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Welcome back to Teaching the Unteachables, where we dive into methods for teaching and learning for professionals like you.

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This episode brought to you by the National Oil Heat Research Alliance. Learn more at norahweb.org.

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One of the misconceptions that we hear a lot in the industry is decarbonization and electrification being held into the same teeter like they're the exact same component.

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And that's really not the scenario. So today we're going to spend some time with Bob O'Brien. Bob, how are you today?

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Hey Clifton, how are you?

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Fantastic, from NORA. And we want to spend a little bit of time helping clarify and understand what the decarbonization actually is and understand that not all fuels are going away.

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We're not going completely electric. There are many ways to be able to complete this decarbonization movement.

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So if we spend a little bit of time talking about what decarbonization is, it is a global effort to reduce our carbon footprint.

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To be able to sustain the life that we know on this planet, we have to reduce our carbon emissions.

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Now we have the ability to do that in many ways, things like recycling and controlling waste and fuels and gases.

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But we also have the electrification. And now we have that component that is feared the most, especially by those living up in the Northeast, is what about fuel?

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Because not all regions of the world are right for heat pumps.

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Yes, we are building and we are sponsoring competitions for new technologies to be able to get higher capacity, lower ambient condition working heat pumps.

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But it's not exactly the solution for everyone.

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So Bob, let's spend a little bit of time talking about your side of this effort because there's a lot happening in your spectrum of the industry.

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Sure. NORA is the National Oil Heat Research Alliance.

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At this point, we're heavily focused on renewable liquid fuels, primarily biodiesel.

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Renewable diesel to a somewhat lesser extent.

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NORA is a congressionally authorized checkoff program, similar to most of the ones you're familiar with are probably agricultural, got milk, beef, it's once for dinner, pork, the other white meat.

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NORA is the same exact thing. So it's industry requested, industry funded.

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And there's three major areas of focus, technician education, consumer education, and research and development.

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All three of those at the moment are heavily weighted towards transitioning to renewable liquid fuels.

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Petroleum products have a finite lifespan ahead of them.

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Yeah, absolutely. We have a limited amount of use.

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People don't understand that we're starting to siphon off from that well that is not endless.

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So we have to be able to move forward as a planet, as an entire civilization, and look for our other alternative fuel resources.

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NORA is National Oil Heat Research Alliance. It's congressionally authorized, so unfortunately there's no name change possible.

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We'd love to get away from oil heat to liquid fuels or renewable liquid fuels.

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Not much of a future in the oil heating business at this point, or any fossil fuel for that matter.

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But there's still a lot of fuel oil out there.

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Five million homes and businesses, which is a lot of work from anybody's perspective.

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As you know, it's a fraction of nationwide. It's about 6-7% of the nationwide.

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They use it for both heating and domestic hot water. More heavily weighted into the Northeast, but it's scattered everywhere.

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States can opt in to participate in NORA. 23 states do participate in NORA currently.

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So it's not quite half, but pretty close. Mostly Northeast, mid-Atlantic, up through Maine.

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But there's pretty strong concentrations scattered out in the Pacific Northwest. Alaska, obviously, quite strong.

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Yeah, I'm sure.

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Yeah, it's tough to run a pipeline up there.

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Yeah, absolutely.

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A natural gas one anyway. But we're rapidly transitioning to renewable fuels that moves away from heating oil.

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There's state mandates in a lot of the Northeast states. New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts.

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And those are the heaviest users, the heaviest concentrations.

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Primary sectors.

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So biodiesel has been the main focus. It's a little more readily available.

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Renewable diesel, which they call it HVO in Europe, has kind of not reached the market yet.

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But it's hopefully going to be here pretty soon. So we're doing a lot of research.

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Okay, so that's the Eurodiesel that I keep seeing.

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Yes, you'll see it talked about particularly in the UK.

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Sure.

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Yeah, it's heavily used here in California for transportation use.

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Oh, okay.

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But it's starting to work its way into the East Coast and into the heating market. So we want to be ready for it when it arrives.

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Yeah, absolutely.

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Yeah, all these fuels aren't exactly the same as petroleum.

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So that's really the education efforts are focused towards the technicians to get them used to.

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It's not exactly the way it was. Pretty close, but not exact.

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Yeah, here in the Midwest. So I'm in central Indiana. And fuel oil used to be utilized very heavily here, especially for farming purposes.

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A lot of grain bins were dried with fuel oil tanks. And we still have some.

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So when I first got into the industry, we had some particularly old farms that still used a lot of fuel oil.

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So it is a industry that has changed, but is definitely still here. And so how do you supplement those fuels?

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You know, we hear a lot about the diesel industry, you know, for transportation and locomotion.

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But what about for heating in our residential and our commercial industrial applications?

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So we still have that entire sector that we have to cater to in this decarbonization movement.

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Actually, Indiana is a state that participates in NORA.

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There are still quite a few oil heated businesses and homes in Indiana.

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And the biofuels really make it a nice circular economy for Indiana where you do grow soybeans, not as many as Illinois or Iowa.

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But there's quite a bit of soybeans in Indiana.

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So they can actually be grown, processed and completely used entirely within the state.

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So it's an American product. It's a Midwest product, mostly soy.

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The canola are the feedstocks they use to produce it. So it's a completely circular economy in those states, in the Midwest states.

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OK, now, so when we start talking about doing like retrofits, are we mainly talking about burner assemblies and orifices?

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There's actually none. It's typically referred to by percentage.

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So when people say B20, B50, B100, B means biodiesel.

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And the number is the percentage of the of the fleet fuel that is biodiesel.

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So B20 would be 20 percent biodiesel, 80 percent petroleum. B100 is 100 percent biodiesel.

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At the B20 level, there's really no changes at all. It's a drop in.

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It's listed under ASTM 396, the spec for heating oil.

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Oh, wow. OK.

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Up to B20. So there's really not much changes.

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All the burners available new on the market are already B20 compatible.

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Huh.

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So there's probably four or five hundred thousand of those five million using B20 at the moment.

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And the vast majority have had no changes whatsoever.

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Yeah, that's the blend level increases is where the difference has become more pronounced.

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But at that level, it's it's minuscule.

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Is it a BTU factor or is it a velocity factor?

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There were slightly less BTUs per gallon.

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OK. A little less than 10 percent difference.

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OK. Biodiesel versus conventional heating oil.

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Makes sense. OK.

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All right. So we're definitely seeing some transitions here in the Midwest.

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Definitely see them on different areas.

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Kind of talked about this a little bit. We know that it is a checkoff program.

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So would you consider it a federal initiative for the oil sector?

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The industry actually lobbied Congress to approve this.

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These are self initiated. The chicken guys and the milk guys and the California cheese guys, they're in it too.

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Lobby Congress to have these checkoff programs created to promote the industry, to fund the promotion of the industry internally.

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OK. It's nice to see that is actually designed from the ground up as a evolution to an industry.

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Yeah, it's not from Congress down. It's from the all these industries up there, primarily agricultural bio heat.

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It's a trademark for blends. Yeah.

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Below B100, obviously.

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And it's about the benefits of approaching decarbonization by changing fuels rather than by going to a clean fuel rather than altering the whole system.

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In the northeast is a lot of hydronic systems.

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It's heavily weighted towards hydronic. A lot of window shakers still here.

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A lot of old buildings, particularly in the cities, you know, Philadelphia, Boston, New York, that long stretch there.

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These are tough buildings to decarbonize. They don't lend themselves to split heat pump systems very well.

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In Europe, they've been doing a hybrid with air to water heat pumps in the hydronic systems.

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They typically use lower water temperatures than we do here. Unfortunately, they have radiant panel rats.

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Typically, we're in tube that needs higher water temperatures. That's really not an answer for us.

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This makes it pretty easy for somebody to decarbonize. Sure.

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At a minimal investment and very rapidly. So the consumer education is focused towards that.

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So that's where this conversation kind of started, looking through different topics that we need to cover.

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I seen an article from Nora about the biofuels and the decarbonization efforts of Nora.

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And I went, wait a minute, decarbonization from a fuel oil perspective.

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Now, I need to know more. And then because it really changes that philosophy of decarbonization.

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You know, we think about decarbonization. We think we're just getting rid of everything that's carbon fuel based.

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And we're going with whatever we can to supplement that. But it's not the scenario.

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When we think about these boilers and these heating systems that were designed for, you know, specific temperature rises and volume of flow

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that cannot be done with some of these air source systems, exactly like Bob was just saying.

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And the cost of doing complete retrofits and redesigning these systems for higher BTU, higher capacity heating loads is not particularly feasible.

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May not even have the space to do such thing.

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So when we start talking about these alternative fuels, I had recognized biofuels in the agricultural because it's become very popular here in the Midwest for agricultural purposes.

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But I hadn't looked at it from the heating perspective.

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So it opened up my own perspective of what decarbonization is and the vast efforts that are happening right now from many different avenues.

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So it was very enlightening for myself. That's why I wanted us to talk about this and share it a little bit, because I've even had some of our own educators ask, well, what do we do about fuel oil?

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Am I supposed to really dump the entire fuel oil design system and go with a cold climate heat pump in the north?

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And I went, wow, that's a that's a big investment and that's a lot of redesign.

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So it opens up our thoughts a little bit to the options that we actually have, because as an industry, we all have to do that.

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You know, we keep talking about how much we need to impact the HVAC refrigeration industry by using new technologies and new innovations.

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And this is to show that it really is in every sector of our industry, even the oil guys.

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If you don't want to end up like Kodak, you go right. You have to evolve.

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They held on to that film for way too long.

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Where do we learn? Where do we become more familiar with moving into these new types of fuels, Bob?

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Sure. One third of three of the legs of Nora, one of them is technician education and probably the most important.

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So there's a three tier certification system. So this is in place nationwide. Entry level would be the bronze.

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It's a formal 80 hour class followed up by a test.

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Technicians who have three years experience and 100 hours of seat training could be virtual or physical.

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Doesn't doesn't matter. Are eligible to be silver certified and gold would be five years of silver and four separate gold classes.

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Kind of like grad level, very specific focus, combustion, controls, airflow, you know, six hour classes strictly on that one topic.

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There is a test for the bronze. It's a closed book test. The Nora Silver certification is a license in the states of Vermont and New Hampshire.

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That's what I was looking for. Well, as a county in New York. So we take the integrity of the test and the curriculum very seriously.

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Sure. These states would not accept this as a license if that were lax at all. So it's taken quite seriously.

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Passing. It's not a tough test, but passing is 78 for that reason, not a 65 or 70. Certification lasts for five years and CUs required to renew annually over the five years.

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OK. Yeah. So you need CUs to renew it. Decisions made to go with CUs versus retesting, which some people do.

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A lot of people do not much of a point in taking the same test over and over again every five years.

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Just make sure you know what's new. Yeah. And the CUs are, you know, can change day to day.

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It's we just feel it's really important that tech stay on top of this stuff, that the CUs are very important to, you know, continue education, to keep to move forward.

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Well, we look at some of the comparable items. You look at your EPA 608, you know, unfortunately, a lot of times that's a one and done.

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So wherever you entered the industry and you acquired your 608, because there are not those continuing education units or that re certification,

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you're never really staying up to date what has changed based on those regulations.

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And so that is another sector of our industry. I really hope to see change in the near future.

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And I know, I know you go ahead and send the you can put it out there in the chat messages right now if you'd like to.

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You can start throwing the virtual hammer at me. It really is very important to have those continuing education opportunities so you can see what those changes are.

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I mean, think about that. If I would have taken that test and it was a one and done 30 years ago and I was still working in the industry,

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I may not even be aware of the changes for biofuels and the new technologies that are now becoming part of my daily routine in my career.

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Absolutely. That's why the decision was made to require CUs and eliminate retesting altogether.

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So it's important the instructors will have to be certified and the instructors need CUs also.

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That's a big reason for us hosting the National HVACR Education Conference is to bring light to our educators.

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We're all educators. We've all been to this point where we've been in the field. We've gotten certified.

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We start teaching. And then at some point we go, do I need to go back and re check on my certifications?

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Because I just had to do it for myself for my own electrical license.

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I couldn't find my electrical license and I had to go. Oh, my. Have I paid my dues?

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Have I done my CEUs? And so I had to make a phone call for that.

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But the education part of it, that's why we all joined together to be able to talk about the things that are happening in the industry,

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to be more aware of how we need to stay up with technology for an industry.

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I mean, think about these things that are changing.

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I didn't even know that we had these opportunities, these changes, these advancements in our oil industry until just a few weeks ago.

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And I had to go, oh, my, I'm so far behind.

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I'm so far behind. I need to reach out. And that's how I found Bob.

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And that's how this whole conversation started. So we all need our continued education for sure.

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Absolutely. So Nora doesn't actually deliver this material ourselves.

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We have trade school partners, public high schools, for profit trade schools, community colleges, state associations that run private trade schools.

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So we partner with approximately 50 or so. Sure. Across the country.

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We'd love to expand if anybody's out there and would be interested in being able to add Nora certification for their students as a little value add.

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Love to have you. But we depend upon these partners, which is great.

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I mean, it's really the only way to do it, to spread it over such a huge footprint.

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Absolutely.

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A little bit of the drawback is the instructors themselves.

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How much do you really know about them? They have to be certified. We check them every so often.

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But we want to step up the level of that also. So most of them have come from the technical side.

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They've come out of the field. So they usually have great technical skills. They know the material.

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Classroom skills. I got to deal with people now. Yeah, it's the classroom skills in some cases maybe lacking.

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So we're right. We're doing some work in that. But we partner with all these schools and their different constituencies, public high school kids.

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We're really not going to do much with them. They're licensed by the state. It's a public high school.

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It is what it is in that situation. The state's vetting all these teachers. And they're high school kids.

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We can't treat them as we do the adults. So we're going to focus more of it on the adults.

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The community college is in the trade school. So this is a two week curriculum.

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Doesn't have to be done in one shot, but basically it's about 80 hours or so.

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So most of the two year community colleges just folded into their bigger two year.

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It's a couple of weeks within their two year or 18 month program. Yes. Sure.

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Now what about equipment? Are they actually working on live equipment?

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One of the requirements to be a partner is that you have live fire equipment. You need hands on.

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Would you want a surgeon who never was in the operating room or a lawyer who never stepped foot in the courtroom?

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I mean, during COVID it was great with the Zoom, but I mean, it really brought it home that this is a hands on business.

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A lot of techniques, they're tactile learners. You need that hands on. I think it's vital.

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So it is one of the requirements to be certified that there is a functioning piece of equipment.

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At least one. Most have multiple, in some cases dozens.

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Now you were mentioning earlier an opportunity to actually do some of the live fire at a conference and expo.

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Is that something that you host as well, additional opportunities?

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Yes. In addition to the consumer education and technical education, research and development is a big part of what Nora does.

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And almost all of that research for the last 10 years or so has been focused on transitioning to biofuels,

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eliminating the technical barriers to adoption of high blends of biofuel.

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So as part of that, we have a quartz cylinder, which is basically a glass tube,

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but it's made of quartz crystal clear with a burner in it and we can fire from different fuels on site.

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This is going to be the Eastern Energy Expo in May.

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Oh boy, I like that idea.

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Actually some videos up on the website too. You can see it from last year's.

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But we can transition from fuel to fuel from B0 petroleum to B5, 5% bio, B20, B50 and up to B100.

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We have a combustion analyzer on it so the techs can see exactly what happens.

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The differences in the fuel mixture.

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Yeah, when you change it. The tubing is clear so you can see when the transition happens.

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Man, I want to see this myself.

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Yeah, it's pretty cool. It always draws a crowd.

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If I'm a school and I'm looking for opportunities to expand and maybe become part of this program,

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is the best way through the website or is it through contacting somebody direct?

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They can contact me directly or through the website, either one. There's a tech school application box on the website.

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It's not that tough. Especially in the states where we're underrepresented, we'd love to expand the footprint.

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Sure.

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Hopefully the schools would find it a benefit to offer certification to their students.

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And education for those programs.

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Absolutely. Yeah, there's five million out there. Somebody's going to fix them.

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They're going to be around for a while.

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Alright everyone, have a wonderful day. We thank you so much for spending your time hanging out with us.

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So thanks again. We'll see you next week.

