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Welcome to the Windshield Chronicles, a mental sequence operation.

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This episode brought to you by our good friends at hvacredu.net, workforce development online

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for the HVACR industry.

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Learn more at hvacredu.net.

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All right, welcome everyone.

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Thank you all for joining and we're hanging out today with our good friend Todd Clur.

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Todd, how's it going?

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Howdy.

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All right, so everyone, two HVAC and automotive nerds walk into a bar.

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Right?

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So how can it go wrong from here, Todd?

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I don't know.

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All right, well, welcome everyone.

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We'll get back to the actual intelligence side of this thing, but we're going to have

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some fun.

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You know, we're here to have fun, but we're also here to talk about transitions that's

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happening in our industry and to help ease a lot of the discomfort that is out there,

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especially when it comes to new technologies.

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So for those of you who don't know, Todd and I, we got a little bit of age to us as technicians,

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right?

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We've been around for a little while, but both of us have also been part of the automotive

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industry.

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We both worked on vehicles.

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We've, you know, as technicians, I'm sure a lot of you are the same way.

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So we have learned to embrace change with the things that we work on.

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Now, as technicians, a lot of us are very mechanical, right?

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That's why we do what we do, but it doesn't always just stay there.

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Like, I mean, how many of us started by building bicycles when we were young, right?

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You know, and then worked on our own vehicles when we got to that point.

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So I used to flip vehicles.

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I mean, even in high school, I used to flip vehicles, which means I had to learn how to

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work on them, right?

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So when we start talking about the evolution of the automotive industry, there were some

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very significant things that have happened in automotive that are almost identical to

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what we're seeing in our current transition in the industry.

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So today we're going to spend some time talking about evolution of two separate industries

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and how they are kind of merging now, finally, at this point.

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What is our first tools?

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Were they plastic?

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No, most of the time it was things that we pinched fingers with and broke stuff with.

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Yeah.

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You know, we've talked about, you know, scavenging through, you know, spare stuff for parts for

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things to tear apart and try to fix.

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And that was just kind of part of it.

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So let's look at what happened with automotive so we can see where we are right now.

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And hang in here because we're going to show you some things that are going to help inverters

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make a lot of sense because a lot of people are afraid of inverters and we really need

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to be aware that inverters are the new standard.

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You know, it is.

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We spent time almost a year ago with David Brennan from Rheem looking at the new lineup

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of equipment and realized that, man, almost everything was gone that had a contactor except

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for the hybrid systems that had an inverter board plus a contactor that ran on inverter

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up to about 75 to 80 percent and then switched over to contactor to run full 100 percent.

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So it took the inverter board out.

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So it wasn't using any excess wattage.

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I've already talked to some of our friends over at Johnson Controls going, hey, yeah,

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we're really heavy on inverters.

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And Dyken is saying that they're here to they're here to inverterize the world.

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That is the mission of Dyken.

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Right.

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So let's look at vehicles real quick and let's look some of our lineage.

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Right.

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We've seen some big transitions in the 1970s and that was really based on fuel efficiency,

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the demand for fuel efficiency, because the cost of fuel was energy to run those engines.

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Right.

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And we're really just talking about that internal combustion engine, the cost of the fuel to

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run it.

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Yeah.

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And some of some of our audience may be too young to know, but back in the 70s, the fuel

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fuel shortage, I mean, there was what odds and evens of your license plate to get fuel.

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Yeah.

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It wasn't like you can just go down to the gas station like we can now.

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I mean, you waited in line to pay premiums like we pay now for fuel.

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So we took the internal combustion engine.

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And this is the important part as an analogy in our classrooms and when we're special,

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when we're talking with our technicians and students, when we started evolving our internal

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combustion engine, it wasn't about reinventing the internal combustion engine.

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It was about making it more efficient.

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Right.

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So we started working with emissions quite a bit.

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That's when we started utilizing catalytic converters.

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And that's when we started making our vehicles lighter.

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We had an increase and then we leveled out through the 80s.

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Right.

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We're still talking about carburetors.

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We're still talking about mechanical ignition systems.

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We're still talking about big, heavy boats.

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Right.

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Pretty heavy vehicles in the 80s.

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Steel.

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Lots and lots and lots of steel.

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So once we got into the 90s, we started looking for other opportunities to change the fuel

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efficiency of that internal combustion engine.

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Right.

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So how did we do that?

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Well, we're going to dive into that.

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We're going to show you some of the things that we did and how similar it is to what

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we're doing in HVAC.

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So let's look at HVAC, right?

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HVAC industry, just looking at sear in cooling and heating capabilities, we've increased

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a little bit over time, but relatively stagnant.

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If we look at the increases, like in automotive, we're talking three times efficiency changes

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in many applications.

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We haven't went that far in HVAC.

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No.

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But we have started trending upward.

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Well, we're getting ready to make a big trend upward, but we need to understand how we do

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that.

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So let's take a look at where we went from and what we went to in automotive, and we'll

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show you those analogies in HVAC, right?

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So let's think about these vehicles of the early 80s, early 90s when we started making

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that transition.

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We were talking about internal combustion engines.

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We're talking about pistons that were being driven by connecting rods, being rotated by

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a crankshaft, ignited by fuel, ignited by spark and air, and relatively crude controls.

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You know, we had points ignition systems in the late 80s, and we're using chain driven

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timing systems.

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And it was reciprocating.

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Yeah.

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You know, our good friend Ty did a great, great video yesterday on one of his medias

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and that, you know, hey, the reciprocating compressor is dead.

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That's because it's not going to come back.

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It's not.

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We're using out.

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We're looking into more efficient designs.

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All that clearance space.

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Every time it comes up, that piston comes up and down.

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It's right.

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It's where.

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So we looked at better ways to lubricate.

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We were looking at that internal combustion engine.

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We're going to pick on like some small block Chevy, small block Ford stuff just for analogies

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so that you can see what we did.

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We didn't completely re-engineer the internal combustion engine.

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We changed a few things to make it more efficient.

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We added fuel injection.

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So we took off the manual carburation and we put on digital fuel injection.

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We put on electronic ignition so that we could control the advance of the spark so that we

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could fine tune that ignition so that we had the best fuel efficiency, whether we were

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in the torque power band, the high RPM power bands where we're cruising, we could modify

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the ignition electronically.

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And later we went to variable valve timing.

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So we removed those mechanical components.

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All right.

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And went digital.

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We went digital.

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Now Todd, what did we do with the internal of the engine?

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It's the same.

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I mean, it's still the same today.

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It's all reciprocating.

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It's still a reciprocating block.

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It's still got a crankshaft with connecting rods and pistons and it's still made out of

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a lot of the same materials.

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I mean, I use the analogy, you know, for those of us who remember the old Mazda RX7s, they

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had rotary engines.

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Very similar to the rotary technology compressors that we have now.

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Same design.

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Exactly.

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You know what?

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Man, I wish we would talk about this beforehand.

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I'd thrown some rotary in there because it did.

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It was about efficiency.

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So you know, Mazda came out that rotary engine, but you put in the RX7s real early because

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it was a very efficient high RPM engine.

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No, we got a lot more RPMs in our rotaries today, don't we?

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But they were fuel hogs.

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They were.

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Yeah, they weren't the best.

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A lot of those are still carbureted too.

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We started getting into some fuel injection, but more throttle body and not multi-port.

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All right.

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So let's talk about our hogs.

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Let's talk.

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Electrical hogs, that is.

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Let's talk about our electrical hogs that have been around.

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And think about this.

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You know, there are still some reciprocating compressors out there.

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Not a ton, but there are some of them.

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If we think about the efficiency of our single stage and two stage equipment, you know, we're

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not getting too high.

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We're only topping out in the 16 seer.

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18 if you're lucky.

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Depending on the matchup.

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Depending on the matchup.

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Depending on the matchup and air flows.

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You might be able to get up there, but that's like really pushing it to be able to get to

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18, right?

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So if we look at what our traditional, and I'm going to call these traditional or legacy

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air conditioning systems, we're talking about a lot of fixed orifices.

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And I just had this conversation last week.

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Paul, Graham, I don't know if you're out there, buddy, if you are, hop in here and chime in

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on this.

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I had a good friend of mine from a major distributor call and said, Hey, we were worried about

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some of our dealers because they're throwing a fit about this new seer too.

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And they said they're going to change brands because they can get piston matchups at some

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other brands.

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I said, well, go ahead.

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They've got it left for probably a few more months and then they're going to be back to

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ground zero because they've got some old stock they're trying to get rid of.

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So fixed orifices is what most of us grew up with.

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I mean, I'm a cap tube on a lot of cap tubes on stuff.

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Absolutely.

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So we had fixed orifice, contactor driven, single speed operation systems.

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So we had motors that ran at single speed.

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Yeah, we'd have different speed selections, but they ran at one desired speed, one tap,

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one tap.

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And we had compressors that run on single speed, single RPMs, even if it was a two stage.

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So if you're not real comfortable with a two stage system, all we're doing is bypassing

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some of our discharge gas back into the suction so that we reduce our compression ratio, which

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in return just does a lot with our capacity.

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Goes down, but your fish seeder is only that much, but you got hot gas coming right back.

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And it's even more efficient, but not that much.

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Not tremendously.

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Yeah.

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So what we're doing is industry is evolving.

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And this is not just in residential air conditioning, light commercial air conditioning.

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I mean, this is in refrigeration as well.

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We're starting to see a lot of inverters.

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In residential refrigeration, a lot of our refrigerators are already inverter, if you

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didn't know that.

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A lot of our window air conditioners, especially ones that are going with things like R32,

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a lot of those are going inverter already.

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So what is inverter?

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Well, that's what we're here to dive into to help you understand that all inverters

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really run the same.

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It's just a change of the controls on our internal compression engine.

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Isn't that what we're talking about?

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The vapor pump.

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We're talking about an internal compression engine.

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So how do we make it more efficient?

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We take out our piston.

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We start utilizing things like thermostatic expansion valves and particularly electronic

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expansion valves, which I love.

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We're going to use control boards and we're going to use variable speed motors in our

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fans and in our compressor.

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But how do you speed up or slow down a compressor or a motor?

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Where is that magic?

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You can't just adjust the voltage, right?

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Because what happens?

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Well, for all of us who know it on the law.

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Let's do it on the law.

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Go for it.

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You go on the display.

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Make the math easy.

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Okay.

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All right.

247
00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:04,200
All right.

248
00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:05,200
100 volts, 10 amps.

249
00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:06,200
Okay.

250
00:12:06,200 --> 00:12:07,680
What do you got for what's thousand, right?

251
00:12:07,680 --> 00:12:08,680
That's right.

252
00:12:08,680 --> 00:12:09,680
Okay.

253
00:12:09,680 --> 00:12:12,640
Let's let's get rid of the drop the voltage and have to go 50 volts.

254
00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:13,640
What's happens to your amperage?

255
00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:14,640
Oh, 20.

256
00:12:14,640 --> 00:12:18,480
Oh, because the wattage is the wattage, right?

257
00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:19,480
Exactly.

258
00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:20,480
All right.

259
00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:23,920
So we can't fluctuate the voltage.

260
00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:25,800
So how are we going to do this?

261
00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:29,080
How are we going to modulate a variable speed motor?

262
00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:34,760
Remember, we're talking about variable speed motor in our air circulation and in our paper

263
00:12:34,760 --> 00:12:35,760
circulation, right?

264
00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:38,680
And a lot of us might a lot of us might know that already.

265
00:12:38,680 --> 00:12:42,160
And I know there's I saw some refrigeration techs that I've worked with that chimed in

266
00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:43,160
already.

267
00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:46,720
And they've been doing it in refrigeration and commercial refrigeration for years.

268
00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:47,720
VSTs and VFDs.

269
00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:48,720
Right.

270
00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:49,720
Variable frequencies.

271
00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:50,720
We're not changing voltage.

272
00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:52,800
We're just going to change the frequency.

273
00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:55,520
And here in North America, we use 60 Hertz, 60 Hertz.

274
00:12:55,520 --> 00:12:58,040
Well, if you wanted half speed, 30 Hertz.

275
00:12:58,040 --> 00:13:00,040
But how do we change the frequency?

276
00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:04,000
And you do it with a drive or an inverter.

277
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:06,280
All right.

278
00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:09,080
So let's look at components.

279
00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:14,360
So we have a very thorough understanding of the change in components, because those of

280
00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:20,640
you that are used to working on conventional or traditional systems, you know what components

281
00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:21,640
you have.

282
00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:22,640
You're comfortable with them.

283
00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:28,400
But if you're working on a vehicle, you got things like distributors and mechanical starters

284
00:13:28,400 --> 00:13:29,940
and points, ignitions.

285
00:13:29,940 --> 00:13:33,080
We might happen to have an electronic condition, but let's use points for this particular one.

286
00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:35,800
So we stay mechanical and we're going to have like ignition coils.

287
00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:36,800
Right.

288
00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:39,680
We're going to store voltage and we're going to fire it off mechanically.

289
00:13:39,680 --> 00:13:41,680
We're not going to have a lot of control over it.

290
00:13:41,680 --> 00:13:44,120
Well, what about over on our air conditioning?

291
00:13:44,120 --> 00:13:45,120
I guess my hands are backwards.

292
00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:46,120
Let me have this.

293
00:13:46,120 --> 00:13:47,880
Let's go over to the AC side.

294
00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:54,840
We're talking about a contactor that is driving motor, single speed operated motors with assistance

295
00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:55,840
of capacitors.

296
00:13:55,840 --> 00:13:56,840
Right.

297
00:13:56,840 --> 00:14:01,920
We're talking about basic fundamental operation of a air conditioning or refrigeration system

298
00:14:01,920 --> 00:14:03,560
on or off, on or off.

299
00:14:03,560 --> 00:14:06,040
It's a light switch, either one light switch.

300
00:14:06,040 --> 00:14:07,040
Right.

301
00:14:07,040 --> 00:14:08,040
That's right.

302
00:14:08,040 --> 00:14:12,880
So let's think about what's changing to make sure we're comfortable with this transition.

303
00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:17,440
Because when we get comfortable with all the components that make up this transition, you'll

304
00:14:17,440 --> 00:14:19,440
be more comfortable with the transition.

305
00:14:19,440 --> 00:14:20,920
So here's where we are.

306
00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:22,260
This is where we're leaving.

307
00:14:22,260 --> 00:14:26,320
This is where the uncomfort zone is going to be.

308
00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:28,440
But we're going to break that week after week.

309
00:14:28,440 --> 00:14:31,920
We're going to break that uncomfort zone and we're going to, we're going to make you advanced

310
00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:32,920
technicians.

311
00:14:32,920 --> 00:14:33,920
All right.

312
00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:34,920
Right.

313
00:14:34,920 --> 00:14:36,880
So here we go.

314
00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:39,600
Automotive started evolving.

315
00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:42,400
We had the automotive evolution.

316
00:14:42,400 --> 00:14:48,120
We went from our mechanical controlled systems into electronically controlled systems and

317
00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:50,160
we added a processor.

318
00:14:50,160 --> 00:14:53,240
It's got a variety of names.

319
00:14:53,240 --> 00:14:55,200
CPU is a common one.

320
00:14:55,200 --> 00:15:02,600
Central processing unit, main board, computer, all sorts of things you will hear this board

321
00:15:02,600 --> 00:15:03,600
called.

322
00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:04,600
But what is it?

323
00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:05,600
It's a calculator.

324
00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:06,600
Right.

325
00:15:06,600 --> 00:15:07,600
It puts outputs.

326
00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:08,600
It puts an output.

327
00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:09,600
Garbage in, garbage out.

328
00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:10,600
Right.

329
00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:14,200
And that is exactly right.

330
00:15:14,200 --> 00:15:17,880
If I feed this thing garbage, it's going to put out garbage.

331
00:15:17,880 --> 00:15:21,080
If I feed it good ends, it's going to send out good ends.

332
00:15:21,080 --> 00:15:22,080
That's right.

333
00:15:22,080 --> 00:15:29,760
So when we talk about our inverter, all we're doing is we're using the exact same construction.

334
00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:34,920
We're using our calculator to be able to make our controls.

335
00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:40,000
So let's look at the components that make up our inputs and outputs for our processor

336
00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:44,880
in either one, just so you can be more comfortable with the analogy.

337
00:15:44,880 --> 00:15:48,440
Let's look at how these things are going to read temperatures.

338
00:15:48,440 --> 00:15:49,440
Right.

339
00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:54,720
So we're going to use some type of sensor, a thermistor, or we're going to use thermal

340
00:15:54,720 --> 00:15:55,720
couple.

341
00:15:55,720 --> 00:16:00,320
We're going to use something typically it's thermistors so that we have a nice variable

342
00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:02,360
and accurate voltage and accurate.

343
00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:09,280
So if we look at our processor, our CPU on a vehicle, we're going to use things like

344
00:16:09,280 --> 00:16:15,760
intake air temperature, our low side temperature.

345
00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:23,000
We're going to use things like exhaust gas temperature, our high side temperature.

346
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:27,640
So we have inputs and remember what kind of voltage Todd is our vehicles already running

347
00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:29,320
on all direct current.

348
00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:31,160
It's all DC easy to modulate.

349
00:16:31,160 --> 00:16:32,160
Right.

350
00:16:32,160 --> 00:16:35,240
So a lot of our sensors, we're just going to drop that voltage down.

351
00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:40,900
And what's funny about it is a lot of these thermistors on automotive are actually operating

352
00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:43,320
at five volts DC.

353
00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:44,320
Right.

354
00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:48,120
Depends on the manufacturer of the system, but there are very, there's a lot of them

355
00:16:48,120 --> 00:16:50,740
out there that are operating on a five volt DC platform.

356
00:16:50,740 --> 00:16:53,480
So we send in a positive five volt DC.

357
00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:55,320
We have a ground or neutral.

358
00:16:55,320 --> 00:17:00,780
And then based on the temperature, we have a variable DC voltage coming back out as an

359
00:17:00,780 --> 00:17:03,200
input over to our CPU.

360
00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:06,360
So we have low side temperatures on a vehicle.

361
00:17:06,360 --> 00:17:13,120
We have high side temperatures on a vehicle and we get over to our inverters.

362
00:17:13,120 --> 00:17:19,320
We've got, uh, we're back again.

363
00:17:19,320 --> 00:17:26,440
And most of these are actually going to operate on five DC, DC voltage.

364
00:17:26,440 --> 00:17:27,440
Right.

365
00:17:27,440 --> 00:17:29,000
So it all kind of converting it.

366
00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:30,000
Wait a minute.

367
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:31,320
How do we get the DC voltage?

368
00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:32,960
You run, let's hear it.

369
00:17:32,960 --> 00:17:38,400
Well, this board is going to do a wave replication from our, from our alternating current and

370
00:17:38,400 --> 00:17:41,920
incoming AC, incoming AC sine wave, right?

371
00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:45,000
Whether it's 240, 120, whatever it's going to be.

372
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:50,480
And it's going to convert it to a usable through, through, through a wave record vacation

373
00:17:50,480 --> 00:17:55,000
of an, of the inverter and turn it into a DC that we can use.

374
00:17:55,000 --> 00:18:00,280
And the beauty about DC is we don't have to worry too much about Ohm's law with adjusting

375
00:18:00,280 --> 00:18:01,280
the voltage.

376
00:18:01,280 --> 00:18:02,280
We can just adjust the voltage.

377
00:18:02,280 --> 00:18:06,480
I mean, you guys all have a drill motors out there when you take cabinets off, right?

378
00:18:06,480 --> 00:18:07,760
What do you do with that trigger?

379
00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:10,160
You can vary the trigger a little bit, right?

380
00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:11,960
Well, does the motor burn up?

381
00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:13,880
No, because direct current.

382
00:18:13,880 --> 00:18:14,880
Exactly.

383
00:18:14,880 --> 00:18:20,480
And when we put it into a three phase application, which even better, like say our compressors,

384
00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:25,720
you know, most of our compressors are going to be a three phase motor and we're then,

385
00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:27,880
we're not even changing the voltage.

386
00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:28,880
And we don't need a cap.

387
00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:30,360
No, not needed.

388
00:18:30,360 --> 00:18:35,720
We're just taking our high voltage and remember it's about 130% of the incoming AC voltage

389
00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:36,720
on average.

390
00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:42,200
So if I've got 120 volts AC going to it and I've got 120 volt AC mini split sitting right

391
00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:46,360
over here on the shelf that I use to tear apart for doing training purposes.

392
00:18:46,360 --> 00:18:52,920
So I've got 120 volts in and I've got like 150, 160 volts out for my DC.

393
00:18:52,920 --> 00:19:00,040
If I'm talking about a 240, 232, 40 volt power supply, I'm somewhere in that 300 volt DC

394
00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:01,040
output.

395
00:19:01,040 --> 00:19:03,600
So then I got all kinds of current, right?

396
00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:04,600
I got all kinds of voltage.

397
00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:07,960
I got my pressure, my voltage is pressure, remember?

398
00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:12,160
So I got my pressure behind me and if I want to fire a three phase motor, I just control

399
00:19:12,160 --> 00:19:18,520
the timing that I fire each of those three phases with a lot of nice power.

400
00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:20,620
Makes it nice and efficient, right?

401
00:19:20,620 --> 00:19:26,400
So now we've got our input in temperatures.

402
00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:31,680
So we can look at our low pressure temperatures or our low side temperatures, our high side

403
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:32,680
temperatures.

404
00:19:32,680 --> 00:19:34,360
Now we can start throwing them everywhere.

405
00:19:34,360 --> 00:19:39,160
When I did grocery refrigeration, I did a lot of new grocery startup and commissioning

406
00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:42,560
and I worked on some old ones too, but a lot of new stores, if there was something I wanted

407
00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:47,840
to monitor the temperature of, I just threw me out a thermistor and give it a location

408
00:19:47,840 --> 00:19:48,840
and went monitor this.

409
00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:51,440
And if I wanted to monitor two of them, I put two of them and I said, subtract this

410
00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:53,000
one from that one and give me what that number is.

411
00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:54,000
The average or the average.

412
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:55,660
Yeah, or average it.

413
00:19:55,660 --> 00:20:02,020
So all we're doing is we're just looking at different points so we can have precise calculations

414
00:20:02,020 --> 00:20:03,840
in our control.

415
00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:06,840
So let's, let's take it a little step further, right?

416
00:20:06,840 --> 00:20:08,640
You're ready?

417
00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:09,640
What about pressure?

418
00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:12,320
Anybody ever thought about pressure on a vehicle?

419
00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:13,320
Sure.

420
00:20:13,320 --> 00:20:14,760
No, a lot of people.

421
00:20:14,760 --> 00:20:15,760
I do.

422
00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:16,760
You do.

423
00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:17,760
Fuel, fuel rail pressure.

424
00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:18,760
Yeah.

425
00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:22,840
Income map pressure, manifold absolute pressure, exhaust manifold pressure.

426
00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:25,920
There's a variety of things that we look at on a vehicle.

427
00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:29,580
So let's look at say the map manifold, absolute pressure.

428
00:20:29,580 --> 00:20:32,240
We're looking at the air coming into the engine.

429
00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:34,180
That's on the low side of the system.

430
00:20:34,180 --> 00:20:38,200
We could also look at the EGR, the exhaust gas side of it.

431
00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:40,880
We can look at the pressure on that side.

432
00:20:40,880 --> 00:20:47,120
And now we have a pressure calculation, same five volt DC, nothing crazy.

433
00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:50,640
I mean, whatever the voltage is that it's using for the temperature thermistors, it's

434
00:20:50,640 --> 00:20:53,960
probably using the same voltage for the pressure transducers.

435
00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:55,680
What about boost pressure?

436
00:20:55,680 --> 00:20:59,160
Now we're going really positive instead of being negative on the low side, we're just

437
00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:04,880
going to be positive on that low side so that our output is multiplied.

438
00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:07,480
Pressure what happens if I increase the pressure on the low side?

439
00:21:07,480 --> 00:21:09,960
I'm going to increase the pressure on the high side as well.

440
00:21:09,960 --> 00:21:11,800
I'm going to increase, I increase input.

441
00:21:11,800 --> 00:21:13,720
I want to increase output.

442
00:21:13,720 --> 00:21:20,920
So now we've taken some temperature measurements and we've taken some pressure measurements

443
00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:26,160
and our processor has done some calculations on our controller.

444
00:21:26,160 --> 00:21:30,120
Well, what about our inverters?

445
00:21:30,120 --> 00:21:31,120
Pressure transducers.

446
00:21:31,120 --> 00:21:33,720
I told you what it is.

447
00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:38,280
It's another five volt DC pressure transducer so that we can read pressures on the low side

448
00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:40,720
and on the high side of the system.

449
00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,640
And for those of you who don't know what a pressure transducer say, you didn't get there.

450
00:21:43,640 --> 00:21:46,640
A lot of us have with, guess what?

451
00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:49,400
We're getting away from true old school manifolds.

452
00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:51,400
Exactly where I'm going with this.

453
00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:52,840
And we're using these right here in your hand.

454
00:21:52,840 --> 00:21:53,840
Your hose is nothing.

455
00:21:53,840 --> 00:21:54,840
No, absolutely.

456
00:21:54,840 --> 00:21:55,840
It's gone.

457
00:21:55,840 --> 00:22:00,560
And so that, it just turns into a Bluetooth signal and goes to your app.

458
00:22:00,560 --> 00:22:05,880
Measure quick, the testo, field piece, whatever app you use.

459
00:22:05,880 --> 00:22:09,480
And it spits out a number, a known number that you guys are used to seeing on your analogs.

460
00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:16,240
In fact, all digital manifold gauges, even with the hoses are pressure transducers.

461
00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:18,200
That is such a good analogy.

462
00:22:18,200 --> 00:22:19,200
So what are we doing?

463
00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:20,200
Right.

464
00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:21,760
Let's grab the old handy dandy testos.

465
00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:24,220
I knew I had my testos and I manifolds floating around.

466
00:22:24,220 --> 00:22:32,380
So if I'm talking about wireless gauges, digital gauges of any kind, any brand, any, any model

467
00:22:32,380 --> 00:22:36,560
you want, you ever notice what kind of batteries we're using in these?

468
00:22:36,560 --> 00:22:39,440
Usually AAA or double A's.

469
00:22:39,440 --> 00:22:41,040
DC voltage batteries.

470
00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:42,040
Yeah.

471
00:22:42,040 --> 00:22:45,400
So thermistor, we're sending a voltage.

472
00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:49,560
So we're using two, typically two double A's, 1.6 volts a piece, about three volts.

473
00:22:49,560 --> 00:22:54,800
So we send a three volt positive DC supply to our thermist, our temperature thermistor

474
00:22:54,800 --> 00:22:59,600
and a variable DC comes back and we send that variable signal back to our manifold, our

475
00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:00,600
calculator.

476
00:23:00,600 --> 00:23:01,600
Pressure.

477
00:23:01,600 --> 00:23:03,440
Or phone, whatever we're using.

478
00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:05,280
Pressure transducer, exact same way.

479
00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:10,120
All I have is a pressure transducer operated by DC voltage, whatever that variable DC voltage

480
00:23:10,120 --> 00:23:13,040
is, it comes back as a signal back to my processor.

481
00:23:13,040 --> 00:23:18,480
Well what happens when we put those on the piece of equipment and we leave them there?

482
00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:19,480
Well guess what?

483
00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:20,480
We do that all the time.

484
00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:21,960
They're on our high sides and low sides.

485
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:23,080
On a lot of equipment.

486
00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:24,680
People don't even realize this is where it gets fun.

487
00:23:24,680 --> 00:23:26,640
This is why I love talking about this stuff.

488
00:23:26,640 --> 00:23:27,640
We can make this real.

489
00:23:27,640 --> 00:23:30,560
We can go, oh my gosh, is it really this simple?

490
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:32,720
Yes, it is.

491
00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:36,960
So what are we going to do with our inputs on our CPU on a vehicle?

492
00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:40,580
We're just going to use it to control the capacity.

493
00:23:40,580 --> 00:23:45,240
We're going to control the pressure, the fuel going to our fuel injectors.

494
00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:50,840
We're going to control the voltage and the timing going to our ignition coil, which is

495
00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:55,400
now tied directly to our spark plugs so we don't lose it in wiring.

496
00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:56,400
We get over to our inverter.

497
00:23:56,400 --> 00:24:00,640
Well, and we're just going to operate electronic expansion valves.

498
00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:02,700
Remember, DC voltages still.

499
00:24:02,700 --> 00:24:07,840
We're going to operate fan motors, sometimes with DC voltage, sometimes a three phase.

500
00:24:07,840 --> 00:24:11,640
So it just depends on which style we use, depends on what the board wants to do.

501
00:24:11,640 --> 00:24:15,960
Actually, it depends on the horsepower of the motor that we're driving as much as anything.

502
00:24:15,960 --> 00:24:19,080
And also depends on the motor type too, but still an alternating current motor.

503
00:24:19,080 --> 00:24:22,040
Then we got to turn it into a frequency.

504
00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:23,040
Exactly.

505
00:24:23,040 --> 00:24:25,160
And so there's some different.

506
00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:26,160
Exactly.

507
00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:28,480
But like our DC voltage, we can check all that on our board.

508
00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:30,640
We've actually got DC test ports.

509
00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:34,960
I got to tear one apart and do some more inverter board training because they're simple to check

510
00:24:34,960 --> 00:24:35,960
them.

511
00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:36,960
Right.

512
00:24:36,960 --> 00:24:37,960
It's just like checking a car battery.

513
00:24:37,960 --> 00:24:39,960
We can actually check the DC voltage is on an inverter board.

514
00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:40,960
All right.

515
00:24:40,960 --> 00:24:47,280
So we got inputs, Todd, that goes to a processor that controls some outputs on a vehicle and

516
00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:48,280
on an inverter.

517
00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:49,280
All right.

518
00:24:49,280 --> 00:24:51,400
Well, thank you all so much for joining us.

519
00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:52,920
Any last minute things in the chat.

520
00:24:52,920 --> 00:24:54,520
It looks like we've pretty well got it all covered.

521
00:24:54,520 --> 00:24:55,800
A lot of good conversations.

522
00:24:55,800 --> 00:25:00,560
And if you need to get in touch with me, it's my name with HVCEdu.net.

523
00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:02,600
First name, ToDD.

524
00:25:02,600 --> 00:25:03,600
Absolutely.

525
00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:32,840
Have a wonderful evening and we will see you all next week on Did You Know?