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Welcome to the Windshield Chronicles, a mental sequence of operation.

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This episode brought to you by EWC Controls, Incorporated.

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Excellence without compromise is dedicated to bringing state of the art controls to the

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HVACR industry.

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Learn more at EWCControls.com.

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Well welcome everyone.

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Thank you all for joining Did You Know?, the ESCO HVAC show.

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Let me ask you a question.

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Has anyone ever explained to you how communicating HVAC systems work?

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What principle they come from?

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It's a very important topic that we really don't talk about a whole lot in the industry.

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And that's what we're here today to do is discuss how communicating systems work

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and get a better understanding of what that communicating thermostat does in relationship

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to the entire system.

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If we look at communicating systems in general, they really do have their roots in the same

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technology.

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I'm not going to say that they all talk the same way.

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We'll just say that they talk on the same network and they may speak slightly different

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languages but they all have their roots in the same type of communicating system.

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If we look at this reference from Eaton, Eaton will tell us that the RS-485 system has been

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around for a very long time, really developed back in the 1980s.

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And it's based on a 5 volt DC two wire principle, two wire communicating system.

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It could be up to four.

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Most of the time we're using two wires to develop that 5 volt DC signal but it is in

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reference to a ground or a common landed ground.

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And we have a positive signal that is in reference to ground and a negative signal that is in

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reference to ground.

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So how do we get to that point?

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Well, it's really not that complicated.

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It's very ingenious but not incredibly complicated.

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We take our AC power source starting at the furnace or air handler, our indoor unit, which

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is where our power source originates typically, right?

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That's where the power supply is.

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So we take our AC signal, we run that through some bridge rectification, we run it through

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diodes, we get that rectified into a DC signal, a reduced DC signal at about 5 volts DC.

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Then we will add a grounded reference point to it.

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And the network that we're going to talk about today, which is the climate talk network,

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which I would say that many manufacturers use this principle, we land that ground not

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exactly in the center of that 5 volt DC span.

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Remember, it's 5 volt DC, the height distance of our sine wave.

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We landed off center so that it is not directly in the middle of our reference point.

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So what we end up with in those two points is a 5 volt DC signal that is partially positive

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in reference to ground and partially negative in reference to ground.

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So now we have a place that we can start.

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Well, when we talk on that, we're not going to be able to listen in on what's being said

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on that but we can verify if our network is working properly so that we can start looking

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for issues, right?

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So if we reflect back on this RS485 platform and we can see here that it is a two wire

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data function, primarily this one is going to call it data plus and data negative.

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And then we might have our common and our ground, which is for our communication cable.

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But the work is really being done on those two terminals.

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Now let's look at a couple of different manufacturers and we'll try not to use names on these.

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If you are a technician that reads your service and installation manuals, these wiring diagrams

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will look different.

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They're coming from different manufacturers.

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This particular one is actually the one that we'll talk about the most today.

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But let's hone in on what that communicating looks like from this manufacturer.

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We are going to have a data line one, a data line two, then we're going to use two additional

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wires for 24 volts hot.

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Well what are we doing that for?

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Well our 24 volts hot R and C is the amount of current, the higher amount of current,

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the power that we're going to use to run that big fancy colored LED screen.

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It's also going to give us our capabilities of running Bluetooth and Wi-Fi and any type

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of a load that is on our controller.

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Data one and data two are going to be our five volt DC signals that we are going to

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use to communicate.

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That is our parallel communicating network.

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Well let's look at another manufacturer.

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I go, my goodness.

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I have another positive and negative signal and I'm using a common, so a ground reference

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point.

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So this particular manufacturer is using three wires.

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It is using common, which is a grounded common.

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So that is our ground reference point.

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It has a positive signal on A in reference to ground and a negative signal on B in reference

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to ground.

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If we look at this manufacturer, they are also using a four wire connection.

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We're using common and 24 volts AC for the load that is on the controller and we're using

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data A and data B. It just happens to be our DC communicating signal.

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We look at this other manufacturer, we'll see that we have our common and our R, our

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24 volt AC load and then now we have, this one is labeling it as I negative and I positive.

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Looky there.

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We have a negative reference and we have a positive reference once again.

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If we look at this one, we're going to see a four wire connection, two of those 24 volts

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AC and two of those labeled as a positive DC and a negative DC.

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So we look at this manufacturer, another reference of the exact same thing.

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So I'm not saying that all manufacturers use the exact same cause I have seen some variations

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of it, but I will say that the philosophy, the technology behind it all comes from a

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similar design.

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If we look back into the early technology of communicating systems, we will find this

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reference to the Climate Talk Alliance.

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The Climate Talk Alliance was a group of manufacturers that knew that technology was coming, 1990s,

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late 80s, early 90s.

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They knew that we were going to have more communicating systems in the industry, not

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just in the HVAC, but in the HVAC refrigeration and appliance sector.

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So many manufacturers got together and decided, hey, maybe we should have an open protocol

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going forward so that we can all talk on these same channels and so we don't all get mixed

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up along the way and technicians can have an easier opportunity to know how things function

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in this new communicating platform.

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Well, it happened for a few years, a couple of decades or so, and then it slowly started

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fizzling out as many manufacturers started creating their own coding used on their network.

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But the network itself is why we're here to talk about.

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The network is something that we can understand and we should understand.

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I got my first opportunity to dive into this communicating network back in my distributor

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days when I was doing teaching on a particular brand of communicating equipment.

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And I ended up with this amazing controller called the EWC, Excellence Without Compromise,

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UT3000 or the Ultra Talk 3000.

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And it is the only communicating zone control system that works with the Deakin communicating

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systems, particularly like the Deakin Fit.

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So I got to know my good friend, John Brown, in that time.

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John Brown is the chief engineer for EWC and he helped me understand this entire communicating

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network and how it all really comes back to understanding these DC communicating voltages

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and the things that can affect the path of our DC communicating voltage.

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And this really cool thing that just kind of blew my mind.

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The fact that that communicating thermostat doesn't necessarily have to be the brain,

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the control center of the equipment.

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One of the general philosophies in the field is that that communicating thermostat is the

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one and only component of that network that does the actual work, right?

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That we replaced our legacy thermostats that just had switches that did the work with a

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communicating thermostat that did the work for us.

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And you really helped me understand it's not that way.

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That it is a functional network.

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And in some instances, you don't even have to have a thermostat connected to a communicating

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system for it to be able to function properly.

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So I would like you all to meet my good friend, John Brown.

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And John is going to walk us through a little bit of technology in the communicating world.

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Welcome John.

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Thank you very much Clifton.

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Thank you very much.

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Really appreciate you allowing us to provide this information and increase the contractors

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knowledge base.

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Tech service managers, educators.

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This is going to be some important information.

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So we've got a lot to go on.

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So let's get started.

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Okay.

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Now this graphic you're looking at in front of you, of course, is a hybrid RS45 communicating

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network specifically for the Dakin communicating line of equipment.

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On the left, you see the outdoor inverter.

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This could be the FIT inverter or the original cube inverter.

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Notice in the middle, the indoor evaporator coil is no longer a TXV.

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It's an electronic expansion valve that also has a communicating circuit board.

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There's the communicating air handler and or furnace as part of the indoor package.

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And then on the lower right is the communicating block on the UT3000 zone controller.

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Think of this block like if that was the communicating thermostat.

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The UT3000 is essentially emulating the Dakin 1 communicating thermostat in that regard.

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Of course, above it, we do include the standard legacy output as well because there are some

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guys who might want to hook up a hot water coil instead of electric backup heat, various

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ancillary devices that we can accommodate and incorporate into the communicating network.

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Now what Clifton was talking about, extremely important here about these RS45 networks,

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they are all roughly basically the same.

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What varies, the baud rate with the data is moving on these networks as well as the hierarchy

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of these networks.

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That is, who's in charge?

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Who's really in charge?

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As Clifton pointed out, it's not necessarily the thermostat.

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In this case, it's not even necessarily the zone controller.

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In this scenario right here, take the zone controller out of the equation, put a Dakin

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1 right there on the lower right.

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The Dakin 1 thermostat is actually considered to be a subordinate entity on this network.

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The actual coordinator or the boss of this network, believe it or not, is the electronic

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expansion valve.

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I know, blows my mind to think about that, not even the indoor unit.

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If you think about it, think about what an important role a thermostat expansion valve

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plays in a standard HVAC system.

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It made sense that Dakin decided to make the electronic expansion valve the boss or the

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coordinator of this network.

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It knows what the superheat is, the subcooling.

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It knows what's going on and is coordinating all of this data with the outdoor unit, the

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furnace, the blower, the air handler, as well as the thermostat.

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The thermostat doesn't command and say, give me cooling.

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The thermostat says, can I get a chance to talk?

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Exactly.

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Can I get a chance to talk?

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I'd like to have 75% cooling, please.

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And the EEV takes it from there.

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It's really astonishing.

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It really is.

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And that's the thing to point out about that electronic expansion valve, that not everyone

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realizes that we are moving to electronic expansion valves to replace standard thermostatic

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expansion valves.

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But they are absolutely to our asset if we understand how they function.

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If we take this electronic expansion valve, I know this particular one, it has two temperature

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thermistors, one on the inlet evaporator, one on the outlet evaporator.

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And now we can start using a pressure transducer, a suction pressure transducer.

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And technicians go, oh my gosh, all that technology.

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And I go, what are you doing when you put your digital gauges on a piece of equipment?

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You are using a, by the way, a five volt DC pressure transducer to calculate the pressure

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of your suction so that your gauges have a number to work with.

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And we're also using a five volt DC potential temperature reading that we're going to measure

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the suction line.

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And now we have two mathematical numbers that we can calculate superheat with.

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Exactly.

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Well, doesn't it make sense just to put it at the electronic expansion valve and let

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the process begin at the component that does the metering?

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So if we know what the system is doing, if the system is functioning properly, we can

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read superheat without even putting a set of gauges on.

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Exactly.

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The fit inverter, when you place it into charge mode, which we're going to show you later

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on how to use the UT 3000 rather than the thermostat to place the equipment into system

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test and charge mode, it will actually tell you whether the subcooling is proper or not

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and whether you need to remove refrigerant or add refrigerant from the system itself.

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So it's really quite interesting.

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You saw the connections going from the zone control to each respective piece of equipment,

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parallel wiring and daisy chain and daisy chain configuration.

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We really would like for you to stick to that.

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Everything is in a row.

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You have a beginning to the network and an end to the network, but not everybody wires

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in this fashion.

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Quite often the data one and the data two wires from the outdoor unit, guys are just

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used to the old way of doing things and they bring them over to the air handler or the

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furnace.

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Now, this is actually a star configuration.

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It's not a daisy chain or series configuration.

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Sure.

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But just try to remember why are everything in a row and if you have different conductor

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types, that is you have stranded going outside, solid inside, you can't put these two different

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conductors into a single terminal block because the cage is not going to capture both of them

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properly.

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So the image you see in front of you is a best practice.

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You got a stranded unit coming from a stranded wire coming from the outdoor unit, a solid

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wire from the thermostat or the zone control.

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Fit everything on it.

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Make sure you don't twist too much and break one of those wires and make a single point

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connection to the terminal block.

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Remember low resistance connections is the key to keeping this network stable.

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So that's very important.

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It is John.

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One of the things that I had encountered with this exact same scenario is many a times with

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original solid conductor control arcs.

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We know with the application allows technicians are going to flush a line set.

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They're going to reuse to the original conductors and it is acceptable if things are installed

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properly.

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One of the things we have to understand is with that solid wire conductor that it might

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have passed current through properly on an AC load because remember our legacy thermostats

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had a switch and we were applying a load through that conductor for our thermostat wire.

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Now when we get to work with our communicating systems where we're talking about a different

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impedance and we're talking about a low amount of current passing through the wire, if we

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have a lot of corrosion on that wire, it is not going to make a solid connection.

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So I always recommend for technicians on all communicating systems, if we have existing

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wire, especially if there's existing wire nuts anywhere, cut them off, re strip down

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to fresh clean copper, put the wire nut on and then I always recommend to insulate those

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wire nuts with dielectric grease or with silicone.

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So we make sure we don't get any moisture in there to create oxidation, which can cause

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future issues.

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00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:06,680
You're exactly right, Clifton.

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I ran into this on a job.

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Believe it or not, I got a call from Hawaii.

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Well, this guy's splice connection from the indoor to the outdoor was so corroded, it

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simply would not communicate with the outdoor unit.

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It took him a while to find it, but he did, he cleaned it up and it worked like a charm.

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Thanks for pointing that out.

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Yeah, I always told guys if they have an issue with the outdoor unit not pulling up onto

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the network and the reusing wire, find the closest window or door, grab you a spool of

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fresh conductor wire, throw it outside and run you a fresh one.

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We've actually done that.

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Absolutely have done that.

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That's a quick way to find out.

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Okay, so, you know, installing a zone communicating system is challenging.

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You know, there's no why circuits to test.

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You can't use your meter to test C to W and stuff like that.

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It can be a bit challenging.

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But the most important thing with this is this equipment needs to be commissioned.

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It needs to be commissioned properly.

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And you initiate the commission process, typically through the thermostat.

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But we've seen some confusion in this and that, you know, sometimes the network doesn't

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configure, the thermostats can't find the equipment, the equipment, the zone control

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did but the stats didn't or nobody can find the equipment.

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And we've also seen some issues where the commission process can be affected because

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the contractor doesn't have thermostats turned off.

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Remember, commissioning that is equipment test and charging mode are commissioned functions.

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They're not cooling operations.

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So once these commands are sent to the equipment, they're forgotten about.

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If a thermostat in grandma's room is set to heat, the zone control is going to try to

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activate that.

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And you're suddenly you've got some dampers open and some dampers closed, which could

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inadvertently affect you the outcome of your equipment test or your charging mode in your

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sub cooling values.

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Sure.

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You're low across evaporator.

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Right.

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So what we've done is we've devised a way for the zone control to perform these functions

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for you without using the thermostats.

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Not even connected, not even connected, Clifton, right?

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The thermostats won't even be connected until the third part of the commission process.

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Now, of course, you got to install the equipment first, right?

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So you want to install your day can system indoor and outdoor components following the

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specific Diken guideline and guidance.

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You want to include all required mechanical aspects, structural support, properly sized

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duct, a condensate removal system, a flu vent piping system as applicable for, you know,

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the efficiency of your of your furnace, perhaps complete the refrigerant line set connections

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per Daken guidance and industry standards.

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Make sure you put in a liquid line filter dryer close to the EEV, not outside anymore,

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right?

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Close to the EEV to protect that component.

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Oil traps are important.

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Don't forget them.

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Connect your manifold gauges, evacuate the line set and the evaporator coil.

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When all the non condensables have been removed, the line set and the coil are leak free.

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Open the service per Diken I instructions.

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You're going to install the UT 3000 zone controller.

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Go ahead and mount the dampers.

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Do all the wiring for that.

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Following the tech bulletin guidance from UT from EWC controls.

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00:20:52,800 --> 00:20:55,600
Don't mount the thermostats.

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You've ran the wire, the plates are on the wall, but leave the thermostat right there

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on the table.

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Don't mount the thermostats just yet.

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Go ahead route and connect all your electrical wiring.

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Just don't connect the stats.

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Sure.

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Energize, power up, power up the equipment.

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Yep.

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Power it up.

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Typical wait time is about five to seven minutes for the entire network to configure.

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It varies.

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It can be three minutes.

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It can be five, six, seven minutes.

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That's the typical wait time.

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What you want to look for, don't cover up the EEV circuit board.

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Leave the cover off.

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00:21:35,520 --> 00:21:36,520
Exactly.

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Leave that off.

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This is the boss of the network.

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Remember, it's going to tell you if something's wrong.

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Okay.

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So don't cover up the EEV circuit board.

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Also pay attention to the LCD screen on the UT 3000.

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If the EEV board displays E77, the network has not configured.

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00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:06,200
If the UT 3000 does not display a valid outdoor temperature, it says the outdoor air sensor

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is bad.

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00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:08,200
Guess what?

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00:22:08,200 --> 00:22:09,480
The sensor is not bad.

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00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:10,480
It simply can't fly.

335
00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:11,480
It's just not there yet.

336
00:22:11,480 --> 00:22:12,480
Yeah.

337
00:22:12,480 --> 00:22:14,360
I can't see the outdoor unit.

338
00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:18,080
So some troubleshooting is going to be required.

339
00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:19,880
Not much, a little bit.

340
00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:23,920
E77 meaning I can't configure the network.

341
00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:26,560
I can't talk to the outdoor unit.

342
00:22:26,560 --> 00:22:29,160
I don't see a complete system.

343
00:22:29,160 --> 00:22:30,160
Exactly.

344
00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:31,320
This is a clue.

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00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:33,800
The zone board might see the air handler.

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00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:40,760
It might see the furnace, but it can't see the outdoor unit if it displays OAS bad.

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00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:44,160
Now believe it or not, I've had guys tell John, I replaced the sensor.

348
00:22:44,160 --> 00:22:46,880
It's still, it's not the sensor.

349
00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:47,880
It's the sensor.

350
00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:50,800
It's the data wires going outside.

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00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:53,600
The network has not configured.

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00:22:53,600 --> 00:23:01,940
So as Clifton pointed out, these voltages by equipment combinations and manufacturers

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can vary.

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00:23:03,560 --> 00:23:10,400
The key is knowing what these voltages are supposed to be when all of your wiring is

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00:23:10,400 --> 00:23:11,400
correct.

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00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:12,400
Yes.

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00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:13,400
Okay.

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00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:17,320
No matter which manufacturer you're working on, if you know what the voltages are supposed

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00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:23,480
to be, and if you know what the Delta between these data lines are supposed to be, you can

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00:23:23,480 --> 00:23:31,720
create a good highway and a stable highway for the data to move on and your system will

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function.

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00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:38,840
John Brown, EWC, excellent without compromise.

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00:23:38,840 --> 00:23:40,800
Once again, thank you.

364
00:23:40,800 --> 00:23:41,800
You're welcome, Clifton.

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00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:42,800
Thank you very much.

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00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:43,800
Thank you everybody.

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00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:44,800
Thank you everybody.

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00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:45,920
Everyone have a wonderful evening.

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00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:48,920
We'll see you again next week on Did You Know?

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00:23:48,920 --> 00:24:16,160
The Esco H-Faction.