or your child, 00:47:48.280 --> 00:47:51.280 does that mean that now you have the ability 00:47:51.280 --> 00:47:54.880 to infect my immunocompromised child? It gets 00:47:54.880 --> 00:47:57.769 these really interesting trade -offs. how we 00:47:57.769 --> 00:48:00.829 decide what what healthy means in an individual 00:48:00.829 --> 00:48:03.929 uh sense or in a collective sense and i think 00:48:03.929 --> 00:48:07.130 too remember these vaccines are going to be primarily 00:48:07.130 --> 00:48:10.550 administered in a pediatrician or a family medicine 00:48:10.550 --> 00:48:13.269 offices they these are not the vaccines that 00:48:13.269 --> 00:48:15.150 you go to the pharmacy and get per se because 00:48:15.150 --> 00:48:18.230 pharmacists can vaccinate kiddos young young 00:48:18.230 --> 00:48:22.090 kiddos and stuff they can do oh golly pharmacists 00:48:22.090 --> 00:48:24.929 and i don't but i never did it myself maybe they're 00:48:24.929 --> 00:48:27.590 12 maybe they're 10 i have to look that up as 00:48:27.590 --> 00:48:29.269 far as what the age as far as when a pharmacist 00:48:29.269 --> 00:48:31.710 can give a vaccination but it's not babies and 00:48:31.710 --> 00:48:34.210 stuff so um so usually get those vaccines in 00:48:34.210 --> 00:48:36.070 the pediatrician's office or the family medicine 00:48:37.960 --> 00:48:41.099 And so that's a conversation that you could have 00:48:41.099 --> 00:48:43.420 with your healthcare provider as far as just 00:48:43.420 --> 00:48:45.880 the risks and benefits to your baby, your kiddo. 00:48:45.900 --> 00:48:49.860 Excellent. You know, we talked earlier about, 00:48:50.179 --> 00:48:56.639 Josh had a great question and I totally blanked 00:48:56.639 --> 00:48:58.780 on this, but there are a couple of things you 00:48:58.780 --> 00:49:01.480 can do if you've been exposed to the measles 00:49:01.480 --> 00:49:05.510 and you're not sick yet. And we call it post 00:49:05.510 --> 00:49:08.449 -exposure prophylaxis or post -exposure prevention. 00:49:09.110 --> 00:49:13.070 And this is going to be recommendations for those 00:49:13.070 --> 00:49:16.750 that can't prove that they have immunity to the 00:49:16.750 --> 00:49:19.530 measles virus. The first thing is that you can 00:49:19.530 --> 00:49:23.269 give the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine to the 00:49:23.269 --> 00:49:27.150 individual if you give it within 72 hours of 00:49:27.150 --> 00:49:30.610 being exposed to the measles. The second thing 00:49:30.610 --> 00:49:32.809 that can be done, and this is the thing that 00:49:32.809 --> 00:49:36.949 could be done to a pregnant patient if they have 00:49:36.949 --> 00:49:39.530 been exposed to measles, but they obviously can't 00:49:39.530 --> 00:49:42.170 get the vaccine. The vaccine is not recommended 00:49:42.170 --> 00:49:44.869 for pregnant patients. But you can get something 00:49:44.869 --> 00:49:49.019 called immune globulin or immune. immunoglobulin. 00:49:49.039 --> 00:49:53.380 And it gives you passive immunity. So it can 00:49:53.380 --> 00:49:56.460 be administered, and then it can help mount an 00:49:56.460 --> 00:50:00.619 antibody response within your body to fight against 00:50:00.619 --> 00:50:03.539 the virus if you get it within six days of exposure. 00:50:03.820 --> 00:50:06.719 And the types of people that would get that would 00:50:06.719 --> 00:50:09.340 be those that could get really sick if they got 00:50:09.340 --> 00:50:11.980 measles, including infants six months to less 00:50:11.980 --> 00:50:15.139 than a year of age, pregnant women, or immunocompromised 00:50:15.139 --> 00:50:19.090 individuals. And interestingly, you don't want 00:50:19.090 --> 00:50:23.389 to give the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and 00:50:23.389 --> 00:50:28.650 immunoglobulin together at the same time because 00:50:28.650 --> 00:50:34.449 the antibodies that are in the immunoglobulin 00:50:34.449 --> 00:50:36.829 will interfere with the efficacy of the vaccine. 00:50:37.070 --> 00:50:39.030 Interesting. So they kind of fight against each 00:50:39.030 --> 00:50:42.610 other. Okay. Yeah, it's one or the other. There 00:50:42.610 --> 00:50:44.949 is a little bit of a list of people who should 00:50:44.949 --> 00:50:48.389 not receive the measles vaccine. This is kind 00:50:48.389 --> 00:50:53.429 of the standard thing for anything. It's like 00:50:53.429 --> 00:50:55.210 if you've had an allergic reaction to it before, 00:50:55.250 --> 00:50:57.610 then you're not going to give it again. Pregnant 00:50:57.610 --> 00:50:59.989 patients should not get it. And you want to avoid 00:50:59.989 --> 00:51:02.610 getting pregnant within one month of getting 00:51:02.610 --> 00:51:05.989 the MMR vaccine. Anybody with a weakened immune 00:51:05.989 --> 00:51:09.380 system. I thought this was really interesting. 00:51:09.900 --> 00:51:12.579 Anybody that has a condition that makes them 00:51:12.579 --> 00:51:17.079 bruise or bleed easily because the vaccination 00:51:17.079 --> 00:51:21.099 can cause a transient lowering of your platelet 00:51:21.099 --> 00:51:23.440 count within four to six weeks of getting it. 00:51:23.559 --> 00:51:25.840 So if you already have an issue that causes you 00:51:25.840 --> 00:51:28.739 to bruise or bleed easily, you don't want lowered 00:51:28.739 --> 00:51:33.670 platelets. I don't know the incidence of the 00:51:33.670 --> 00:51:35.369 number of people this would affect. I feel like 00:51:35.369 --> 00:51:38.150 it's got to be hemophiliacs. It could be hemophiliacs. 00:51:38.150 --> 00:51:40.650 People who just can't clot well or vitamin K 00:51:40.650 --> 00:51:43.449 deficiency. There's got to be pretty far and 00:51:43.449 --> 00:51:47.289 few people. But something to be aware of. If 00:51:47.289 --> 00:51:50.210 you've had a blood transfusion or a blood product. 00:51:52.210 --> 00:51:56.369 Within three months, you want to avoid that because 00:51:56.369 --> 00:51:58.849 the antibodies in a blood product can reduce 00:51:58.849 --> 00:52:02.909 the vaccine effectiveness. Same to anybody with 00:52:02.909 --> 00:52:07.110 tuberculosis or anybody who's feeling unwell 00:52:07.110 --> 00:52:09.250 or who's really sick, you don't want to get it. 00:52:09.329 --> 00:52:11.570 And anybody who's received a vaccine within the 00:52:11.570 --> 00:52:13.650 last four weeks, you want to give your body time 00:52:13.650 --> 00:52:16.309 to mount immune responses to the different vaccines. 00:52:17.019 --> 00:52:19.280 And then anybody with a history of febrile seizures, 00:52:19.480 --> 00:52:24.840 it's thought that there's a small incidence of 00:52:24.840 --> 00:52:27.059 people who could have a febrile seizure after 00:52:27.059 --> 00:52:28.760 the vaccination. So if you have a history of 00:52:28.760 --> 00:52:30.099 febrile seizures, you may not want to get the 00:52:30.099 --> 00:52:34.639 vaccine. We always love to do our, I always love 00:52:34.639 --> 00:52:36.739 looking up our section that we do every time 00:52:36.739 --> 00:52:40.320 when we do this podcast about what are the misunderstandings 00:52:40.320 --> 00:52:43.269 or myths. associated with a particular topic 00:52:43.269 --> 00:52:45.530 that you're talking about today. So measles is 00:52:45.530 --> 00:52:48.769 no different. Tell me about it for this one. 00:52:48.869 --> 00:52:52.570 So the first one that I'm sure everybody is raging 00:52:52.570 --> 00:52:56.369 about is the fact that the measles, mumps, rubella 00:52:56.369 --> 00:52:59.610 vaccine can cause autism. And there have been 00:52:59.610 --> 00:53:04.070 so many... looks at this over, I mean, it's been 00:53:04.070 --> 00:53:08.730 30 some years that they've looked at different 00:53:08.730 --> 00:53:11.989 studies and different assessments of can this 00:53:11.989 --> 00:53:15.210 vaccine cause autism? And there has been no definitive 00:53:15.210 --> 00:53:18.949 evidence that's shown it. There was a large study 00:53:18.949 --> 00:53:22.849 in Danish children. It was over 650 ,000 Danish 00:53:22.849 --> 00:53:25.269 children that was done not too long ago. And 00:53:25.269 --> 00:53:27.550 they found that it did not increase autism risk. 00:53:28.000 --> 00:53:31.039 or trigger autism, and it wasn't associated with 00:53:31.039 --> 00:53:33.519 the clustering of autism cases. So it's been 00:53:33.519 --> 00:53:35.820 looked at so much, and yet I know that people 00:53:35.820 --> 00:53:37.920 want to still, I mean, even recently, want to 00:53:37.920 --> 00:53:41.639 make a connection between this vaccine and autism, 00:53:41.760 --> 00:53:45.280 and it just hasn't been documented. Yeah, I mean, 00:53:45.440 --> 00:53:47.619 this has a really interesting story that we won't 00:53:47.619 --> 00:53:54.239 get into. It really does. go into the realm of 00:53:54.239 --> 00:53:57.920 ideology versus evidence. And I think sometimes 00:53:57.920 --> 00:54:01.039 when you want to believe something really bad, 00:54:01.119 --> 00:54:03.599 you will just try to make something fit. So this 00:54:03.599 --> 00:54:06.500 was a story that was started by this guy named 00:54:06.500 --> 00:54:10.000 Andrew Wakefield back in the mid to late 90s, 00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:12.320 who was a medical doctor actually here in Austin, 00:54:12.440 --> 00:54:16.599 Texas, who basically suggested a potential link 00:54:16.599 --> 00:54:21.130 between the MMR vaccine. It also came out later 00:54:21.130 --> 00:54:23.550 when he published this in The Lancet that the 00:54:23.550 --> 00:54:26.389 data was actually fraudulent and it got retracted. 00:54:26.389 --> 00:54:30.170 Of course, that story didn't make it as big. 00:54:30.349 --> 00:54:32.130 And we've kind of been dealing with the fallout 00:54:32.130 --> 00:54:38.170 ever since. And the thing about autism, it's 00:54:38.170 --> 00:54:44.789 a syndrome that has like 80 % genetic link. So 00:54:44.789 --> 00:54:47.510 essentially there's like a... 80 % linked to 00:54:47.510 --> 00:54:50.050 being inherited rather than being environmental. 00:54:50.309 --> 00:54:52.050 And I think a lot of people focus on the fact 00:54:52.050 --> 00:54:53.730 what must be environmental because the rates 00:54:53.730 --> 00:54:56.570 are rising. And a lot of the reasons the rates 00:54:56.570 --> 00:54:59.750 are rising is because the DSM -5, which is the 00:54:59.750 --> 00:55:02.369 manual for psychiatric and psychological disorders, 00:55:02.570 --> 00:55:06.489 basically included things like Asperger's and 00:55:06.489 --> 00:55:12.110 other basically neurological conditions into 00:55:12.110 --> 00:55:15.489 the scope of autism so that they could be diagnosed 00:55:15.489 --> 00:55:17.630 more easily, so that parents could potentially 00:55:17.630 --> 00:55:20.130 get more resources from their insurance companies. 00:55:20.349 --> 00:55:24.050 And I think because that changed, and then the 00:55:24.050 --> 00:55:27.670 vaccination rate, you know, where giving kids 00:55:27.670 --> 00:55:30.630 vaccines also went up, there's like correlation, 00:55:30.929 --> 00:55:33.150 but correlation does not equal causation. And 00:55:33.150 --> 00:55:35.190 there's so many great graphs out there to show 00:55:35.190 --> 00:55:38.030 that. But as mom says, like, you would expect 00:55:38.030 --> 00:55:42.460 to see All over the world, this happening, not 00:55:42.460 --> 00:55:44.579 just in the United States, but happening in Denmark. 00:55:45.039 --> 00:55:48.179 And so our DSM is different from Denmark's DSM. 00:55:48.360 --> 00:55:52.659 So again, this is going to boil down to what 00:55:52.659 --> 00:55:56.719 I think personally is like, do you trust the 00:55:56.719 --> 00:56:00.880 system that we are in, which is evidence -based, 00:56:00.920 --> 00:56:03.380 constantly correcting for our mistakes, working 00:56:03.380 --> 00:56:05.139 with the government, working with pharmaceutical 00:56:05.139 --> 00:56:08.670 companies to come up with tested? You know, hypotheses 00:56:08.670 --> 00:56:15.170 or do you just think that the world is a very 00:56:15.170 --> 00:56:17.809 broken place full of environmental toxins put 00:56:17.809 --> 00:56:20.570 there by large corporations to make you sick? 00:56:20.750 --> 00:56:24.710 And people now in our highest ranks of government 00:56:24.710 --> 00:56:29.030 really do believe that. And so even though there's 00:56:29.030 --> 00:56:31.989 very, there's almost no evidence to suggest this 00:56:31.989 --> 00:56:35.849 link, it now persists. It's really unfortunate 00:56:35.849 --> 00:56:39.210 because I think we're going to see more kids 00:56:39.210 --> 00:56:42.829 especially get measles because of this. Unfortunately, 00:56:43.170 --> 00:56:46.570 more kids might die or have permanent disabilities 00:56:46.570 --> 00:56:50.090 because of it. It's just because of this myth 00:56:50.090 --> 00:56:57.010 won't die. We want to communicate a sensitivity 00:56:57.010 --> 00:57:00.369 towards anyone that has a kiddo that is autistic. 00:57:01.530 --> 00:57:06.090 I have not had to walk that path, but I know 00:57:06.090 --> 00:57:09.449 that, you know, I know that the question would 00:57:09.449 --> 00:57:12.650 be why, you know, how did this happen? And I 00:57:12.650 --> 00:57:15.329 know that different avenues are explored to figure 00:57:15.329 --> 00:57:20.429 out what is the reason. And sometimes, you know, 00:57:20.469 --> 00:57:24.219 particularly like... Definitive reason may not 00:57:24.219 --> 00:57:27.159 be able to be determined, but they've done enough 00:57:27.159 --> 00:57:31.679 work with at least this vaccine combination that 00:57:31.679 --> 00:57:35.400 it doesn't appear that the evidence is really 00:57:35.400 --> 00:57:39.150 strong against that. That was much more polite 00:57:39.150 --> 00:57:44.230 than mine. So we'll go to the next myth. So I 00:57:44.230 --> 00:57:46.730 thought this was interesting. The spread of measles 00:57:46.730 --> 00:57:49.869 can be controlled with proper sanitation. Now, 00:57:49.869 --> 00:57:51.849 there are some things that you can control with 00:57:51.849 --> 00:57:55.570 proper sanitation, like cholera, which is a foodborne 00:57:55.570 --> 00:57:57.909 illness or things that happen in dirty water, 00:57:58.070 --> 00:58:01.510 contaminated water, typhoid, but not the measles. 00:58:02.010 --> 00:58:04.090 We've talked about how this virus gets spread. 00:58:06.670 --> 00:58:15.530 Proper sanitation and, oh my gosh, pardon me. 00:58:16.409 --> 00:58:21.130 Supportive therapy is recommended. It will not 00:58:21.130 --> 00:58:23.690 prevent getting the measles if you wash your 00:58:23.690 --> 00:58:26.030 hands and keep your counters clean. I mean, that's 00:58:26.030 --> 00:58:28.289 good to do anyway, but it won't prevent it. But 00:58:28.289 --> 00:58:30.550 it's because it's spread by droplets and breathing 00:58:30.550 --> 00:58:33.789 other people's air. Right. The third one is that 00:58:33.789 --> 00:58:38.019 the... The measles mumps rubella vaccine does 00:58:38.019 --> 00:58:40.980 not prevent serious illness and death. That the 00:58:40.980 --> 00:58:43.800 number of measles. deaths dropped long before 00:58:43.800 --> 00:58:45.940 the vaccine was introduced and it is no longer 00:58:45.940 --> 00:58:47.860 deadly. Well, we've already talked about that, 00:58:47.880 --> 00:58:50.460 that that's not necessarily the case. The measles 00:58:50.460 --> 00:58:52.679 vaccine does prevent thousands of deaths every 00:58:52.679 --> 00:58:56.599 year worldwide. The number of measles deaths 00:58:56.599 --> 00:58:59.179 may have begun to decrease before the vaccine 00:58:59.179 --> 00:59:01.980 was introduced, but that was due to improvements 00:59:01.980 --> 00:59:04.780 in treatment of things that happened to patients 00:59:04.780 --> 00:59:06.719 who got sick with the measles and then had a 00:59:06.719 --> 00:59:08.519 complication like knowing how to treat pneumonia 00:59:08.519 --> 00:59:12.840 or things like that. serious illness and death 00:59:12.840 --> 00:59:14.900 from measles, it still can happen regularly. 00:59:15.119 --> 00:59:17.519 And in the 10 years before the vaccine was available, 00:59:17.840 --> 00:59:21.840 about 500 United States measles -related deaths 00:59:21.840 --> 00:59:24.940 happened and reported to the Centers for Disease 00:59:24.940 --> 00:59:27.860 Control every year. And since the vaccine has 00:59:27.860 --> 00:59:30.360 been developed, the U .S. measles -related deaths 00:59:30.360 --> 00:59:33.159 have been increasingly rare because the vaccine 00:59:33.159 --> 00:59:34.860 has prevented people from getting the measles 00:59:34.860 --> 00:59:37.880 in the first place. There was a really interesting 00:59:37.880 --> 00:59:40.860 study that was pointed out by this great YouTuber 00:59:40.860 --> 00:59:43.559 named Debunk the Funk. Shout out Debunk the Funk 00:59:43.559 --> 00:59:49.079 for giving great information. But to this very 00:59:49.079 --> 00:59:50.860 question, it was really interesting, because 00:59:50.860 --> 00:59:54.119 a lot of people will say, well, measles is going 00:59:54.119 --> 00:59:56.500 away to begin with. We didn't really need the 00:59:56.500 --> 00:59:58.800 vaccine because we had sanitation. So there was 00:59:58.800 --> 01:00:01.960 this great paper that was published. Well, did 01:00:01.960 --> 01:00:04.579 the vaccination actually make a difference? Because 01:00:04.579 --> 01:00:07.239 different countries got access to the measles 01:00:07.239 --> 01:00:09.920 vaccines at different times. So if you look at 01:00:09.920 --> 01:00:11.679 a country like Denmark, I think they did Denmark, 01:00:11.900 --> 01:00:14.199 Sweden, and the United States, and they both 01:00:14.199 --> 01:00:16.619 rolled out their measles vaccines at different 01:00:16.619 --> 01:00:19.039 time. And their time lagged, you know, basically 01:00:19.039 --> 01:00:21.119 because they got it at different times. And like 01:00:21.119 --> 01:00:23.239 mom said at the beginning of this episode, measles 01:00:23.239 --> 01:00:25.219 is very seasonal, you know, depending on when 01:00:25.219 --> 01:00:27.320 you're kind of all going inside and you're breathing 01:00:27.320 --> 01:00:29.519 each other's air. So you do kind of see this 01:00:29.519 --> 01:00:32.480 roller coaster of a, you know, increasing cases, 01:00:32.539 --> 01:00:34.780 decreasing cases, very much like we saw in COVID 01:00:34.780 --> 01:00:37.719 as well, depending on the time of year. But once 01:00:37.719 --> 01:00:41.420 you saw the vaccination get introduced, the cases 01:00:41.420 --> 01:00:44.119 dropped off a cliff. They just took this nosedive 01:00:44.119 --> 01:00:47.400 almost down to zero. And you could see by year 01:00:47.400 --> 01:00:49.840 and when the vaccine was rolled out for each 01:00:49.840 --> 01:00:52.320 country that it went down to zero. So just like 01:00:52.320 --> 01:00:54.199 mom said, even though these outcomes were getting 01:00:54.199 --> 01:00:56.500 better due to treatment and treating some of 01:00:56.500 --> 01:00:59.340 those like secondary infections because the measles 01:00:59.340 --> 01:01:02.280 does wipe out your immune system, those cases 01:01:02.280 --> 01:01:04.559 almost went to zero because of the vaccine efforts. 01:01:04.679 --> 01:01:07.559 And you can see that on a time lag and on different 01:01:07.559 --> 01:01:09.039 countries as well, which I thought was a really 01:01:09.039 --> 01:01:15.050 cool. That's cool. And, you know, in June. Ingenuitive? 01:01:15.050 --> 01:01:18.070 Intuitive? It's not intuitive. Ingenuity. Yeah, 01:01:18.110 --> 01:01:19.849 ingenuity. I don't know if you know that's a 01:01:19.849 --> 01:01:22.769 word. I don't know if it was ingenuitive. I don't 01:01:22.769 --> 01:01:24.710 know if that's a word or not either. It was a 01:01:24.710 --> 01:01:28.190 fun study. It was a very fun way to figure that 01:01:28.190 --> 01:01:31.849 out. Okay. So to piggyback on that, worldwide 01:01:31.849 --> 01:01:37.409 from 2000 to 2016, we saw an 84. percent decrease 01:01:37.409 --> 01:01:41.710 in measles deaths worldwide, with 20 million 01:01:41.710 --> 01:01:46.389 deaths prevented. And then, so what we saw before 01:01:46.389 --> 01:01:49.190 the vaccine was that there were about 600 ,000 01:01:49.190 --> 01:01:53.489 cases reported yearly. This was in the mid -1950s 01:01:53.489 --> 01:01:57.510 to 63 cases reported in 2010. So the vaccine 01:01:57.510 --> 01:02:01.670 does really work. The next myth is that measles 01:02:01.670 --> 01:02:04.760 vaccine can be deadly. There have been no deaths 01:02:04.760 --> 01:02:07.079 shown to be related to the vaccine in healthy 01:02:07.079 --> 01:02:10.000 people. There have been rare cases of deaths 01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:12.000 from vaccine side effects among children who 01:02:12.000 --> 01:02:14.320 are immune compromised. And so that is the reason 01:02:14.320 --> 01:02:16.699 why the vaccine is not recommended for use in 01:02:16.699 --> 01:02:20.440 immunocompromised children. And you can have 01:02:20.440 --> 01:02:23.340 side effects from the vaccine, but usually it's 01:02:23.340 --> 01:02:27.380 not death. And the last myth that we have is 01:02:27.380 --> 01:02:30.300 that the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine can 01:02:30.300 --> 01:02:33.159 cause the measles. And it does not cause the 01:02:33.159 --> 01:02:36.159 measles. It is made from a live virus. The virus 01:02:36.159 --> 01:02:39.139 is weakened so that it doesn't cause the disease, 01:02:39.320 --> 01:02:42.159 but it rather causes your immune system to recognize 01:02:42.159 --> 01:02:45.219 the virus and develop immunity to it. And because 01:02:45.219 --> 01:02:48.320 the immune system gets... gets fired up, you 01:02:48.320 --> 01:02:51.199 may have some mild symptoms that look like the 01:02:51.199 --> 01:02:53.099 measles disease. But we've talked about this 01:02:53.099 --> 01:02:55.639 itself. It's not the disease itself. So you could 01:02:55.639 --> 01:02:58.199 have, like we talked about a little fever, a 01:02:58.199 --> 01:03:02.239 little malaise, a little irritability for a baby, 01:03:02.320 --> 01:03:04.599 but it's, it's very short lived compared to the 01:03:04.599 --> 01:03:06.460 disease. I always say it's like, that's the sign 01:03:06.460 --> 01:03:08.639 of your immune system working. It's just like, 01:03:08.679 --> 01:03:11.019 it's learning what it's responding to. And I 01:03:11.019 --> 01:03:13.900 know a lot of people think, oh, the vaccine makes 01:03:13.900 --> 01:03:17.760 me sick. It's like it. all you're doing is triggering 01:03:17.760 --> 01:03:20.739 an immune response. And because people are so 01:03:20.739 --> 01:03:23.820 different, like if I got a vaccine versus you 01:03:23.820 --> 01:03:27.199 got a vaccine, because we're both humans, but 01:03:27.199 --> 01:03:31.119 our physiology might be different that the antigen 01:03:31.119 --> 01:03:33.679 that I get in one vaccine might promote a milder 01:03:33.679 --> 01:03:35.420 response opposed to you, which might a greater 01:03:35.420 --> 01:03:39.019 response. So just like I, you know, this is such 01:03:39.019 --> 01:03:41.590 a terrible analogy, but my brother. can handle 01:03:41.590 --> 01:03:44.510 hot sauce like it's nobody's business. And he 01:03:44.510 --> 01:03:47.369 makes his own spicy mayo because it's not hot 01:03:47.369 --> 01:03:50.110 enough. If you give me a tenth of what he consumes, 01:03:50.289 --> 01:03:52.170 I will think that is way too much, even though 01:03:52.170 --> 01:03:55.170 he's my brother. So for some reason, his capsaicin 01:03:55.170 --> 01:03:57.170 receptors, which is the molecule for spiciness, 01:03:57.289 --> 01:04:02.230 FYI, and he just is so much more tolerant, even 01:04:02.230 --> 01:04:05.130 though we're 50 % related to one another. So 01:04:05.130 --> 01:04:07.070 just imagine that you're giving the same vaccine 01:04:07.070 --> 01:04:10.320 or the same medication to multiple people. You're 01:04:10.320 --> 01:04:12.800 obviously going to get different responses. But 01:04:12.800 --> 01:04:14.400 the thing that you really don't want is you want 01:04:14.400 --> 01:04:17.199 to give an actual virus to somebody because that 01:04:17.199 --> 01:04:20.159 virus just wants to replicate over and over and 01:04:20.159 --> 01:04:24.219 over again. Absolutely. So to wrap up our talk 01:04:24.219 --> 01:04:26.519 about measles today, I wanted to just bring it 01:04:26.519 --> 01:04:30.199 to a close with some key takeaways. The first 01:04:30.199 --> 01:04:32.659 is that measles is a highly contagious virus 01:04:32.659 --> 01:04:36.239 and it's primarily a childhood virus and it's 01:04:36.239 --> 01:04:39.159 seen a resurgence. in the United States in recent 01:04:39.159 --> 01:04:41.000 years, as we talked about, due to a little bit 01:04:41.000 --> 01:04:43.519 of vaccine hesitancy or unvaccinated kiddos. 01:04:44.119 --> 01:04:47.019 It's spread primarily through respiratory droplets 01:04:47.019 --> 01:04:50.219 with a variety of systemic symptoms that usually 01:04:50.219 --> 01:04:54.139 last up to 14 days. Supportive therapy is used 01:04:54.139 --> 01:04:57.619 to treat measles cases, but measles vaccine in 01:04:57.619 --> 01:05:01.039 combination with the mumps, rubella, and varicella 01:05:02.989 --> 01:05:06.409 vaccines as well is optimal to prevent measles 01:05:06.409 --> 01:05:09.989 cases and potential complications. Yeah, I think 01:05:09.989 --> 01:05:12.510 it's a really good takeaway. I think the last 01:05:12.510 --> 01:05:14.409 thing I'll say, and I'm debating whether to cut 01:05:14.409 --> 01:05:16.969 this at the end of it, is like, this is unfortunate 01:05:16.969 --> 01:05:19.809 that it's become a political issue. I think it's 01:05:19.809 --> 01:05:22.829 really unfortunate that we can't all as conservatives 01:05:22.829 --> 01:05:27.170 or liberals. And my mom identifies as a conservative, 01:05:27.269 --> 01:05:29.530 I'm a liberal. And here we are talking about, 01:05:29.570 --> 01:05:33.460 you know. an infectious disease that could be 01:05:33.460 --> 01:05:36.000 combative of the vaccine. So I just want to let 01:05:36.000 --> 01:05:37.980 people know there's no political bias here. My 01:05:37.980 --> 01:05:41.219 mom and I are just very interested in the healthcare 01:05:41.219 --> 01:05:43.500 system and science, and we want to help people 01:05:43.500 --> 01:05:46.960 as much as we can. And it's really unfortunate 01:05:46.960 --> 01:05:49.619 that during this time that there are people who 01:05:49.619 --> 01:05:52.079 feel like they can't support a certain healthcare 01:05:52.079 --> 01:05:54.159 initiative because it's going to go against their 01:05:54.159 --> 01:05:57.750 political party. And I really wish this could 01:05:57.750 --> 01:05:59.969 be one of those issues among many other issues 01:05:59.969 --> 01:06:01.929 in which we can just kind of take a look at the 01:06:01.929 --> 01:06:04.690 evidence and say, okay, what is going to be the 01:06:04.690 --> 01:06:08.050 best bang for our buck here? Do we want to vaccinate 01:06:08.050 --> 01:06:10.670 our kids against this disease or do we want to 01:06:10.670 --> 01:06:13.989 potentially hospitalize a lot of these kids for 01:06:13.989 --> 01:06:17.650 this disease? So I kind of just wanted to put 01:06:17.650 --> 01:06:19.929 that caveat in there because I think sometimes 01:06:19.929 --> 01:06:21.909 you can hear a certain perspective and think, 01:06:21.989 --> 01:06:23.590 oh, you know, these people are just obviously 01:06:23.590 --> 01:06:26.250 slanted and biased. Nothing could be further 01:06:26.250 --> 01:06:29.090 from the truth with my mom and I. We differ on 01:06:29.090 --> 01:06:31.530 a lot of the ways that we want to run this country, 01:06:31.630 --> 01:06:33.949 but we definitely agree that the best way to 01:06:33.949 --> 01:06:35.929 get the best health outcomes for people is to 01:06:35.929 --> 01:06:40.389 follow the evidence and then provide that evidence 01:06:40.389 --> 01:06:42.389 to the public, and then they can make their own 01:06:42.389 --> 01:06:45.909 decision on their health care. And we hope that 01:06:45.909 --> 01:06:47.989 our highest orders of government would do the 01:06:47.989 --> 01:06:50.530 same. I'd say one thing, too, is that, you know, 01:06:50.530 --> 01:06:53.050 as we've talked about, too, the measles vaccine 01:06:53.050 --> 01:06:56.110 is not... It's not for everyone. And then we 01:06:56.110 --> 01:06:58.050 talked about the reasons why and stuff. And so, 01:06:58.110 --> 01:07:01.070 I mean, ultimately we're looking for ways to 01:07:01.070 --> 01:07:05.719 keep our kiddos or. from getting this disease 01:07:05.719 --> 01:07:07.639 because it's not a good one. You know, I mean, 01:07:07.639 --> 01:07:09.719 it doesn't always hospitalize everybody, but 01:07:09.719 --> 01:07:11.559 they're sick for two weeks, you know, versus, 01:07:11.719 --> 01:07:15.559 you know, an immune response to the vaccine that 01:07:15.559 --> 01:07:18.500 may last 24 to 48 hours. But that's a personal 01:07:18.500 --> 01:07:21.059 preference, you know, for parents. And I understand 01:07:21.059 --> 01:07:24.559 that as well, too. It can impact other people 01:07:24.559 --> 01:07:28.019 if you don't vaccinate your kiddo because it 01:07:28.019 --> 01:07:30.900 is very contagious. And there are some things 01:07:30.900 --> 01:07:33.949 to do if you can't get the vaccine, primarily 01:07:33.949 --> 01:07:36.070 the immune globulin to help fight against this 01:07:36.070 --> 01:07:38.230 infection as well too. Yeah. That's an interesting 01:07:38.230 --> 01:07:40.489 area about health in general is that a lot of 01:07:40.489 --> 01:07:43.530 times it really does buttress against this like 01:07:43.530 --> 01:07:46.429 individual choice versus collective health. Because 01:07:46.429 --> 01:07:49.010 one might argue if they're driving in their car 01:07:49.010 --> 01:07:51.269 without a seatbelt, like, well, this is my choice. 01:07:51.369 --> 01:07:54.250 This is my right. I can do what I want. And I 01:07:54.250 --> 01:07:57.719 partly agree with that. But if that person gets 01:07:57.719 --> 01:07:59.739 in a wreck and that person is a father or mother, 01:07:59.920 --> 01:08:02.639 and then they leave that child behind as an orphan, 01:08:02.860 --> 01:08:04.820 then somebody has to take care of that child. 01:08:04.960 --> 01:08:07.260 And that essentially that child becomes, you 01:08:07.260 --> 01:08:11.619 know, a ward of the state and we have to make 01:08:11.619 --> 01:08:13.960 this. And if you think about every action you 01:08:13.960 --> 01:08:18.619 make has a knock on effect. So I really do want 01:08:18.619 --> 01:08:20.600 people to have their individual choice, but also 01:08:20.600 --> 01:08:22.579 the sense that you do have neighbors and you 01:08:22.579 --> 01:08:24.479 do have people that you need to look out for. 01:08:24.579 --> 01:08:28.579 And I think. We can walk and chew gum at the 01:08:28.579 --> 01:08:31.560 same time. We can have our individual liberty 01:08:31.560 --> 01:08:33.960 and freedom while also looking out for one another. 01:08:34.180 --> 01:08:35.659 And I think that would be a really wonderful 01:08:35.659 --> 01:08:38.640 place to live in. Would you agree? I would agree. 01:08:38.819 --> 01:08:42.939 Good. Yeah. Well, thanks again for coming back 01:08:42.939 --> 01:08:46.869 to Your Mom on Drugs with me, the son. along 01:08:46.869 --> 01:08:50.029 with mom, the wonderful professor of pharmacy. 01:08:50.930 --> 01:08:54.170 We're looking forward to another year in 2026. 01:08:54.489 --> 01:08:57.069 We're going to kind of revamp some stuff. I might 01:08:57.069 --> 01:08:59.810 have some video podcasts, maybe some I'm like, 01:08:59.909 --> 01:09:03.850 you know, talking about current topics in terms 01:09:03.850 --> 01:09:05.890 of social media, just like short little essays 01:09:05.890 --> 01:09:09.529 and things like that. But if you like what you've 01:09:09.529 --> 01:09:11.890 heard, please tell a friend. Like we just want 01:09:11.890 --> 01:09:15.130 to spread good health information so that you 01:09:15.130 --> 01:09:18.550 feel informed. And it's just interesting to learn 01:09:18.550 --> 01:09:22.550 about the ways that, you know, drugs and our 01:09:22.550 --> 01:09:25.489 bodies interact with one another. So any closing 01:09:25.489 --> 01:09:29.409 thoughts for 2025? Merry Christmas. Merry Christmas 01:09:29.409 --> 01:09:32.250 and happy holidays to my people who aren't Christians. 01:09:32.529 --> 01:09:33.750 All right. Bye. Bye.