1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:14,560 Welcome to Students Incorporated, a podcast exploring the topics of business, education, 2 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:16,160 technology and design. 3 00:00:16,160 --> 00:00:17,600 I'm your host, Mr. Jason. 4 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:23,960 Join me weekly as my team and I produce content that's informative, positive, fun and uplifting. 5 00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:28,440 Episodes include student conversations, interviews with thought leaders and inspirational stories 6 00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:29,800 with an international flavor. 7 00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:34,000 This podcast is created and produced with the help of students from the International 8 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:40,400 Community School of Bangkok. 9 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:42,520 Hello everyone and welcome back to the show. 10 00:00:42,520 --> 00:00:47,840 I'm Mr. Jason and I'm joined by Yen Hao and our special guest for our first segment, Mr. 11 00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:48,840 Darrow. 12 00:00:48,840 --> 00:00:53,820 We are excited to ask Mr. Darrow some questions about space and the frontier beyond earth. 13 00:00:53,820 --> 00:00:58,420 Then for segment two, we'll continue with part four of the secrets of El Dorado. 14 00:00:58,420 --> 00:01:02,400 But before we take a trip into space with Mr. Darrow, let's hear our quote of the day 15 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:04,400 and get some headline news. 16 00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:07,000 Our quote of the day comes from Kalpana Tshalo. 17 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:12,720 She said, When you look at the stars in the galaxy, you feel that you are not just from 18 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:16,480 any particular piece of land but from the solar system. 19 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:20,800 This quote suggests that gazing at the vastness of the stars and galaxy can evoke a sense 20 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:25,200 of interconnectedness to a larger universe beyond just our immediate surroundings. 21 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:29,600 It implies that our wonder and awe should extend beyond just our earth but to the heavens 22 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:30,600 as well. 23 00:01:30,600 --> 00:01:34,320 By recognizing our place within the great big cosmos, we may feel a deeper connection 24 00:01:34,320 --> 00:01:36,400 to our creator and all that he's made. 25 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:38,000 And that's our quote of the day. 26 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:40,120 Now onto some headline news. 27 00:01:40,120 --> 00:01:41,120 Thank you Yen Hao. 28 00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:43,720 Here's some headline space news from around the universe. 29 00:01:43,720 --> 00:01:45,800 Our first news piece comes from Mars. 30 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:51,540 Unfortunately for enthusiasts of ancient Martian life, the amount of trapped water on Mars, 31 00:01:51,540 --> 00:01:56,860 a crucial indicator of its ability to support life, has been suggested to be less than it 32 00:01:56,860 --> 00:01:58,580 was originally supposed. 33 00:01:58,580 --> 00:02:04,580 New research at Altrek University in the Netherlands has indicated that gullies on the Martian 34 00:02:04,580 --> 00:02:10,240 surface may have been caused by rapidly exploding dry ice instead of being carved out by the 35 00:02:10,240 --> 00:02:11,240 flow of water. 36 00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:17,240 During the war, the large amounts of CO2 gas in Mars' atmosphere freezes and turns into 37 00:02:17,240 --> 00:02:18,240 ice. 38 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:22,720 As temperatures increase again, they revert back to their gaseous state, and the transformation 39 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:27,840 is accompanied by large releases of energy in the form of an explosion. 40 00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:32,000 This new theory will likely be met with a lot of scrutiny, but it's still in a long 41 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:34,820 list of other different theories. 42 00:02:34,820 --> 00:02:37,000 Next let's see what's happening on the moon. 43 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:41,600 As historical allies, China and Russia have decided to further their partnership by planning 44 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:47,780 on building an automated nuclear reactor on the moon by 2035, which will provide power 45 00:02:47,780 --> 00:02:53,600 for the proposed lunar base that both countries have also decided to partner on building. 46 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:55,780 Next what's going on with SpaceX? 47 00:02:55,780 --> 00:03:02,280 An article from Space News on March 19th states that about SpaceX's recent third test launch 48 00:03:02,280 --> 00:03:04,400 of its heaviest vehicle Starship. 49 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:09,260 The article states, SpaceX hopes to conduct the next launch of its Starship vehicle as 50 00:03:09,260 --> 00:03:15,480 soon as early May, a schedule that depends on how quickly it can get amended launch license. 51 00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:21,180 Speaking at the Satellite 2024 conference March 19th, Gwynne Shotwell, president and 52 00:03:21,180 --> 00:03:25,960 chief operating officer of SpaceX, said the company was still reviewing the data from 53 00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:31,000 the vehicle's third integrated launch March 14th, but expected to be ready to fly again 54 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:32,000 soon. 55 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,880 We're still going through the data from the flight, she said, when asked about the analysis 56 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:37,200 of data from the mission. 57 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:41,200 It was an incredibly successful flight, we hit exactly where we wanted to go. 58 00:03:41,200 --> 00:03:45,400 In that launch, both the Super Heavy booster and the Starship upper stage performed as 59 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:51,000 expected on its ascent, placing the vehicle on its planned sub-orbital trajectory. 60 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:56,360 Starship's payload door was opened while in space, and a propellant transfer demonstration, 61 00:03:56,360 --> 00:03:59,880 moving liquid oxygen between two tanks in the vehicle, was initiated. 62 00:03:59,880 --> 00:04:05,040 However, a planned re-light of the Starship's Raptor engines while in space did not take 63 00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:09,720 place, which the company blamed on a roll induced in the vehicle. 64 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:15,000 In re-entry, the vehicle broke apart at about 65 kilometers altitude. 65 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:19,320 The Super Heavy booster also exploded during the final stages of its descent to the Gulf 66 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:22,620 of Mexico during a planned landing burn. 67 00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:26,800 And finally, if you happen to live in Mexico or the southern or eastern parts of the United 68 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:29,400 States, you're in for a treat on April 8th. 69 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:34,160 You'll get to witness a total solar eclipse, which will last over 4 minutes long. 70 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:40,120 The daytime darkness will affect 15 states within the United States, from Texas to Maine 71 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:42,000 and all the states in between. 72 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:46,620 And that ends our headline space news. 73 00:04:46,620 --> 00:04:51,040 We are back for our first segment of this episode and we are joined by Mr. Darrell along 74 00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:52,840 with co-host Yen How. 75 00:04:52,840 --> 00:04:57,760 We are here to have a discussion about space, that stuff that's beyond Earth, what's out 76 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:00,440 there and how can we study it properly. 77 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:03,320 We are hoping Mr. Darrell can help us set the record straight. 78 00:05:03,320 --> 00:05:06,680 Okay, Yen How, we'll start off with the first question. 79 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:10,440 Hi, and thank you for agreeing to be on the podcast. 80 00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:14,120 Could you introduce yourself and give us a brief overview of what you do? 81 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:15,120 Certainly. 82 00:05:15,120 --> 00:05:21,040 My name is Darrell Holst and I teach high school science at ICS Bangkok. 83 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:24,080 Among the subjects I teach is an astronomy course. 84 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:31,160 I grew up in a place that had quite dark night skies, unlike Bangkok, and enjoyed looking 85 00:05:31,160 --> 00:05:33,200 up at the night sky. 86 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:38,960 In university, I had the opportunity to work as an astronomy lab assistant and became a 87 00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:41,840 bit more familiar with observing the universe. 88 00:05:41,840 --> 00:05:47,480 Alright, that sounds like you've always had an interest in looking up to the stars. 89 00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:52,240 To begin, maybe we can go back in time a bit for some history about this subject. 90 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:58,140 How did ancient civilizations use astronomy and the study of the stars and planets in 91 00:05:58,140 --> 00:05:59,680 their daily lives? 92 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:04,800 We have archaeological evidence that ancient civilizations kept track of the movements 93 00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:07,480 of the sun, moon, and stars. 94 00:06:07,480 --> 00:06:13,000 Think of Stonehenge or the Mayan pyramids which are precisely aligned to show the cycle 95 00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:15,560 of the sun throughout the year. 96 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:20,800 These cycles could help those people to know when to hold a festival or when it would be 97 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:26,960 safe to set off on a sea voyage, when crops should be planted, or when eclipses might 98 00:06:26,960 --> 00:06:28,400 occur. 99 00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:33,520 It does not appear to be a coincidence that the heavens are useful in this way. 100 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:38,200 According to the very first chapter of the first book of the bible, God created the sun, 101 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:44,440 moon, and stars to serve as signs to mark sacred times and days and years. 102 00:06:44,440 --> 00:06:48,920 Additionally, through observing the patterns in the heavens, these ancient peoples were 103 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:53,440 able to observe that many events in the natural world are predictable. 104 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,640 It's interesting how all these ancient civilizations can come up with this kind of technology to 105 00:06:57,640 --> 00:06:59,800 track the time. 106 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:05,720 But fast forward to 2024, what ways does studying astronomy and the universe benefit modern 107 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:08,580 society and our understanding of the cosmos? 108 00:07:08,580 --> 00:07:13,600 One thing it lets us know is the limits on our understanding. 109 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:19,960 When we read astronomy news, we see that there are huge discoveries happening regularly. 110 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:24,480 Sometimes we're tempted to think science has everything just about figured out, but 111 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:29,120 looking at the basic questions that we're still answering, we find we're nowhere near 112 00:07:29,120 --> 00:07:31,320 having all the answers. 113 00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:37,440 Second thing is the awe-inspiring grandeur of seeing stars that are so big and have so 114 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:41,660 much power that we cannot even wrap our minds around them. 115 00:07:41,660 --> 00:07:45,880 Think about how hot the sun can feel on a sunny day here on Earth. 116 00:07:45,880 --> 00:07:51,240 It's giving off an incredible amount of energy, and only the tiniest sliver is hitting the 117 00:07:51,240 --> 00:07:52,240 earth. 118 00:07:52,240 --> 00:07:57,280 If you want to understand the size of the sun, it would take 100 Earth-sized planets 119 00:07:57,280 --> 00:08:01,840 side by sides to make a line across the middle of the sun. 120 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:06,880 If we compare the sun to the largest star that we've observed, it would take a line 121 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:15,280 of more than 1,700 suns set side by side to make a line across from one side to the other 122 00:08:15,280 --> 00:08:16,680 of that star. 123 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:22,700 Now let's realize that the typical galaxy has 100 billion stars in it, that's billion 124 00:08:22,700 --> 00:08:28,560 with a B, and there's evidence that there are 2 trillion galaxies in the universe. 125 00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:35,220 Studying astronomy can lead us to an endless stream of saying, wow, over and over again. 126 00:08:35,220 --> 00:08:40,720 Can you describe the process that an astronomer uses to observe and study the known universe? 127 00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:43,080 What does that look like and how do they do it? 128 00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:50,640 Sure, the nearest stars are so far away from us that humans haven't even gotten close 129 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:52,520 to traveling to them. 130 00:08:52,520 --> 00:08:58,280 So if we think what's available for us to study from these stars, the answer to that 131 00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:00,080 would be light. 132 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:05,240 Scientists have found that we can pass starlight through a prism and separate it out into a 133 00:09:05,240 --> 00:09:07,920 rainbow of colors or a spectrum. 134 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:11,240 We call this study spectroscopy. 135 00:09:11,240 --> 00:09:16,280 When scientists analyze one of these spectra, they find that most of the information they 136 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:21,280 would like to know about the star is encoded into that star's spectrum of light. 137 00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:26,780 What elements the star is made of, how large it is, how much mass it has, how fast it's 138 00:09:26,780 --> 00:09:31,020 moving toward us or away from us, how fast it's rotating. 139 00:09:31,020 --> 00:09:36,840 This might make us ask, is it just a coincidence that the information we want to know is encoded 140 00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:40,760 into the starlight in a way that we can observe and understand it? 141 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:48,360 I read a story of an astrophysicist who asked herself that question and decided, that just 142 00:09:48,360 --> 00:09:50,880 seems unbelievable to me. 143 00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:57,320 That led her to pursue and get to know the god that not only made the universe, but placed 144 00:09:57,320 --> 00:09:59,640 the information where we could find it. 145 00:09:59,640 --> 00:10:03,960 Okay, some of those studies sound like what we're doing in AP Physics 2 right now, which 146 00:10:03,960 --> 00:10:09,800 is kind of interesting because that just shows how much these different fields can overlap 147 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:11,720 and contribute to the same thing. 148 00:10:11,720 --> 00:10:17,080 I'm curious, have there been any recent discoveries that a common person would not know about? 149 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:18,560 Yeah, perhaps. 150 00:10:18,560 --> 00:10:26,360 1916, Einstein predicted that there would be gravitational waves, waves of energy that 151 00:10:26,360 --> 00:10:30,120 move through gravitational fields at the speed of light. 152 00:10:30,120 --> 00:10:36,440 It took us over a hundred years, but scientists now have evidence that they have observed 153 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:38,500 these gravitational waves. 154 00:10:38,500 --> 00:10:44,080 In preparation to answer these questions today, I reached out to an ICS alum from the class 155 00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:48,600 of 2022 who's studying astronomy in Scotland. 156 00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:53,520 He had mentioned that members of the university were involved in early research in gravitational 157 00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:54,880 waves. 158 00:10:54,880 --> 00:11:00,160 He mentioned that one type of these waves, the act of gravitational waves, can be formed 159 00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:06,160 by black hole binaries where there's two black holes orbiting around each other. 160 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:11,960 These gravitational waves act as distance indicators and can allow us to measure the 161 00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:13,600 Hubble constant. 162 00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:19,720 Getting good results of this constant would allow us to determine the geometry of space-time 163 00:11:19,720 --> 00:11:20,720 itself. 164 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:25,480 We've found different ways to measure the Hubble constant, but today different techniques 165 00:11:25,480 --> 00:11:28,600 give us two different values for it. 166 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:33,640 As our technology has developed and our techniques have improved, scientists felt that our data 167 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:40,240 would start to match up more and more closely, but so far what we've found is that we're 168 00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:44,800 not getting any closer at all to resolving this apparent conflict. 169 00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:50,880 This would suggest that there's possibly something wrong with our best model of the universe. 170 00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:54,480 That's super interesting, especially with the whole idea of Hubble constant. 171 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:56,400 I've never heard that before. 172 00:11:56,400 --> 00:12:00,800 While we are on this subject of things like common people probably don't know or have 173 00:12:00,800 --> 00:12:03,640 never thought about, here's my next question. 174 00:12:03,640 --> 00:12:06,160 Can you explain the concepts of dark matter? 175 00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:09,040 Is it a theory or is it actually true? 176 00:12:09,040 --> 00:12:13,920 There's a range of views among scientists regarding dark matter. 177 00:12:13,920 --> 00:12:19,080 Dark matter is a form of matter that does not appear to interact with other observable 178 00:12:19,080 --> 00:12:20,160 matter. 179 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:26,920 It appears we can't measure it by saying placing it on a scale or we can't see it, 180 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:28,140 we can't feel it. 181 00:12:28,140 --> 00:12:32,760 So we might ask, well, why would they suggest that it's there at all? 182 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:37,880 Without dark matter, it seems there's not enough mass in galaxies to keep them from 183 00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:41,540 flying apart given the speed at which they're rotating. 184 00:12:41,540 --> 00:12:45,420 Take a look at the Milky Way and it looks like it should be torn apart. 185 00:12:45,420 --> 00:12:49,680 How much dark matter do we need to add to make the data fit? 186 00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:56,400 According to many models, 85% of all matter in the universe has to be dark matter. 187 00:12:56,400 --> 00:13:01,140 This isn't adding just a little bit of mass around the edges to top things up. 188 00:13:01,140 --> 00:13:04,280 This is most of the mass of the universe. 189 00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:09,640 Scientists who propose that there is no dark matter suggest maybe we have misunderstood 190 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:15,280 something about how gravity works and if we understood gravity better, there wouldn't 191 00:13:15,280 --> 00:13:18,480 be a need for this mysterious dark matter. 192 00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:24,560 If I could come back to your initial question for a moment, is it a theory or is it true? 193 00:13:24,560 --> 00:13:27,480 In science, a theory has a special meaning. 194 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:33,220 A theory would be a well-established explanation of an aspect of the natural world supported 195 00:13:33,220 --> 00:13:39,360 by evidence from many different areas of science that all point to the same explanation. 196 00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:43,300 In scientific terms, a theory is quite reliable. 197 00:13:43,300 --> 00:13:47,280 But dark matter isn't a theory in the scientific sense. 198 00:13:47,280 --> 00:13:48,780 It's not that established. 199 00:13:48,780 --> 00:13:52,200 Now for the other question, is it true? 200 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:55,360 It's a hard question for science to answer. 201 00:13:55,360 --> 00:14:01,200 Science tells us very little about things that are absolutely true and can never change. 202 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:06,320 If we find new evidence that doesn't fit our current hypothesis or theories, we need 203 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:11,840 to be ready to throw out the old ideas and look toward a new model or idea that better 204 00:14:11,840 --> 00:14:17,080 explains what we observe so that science might not be able to tell us if it's true. 205 00:14:17,080 --> 00:14:29,240 So this topic sounds pretty controversial and also unusual. 206 00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:33,320 Well I could think of a couple of examples here. 207 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:34,760 One is our sun. 208 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:37,480 Our sun is a bit unusual. 209 00:14:37,480 --> 00:14:42,080 It's estimated that 85% of stars are binary stars. 210 00:14:42,080 --> 00:14:46,040 That is, they have two stars rotating around each other. 211 00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:53,540 But when we look at even these remaining stars, which are not binaries, we find another feature 212 00:14:53,540 --> 00:14:56,120 that's exceptional about our sun. 213 00:14:56,120 --> 00:15:04,040 A 2020 study found that our sun is much less active and is more consistent in its energy 214 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:08,640 output compared to other stars that are nearly identical to our sun. 215 00:15:08,640 --> 00:15:11,340 So we might ask, why does that matter? 216 00:15:11,340 --> 00:15:16,340 These features of the sun are necessary for life to be supported in our solar system. 217 00:15:16,340 --> 00:15:21,880 If the sun had wild fluctuations in energy output like other stars, the earth would be 218 00:15:21,880 --> 00:15:28,140 roasted for a time followed by a period where it freezes solid and life wouldn't be able 219 00:15:28,140 --> 00:15:29,460 to survive. 220 00:15:29,460 --> 00:15:36,980 One other surprising example comes from an image produced in 2022 that scientists understand 221 00:15:36,980 --> 00:15:41,680 to show a very early time in the history of the universe. 222 00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:47,100 It showed many large and well-developed galaxies in a place where they did not expect any galaxies 223 00:15:47,100 --> 00:15:48,100 to form. 224 00:15:48,100 --> 00:15:52,760 We're always finding things that we don't expect and this pushes us to learn more and 225 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:56,260 come up with new models to explain what we observe. 226 00:15:56,260 --> 00:16:02,460 Our next question has to do with us and people in our tendency to leave our debris and trash 227 00:16:02,460 --> 00:16:06,380 everywhere we go, including space. 228 00:16:06,380 --> 00:16:10,800 With the increase of space debris orbiting earth, how does this problem affect current 229 00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:13,240 and future space missions? 230 00:16:13,240 --> 00:16:19,500 And we all know that Starlink is up there with many, many scores of satellites now giving 231 00:16:19,500 --> 00:16:22,500 internet to different continents. 232 00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:25,100 But this causes problems, right? 233 00:16:25,100 --> 00:16:26,100 That's right. 234 00:16:26,100 --> 00:16:27,100 Yeah. 235 00:16:27,100 --> 00:16:29,020 That's a good question. 236 00:16:29,020 --> 00:16:36,200 There are around 8,000 tons of space debris orbiting the earth right now. 237 00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:42,940 We have evidence that there are 130 million pieces that are smaller than 1 centimeter 238 00:16:42,940 --> 00:16:48,180 and maybe 34,000 pieces larger than 10 centimeters. 239 00:16:48,180 --> 00:16:56,060 NASA is currently tracking 23,000 objects 24 hours a day to see where they're at. 240 00:16:56,060 --> 00:16:57,060 What does it matter? 241 00:16:57,060 --> 00:17:02,620 Well, a newly launched satellite could be taken out by a piece of space debris that's 242 00:17:02,620 --> 00:17:05,220 in the wrong place at the wrong time. 243 00:17:05,220 --> 00:17:08,060 That would be a huge loss. 244 00:17:08,060 --> 00:17:13,980 Communication and GPS satellites could be lost and then those services could be disrupted. 245 00:17:13,980 --> 00:17:19,980 But perhaps the most concerning is that missions involving human space travel could end in 246 00:17:19,980 --> 00:17:20,980 tragedy. 247 00:17:20,980 --> 00:17:23,300 So, yeah, I've got a follow-up question then. 248 00:17:23,300 --> 00:17:26,980 It has to do with this debris and stuff that's floating around earth. 249 00:17:26,980 --> 00:17:28,700 How do they clean that up? 250 00:17:28,700 --> 00:17:33,220 Is there some kind of special program or technology or is there something that maybe you know 251 00:17:33,220 --> 00:17:35,740 that they're working on? 252 00:17:35,740 --> 00:17:43,140 So the first goal is to eliminate the production of new space debris from future missions. 253 00:17:43,140 --> 00:17:48,700 In the past, the amount of junk that space missions left behind in orbit wasn't really 254 00:17:48,700 --> 00:17:49,700 considered. 255 00:17:49,700 --> 00:17:57,100 Now, nets and robots are being developed which could be launched into orbit and they could 256 00:17:57,100 --> 00:18:03,040 target and capture the debris that's there and then send them on a path which could 257 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:05,700 allow them to burn up in the atmosphere. 258 00:18:05,700 --> 00:18:08,300 Progress is being made in this area. 259 00:18:08,300 --> 00:18:15,140 The European Space Agency has a plan involving removal via a robotic arm that they would 260 00:18:15,140 --> 00:18:19,220 launch and that's scheduled for 2025. 261 00:18:19,220 --> 00:18:24,380 So on the topic of new inventions such as that robot arm, basically, how have recent 262 00:18:24,380 --> 00:18:29,620 technological advances changed the way astronauts observe and study the universe? 263 00:18:29,620 --> 00:18:34,540 Like are there any new tools, technologies, or gadgets that are introduced or? 264 00:18:34,540 --> 00:18:39,140 The James Webb's telescope is one amazing new tool. 265 00:18:39,140 --> 00:18:46,120 Back in 1993, the Hubble Space Telescope began functioning properly and it gave us amazing 266 00:18:46,120 --> 00:18:51,020 new views of the universe and allowed us to see things we had never seen before. 267 00:18:51,020 --> 00:18:58,380 But technology has progressed so much since 1993 that finally in 2022, the James Webb 268 00:18:58,380 --> 00:19:04,540 gave us new views of familiar objects in the universe as well as allowing us to see things 269 00:19:04,540 --> 00:19:06,140 we had never seen before. 270 00:19:06,140 --> 00:19:11,060 Earlier, I mentioned the image of galaxies where we did not expect them to be found. 271 00:19:11,060 --> 00:19:16,540 That was the first image released to the public from the James Webb Telescope. 272 00:19:16,540 --> 00:19:22,540 It uses infrared wavelengths of light that are especially good at seeing through clouds 273 00:19:22,540 --> 00:19:29,300 of dust and so we've been able to see stars forming in a way that hasn't been possible 274 00:19:29,300 --> 00:19:30,300 before. 275 00:19:30,300 --> 00:19:35,500 Also, the resolution of this telescope is so good, we've been able to get a direct 276 00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:37,880 image of an exoplanet. 277 00:19:37,880 --> 00:19:43,260 That is a planet that's orbiting a star outside of our solar system. 278 00:19:43,260 --> 00:19:45,620 And this is just the beginning. 279 00:19:45,620 --> 00:19:50,460 Hopefully we'll be able to analyze data sending back to us for many years to come. 280 00:19:50,460 --> 00:19:53,780 The James Webb Telescope, where is that located at? 281 00:19:53,780 --> 00:19:55,180 In orbit around Earth. 282 00:19:55,180 --> 00:19:56,180 In orbit? 283 00:19:56,180 --> 00:19:57,180 Okay. 284 00:19:57,180 --> 00:20:00,780 Alright, so we'd like to end our guest interview by asking them some advice. 285 00:20:00,780 --> 00:20:05,140 So if you don't mind Mr. Darrell, we'd like to ask you some of your advice. 286 00:20:05,140 --> 00:20:09,980 So our final question is, what advice would you give someone who is not necessarily an 287 00:20:09,980 --> 00:20:15,620 astronomer but likes to look up at the night sky and ponder? 288 00:20:15,620 --> 00:20:20,900 First I would encourage them to look up at the night sky wherever they are. 289 00:20:20,900 --> 00:20:27,060 Bangkok is not an ideal place for seeing countless stars but there are still wonderful things 290 00:20:27,060 --> 00:20:28,680 to see here. 291 00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:34,300 Many times Mr. Chris or Mr. Jeremy or some other teacher will come up and excitedly ask 292 00:20:34,300 --> 00:20:37,140 me, did you see Jupiter yesterday? 293 00:20:37,140 --> 00:20:40,480 Or did you see Venus this morning? 294 00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:43,340 Wonder can be found wherever you are. 295 00:20:43,340 --> 00:20:48,180 Bangkok sky can be like a beginner's version of the night sky. 296 00:20:48,180 --> 00:20:52,620 If you learn the stars and planets that you can see in Bangkok sky, they can serve as 297 00:20:52,620 --> 00:20:57,820 markers for you to find your way around when you get to a place with nice dark skies. 298 00:20:57,820 --> 00:21:03,540 I don't know if this is advice exactly but one thing that I note, when people look at 299 00:21:03,540 --> 00:21:09,260 the vastness of space and ponder the universe, I see two common reactions. 300 00:21:09,260 --> 00:21:14,100 Carl Sagan gives one possible reaction in a quote that he said, 301 00:21:14,100 --> 00:21:21,140 We find that we live on an insignificant planet of a humdrum star lost between two spiral 302 00:21:21,140 --> 00:21:27,660 arms in the outskirts of a galaxy which is a member of a sparse cluster of galaxies tucked 303 00:21:27,660 --> 00:21:33,380 away in some forgotten corner of a universe in which there are far more galaxies than 304 00:21:33,380 --> 00:21:34,380 people. 305 00:21:34,380 --> 00:21:39,780 I can compare that to the reaction of King David talking to God when he writes in Psalm 306 00:21:39,780 --> 00:21:45,580 8, When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars which 307 00:21:45,580 --> 00:21:51,380 you have set in place, what is mankind that you are mindful of them, human beings that 308 00:21:51,380 --> 00:21:52,540 you care for them? 309 00:21:52,540 --> 00:21:58,300 This starts off sounding similar to Carl Sagan's quote a moment ago but King David goes on 310 00:21:58,300 --> 00:22:04,200 to say, You have made them a little lower than the angels and crowned them with glory 311 00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:05,340 and honor. 312 00:22:05,340 --> 00:22:08,240 You made them rulers over the works of your hands. 313 00:22:08,240 --> 00:22:10,180 You put everything under their feet. 314 00:22:10,180 --> 00:22:17,220 I would encourage anyone to likewise ponder the amazing universe we can observe and our 315 00:22:17,220 --> 00:22:18,220 place in it. 316 00:22:18,220 --> 00:22:19,220 Alright, thank you. 317 00:22:19,220 --> 00:22:24,540 As we end this segment, we'd like for you to read our top 10 list titled, The Top 10 318 00:22:24,540 --> 00:22:27,380 Facts About Space You Probably Don't Know. 319 00:22:27,380 --> 00:22:30,620 Mr. Darrow, go ahead and start with number 10. 320 00:22:30,620 --> 00:22:39,100 Number 10. 321 00:22:39,100 --> 00:22:42,660 In space, no one can hear you scream. 322 00:22:42,660 --> 00:22:43,860 Literally. 323 00:22:43,860 --> 00:22:49,160 Sound waves need a medium to travel through and since space is a vacuum, it's the quietest 324 00:22:49,160 --> 00:22:51,980 place you'll never hear. 325 00:22:51,980 --> 00:22:53,480 Number 9. 326 00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:59,700 Our Milky Way galaxy is spinning at about 225 kilometers per second. 327 00:22:59,700 --> 00:23:04,640 So even if you're sitting still here on Earth, just know that you're hurtling through space 328 00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:07,780 at breakneck speeds. 329 00:23:07,780 --> 00:23:09,700 Next is number 8. 330 00:23:09,700 --> 00:23:17,020 A day on Venus, the time it takes to complete one rotation, is longer than a year on Venus, 331 00:23:17,020 --> 00:23:19,740 the time it takes to orbit the sun. 332 00:23:19,740 --> 00:23:22,540 Try to wrap your mind around that. 333 00:23:22,540 --> 00:23:27,500 Number 7 is, if you're worried about your weight, just move to Mars. 334 00:23:27,500 --> 00:23:30,220 You'll weigh about 38% less there. 335 00:23:30,220 --> 00:23:36,260 So if you weigh 170 pounds on Earth, you'll weigh 106 pounds on Mars. 336 00:23:36,260 --> 00:23:37,460 Number 6. 337 00:23:37,460 --> 00:23:43,020 In 2008, an astronaut lost a tool bag in space during a spacewalk. 338 00:23:43,020 --> 00:23:48,500 So a bag full of space tools is now orbiting Earth. 339 00:23:48,500 --> 00:23:49,780 Number 5. 340 00:23:49,780 --> 00:23:57,620 It rains diamonds on two ice giants in our solar system, Neptune and Uranus. 341 00:23:57,620 --> 00:23:58,620 Number 4. 342 00:23:58,620 --> 00:24:05,480 Mercury, a planet about the size of Earth's moon, has the most extreme temperature fluctuations 343 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:11,140 in the solar system, ranging from blistering hot to freezing cold. 344 00:24:11,140 --> 00:24:15,420 It's also the closest planet to the sun. 345 00:24:15,420 --> 00:24:17,580 Next is number 3. 346 00:24:17,580 --> 00:24:24,620 The Hercules-Corona-Borealis Great Wall is the largest structure in the universe, stretching 347 00:24:24,620 --> 00:24:29,260 over 10 billion light years. 348 00:24:29,260 --> 00:24:31,020 And number 2. 349 00:24:31,020 --> 00:24:37,700 When a star dies, it can go out in a spectacular explosion known as a supernova, outshining 350 00:24:37,700 --> 00:24:41,140 entire galaxies for a brief period. 351 00:24:41,140 --> 00:24:45,460 And the number one fact about space you probably don't know. 352 00:24:45,460 --> 00:24:52,660 Voyager 1, launched in 1977, is the most distant human-made object in space. 353 00:24:52,660 --> 00:24:59,460 It's currently over 15 billion miles away from Earth and is still cruising through interstellar 354 00:24:59,460 --> 00:25:06,700 space without any intention of returning home. 355 00:25:06,700 --> 00:25:09,020 And that ends segment one of this episode. 356 00:25:09,020 --> 00:25:12,860 Stick around as we continue with part four of our story. 357 00:25:12,860 --> 00:25:15,780 We'll be right back after this short PSA. 358 00:25:15,780 --> 00:25:22,740 Hey everyone, Mr. Jason here again. 359 00:25:22,740 --> 00:25:27,540 Go check out the Students Incorporated website at StudentsIncorporated.com. 360 00:25:27,540 --> 00:25:29,300 It's an easy domain name to remember. 361 00:25:29,300 --> 00:25:33,220 In a previous career of mine, I worked as a website designer and developer and have 362 00:25:33,220 --> 00:25:36,420 always been fascinated in this digital medium. 363 00:25:36,420 --> 00:25:40,620 Also my marketing students are learning the importance of utilizing content you already 364 00:25:40,620 --> 00:25:44,440 have to serve other purposes and to serve other mediums. 365 00:25:44,440 --> 00:25:48,980 Over the course of almost two full seasons, we've produced a lot of valuable content, 366 00:25:48,980 --> 00:25:54,180 which we can now start sharing on our website in the form of audio, video, and blog post. 367 00:25:54,180 --> 00:25:58,380 Here's a few technical details about the website build for all you techies out there. 368 00:25:58,380 --> 00:26:03,260 The yearly cost of having this website up and live is around 15 US dollars. 369 00:26:03,260 --> 00:26:05,620 That's right, only 15 US dollars. 370 00:26:05,620 --> 00:26:10,900 The website is hosted using Google Cloud Storage Services, which supports websites built with 371 00:26:10,900 --> 00:26:13,460 HTML, CSS, and JavaScript only. 372 00:26:13,460 --> 00:26:19,020 The website utilizes CloudFlare's free Universal SSL Certificate service to provide secure 373 00:26:19,020 --> 00:26:22,880 and encrypted traffic flow to and from the website for our users. 374 00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:28,320 And all audio and video files on the website use HTML's iframe element to pull that respected 375 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:32,260 content into the website from their respective platforms. 376 00:26:32,260 --> 00:26:35,300 There are other fun details, but I don't want to bore you anymore. 377 00:26:35,300 --> 00:26:39,940 Anyway, check out our website, read a few blog posts, and get caught up on any of our 378 00:26:39,940 --> 00:26:40,940 released episodes. 379 00:26:40,940 --> 00:26:46,380 Oh yeah, and if you are interested in sponsorship, you can find our forums online now as well. 380 00:26:46,380 --> 00:26:49,320 Visit studentsincorporated.com. 381 00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:51,180 Now back to the episode. 382 00:26:51,180 --> 00:26:55,420 We are back for our second segment, where we continue with part four of our story, The 383 00:26:55,420 --> 00:26:57,220 Secrets of El Dorado. 384 00:26:57,220 --> 00:26:59,680 Part four is titled Histories and Legends. 385 00:26:59,680 --> 00:27:04,900 If you missed parts one through three, make sure you get caught up before jumping in mid-story. 386 00:27:04,900 --> 00:27:07,960 Episode 55 includes part one, The Disappearance. 387 00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:11,860 Episode 56 includes part two, Uncovering Secrets. 388 00:27:11,860 --> 00:27:15,300 And episode 57 includes part three, The Map. 389 00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:20,020 Before we begin part four, Histories and Legends, Rebecca will give us a quick recap from our 390 00:27:20,020 --> 00:27:21,220 last episode. 391 00:27:21,220 --> 00:27:26,340 In part three of the story, we find Cira, Ava, and Lily back in the cafe. 392 00:27:26,340 --> 00:27:31,060 Cira is working behind the counter when Ethan asks for his tracking device back, which looks 393 00:27:31,060 --> 00:27:32,460 like a paperclip. 394 00:27:32,460 --> 00:27:37,100 Meanwhile, Professor Hawthorne joins Ava and Lily at the counter in the cafe, accidentally 395 00:27:37,100 --> 00:27:39,980 dropping an old manuscript and the note from Chen. 396 00:27:39,980 --> 00:27:45,260 Ava helps pick up the papers and notices strange Chinese characters on them. 397 00:27:45,260 --> 00:27:49,660 Professor Hawthorne introduces this mysterious note left by Chen. 398 00:27:49,660 --> 00:27:55,460 Accompanied by an old manuscript, the note contains Chinese characters and a cryptic 399 00:27:55,460 --> 00:28:00,180 formula, intriguing Lily and prompting Ava to seek help from her colleague. 400 00:28:00,180 --> 00:28:05,580 Meanwhile, Professor Hawthorne discovers similar characters in the manuscript, sparking curiosity 401 00:28:05,580 --> 00:28:06,860 among the group. 402 00:28:06,860 --> 00:28:12,380 As they delve into decoding the characters, they uncover coordinates leading to two different 403 00:28:12,380 --> 00:28:13,380 locations. 404 00:28:13,380 --> 00:28:18,060 Ethan's research reveals the significance of these coordinates, suggesting a potential 405 00:28:18,060 --> 00:28:19,220 secret message. 406 00:28:19,220 --> 00:28:24,940 The team speculates on Chen's intentions and the connection between the note, manuscript, 407 00:28:24,940 --> 00:28:26,340 and historical context. 408 00:28:26,340 --> 00:28:31,820 Professor Hawthorne attempts to contact Chen, while Ava cautiously considers the potential 409 00:28:31,820 --> 00:28:34,540 implications for her journalistic career. 410 00:28:34,540 --> 00:28:39,580 Sierra ponders the use of coded messages, and conveying what seemed to be important 411 00:28:39,580 --> 00:28:40,580 information. 412 00:28:40,580 --> 00:28:45,460 The group's collaborative efforts set the stage for a deeper investigation into the 413 00:28:45,460 --> 00:28:46,460 unfolding mystery. 414 00:28:46,460 --> 00:28:50,900 Thank you, Rebecca, and without further ado, let's get back to our story where we join 415 00:28:50,900 --> 00:29:10,940 Ava, Lily, Sierra, Ethan, and the Professor in Part 4, Histories and Legends. 416 00:29:10,940 --> 00:29:15,420 It was late afternoon when the gang began making more progress on the situation. 417 00:29:15,420 --> 00:29:20,500 Now they're armed with a historical manuscript, Chen's note, and two different coordinates 418 00:29:20,500 --> 00:29:24,820 directing them to two different locations, kind of like a map. 419 00:29:24,820 --> 00:29:35,860 Professor Hawthorne examines the coordinates on the manuscript again, N38-55-28 and W120-24-12. 420 00:29:35,860 --> 00:29:42,140 He reads out loud, and that's Rob's Peak, a little bit north of the Union Valley Reservoir. 421 00:29:42,140 --> 00:29:44,620 What about it, Professor Lily asks? 422 00:29:44,620 --> 00:29:46,100 I know that area well. 423 00:29:46,100 --> 00:29:48,900 I've been there several times on past projects. 424 00:29:48,900 --> 00:29:53,860 It's a fascinating place, Professor Hawthorne recounts as he looks through the cafe windows. 425 00:29:53,860 --> 00:29:57,980 You know what, he says, I'm gonna take the day off tomorrow and go there to see what's 426 00:29:57,980 --> 00:29:58,980 up. 427 00:29:58,980 --> 00:30:00,420 Ethan looks up from his laptop. 428 00:30:00,420 --> 00:30:01,420 That sounds like fun, Professor. 429 00:30:01,420 --> 00:30:06,340 Actually, now that I'm thinking, Rob's Peak is a decently high mountain, right? 430 00:30:06,340 --> 00:30:08,700 I'm working on another small piece of tech. 431 00:30:08,700 --> 00:30:12,940 It's sort of like a mini drone, and I've been wanting to test it at a higher altitude. 432 00:30:12,940 --> 00:30:15,900 It looks like Rob's Peak would be a great place to try it out. 433 00:30:15,900 --> 00:30:17,140 Okay, that sounds cool. 434 00:30:17,140 --> 00:30:19,620 Why haven't we talked about this stuff before, Ethan? 435 00:30:19,620 --> 00:30:22,840 I had no idea you were such a tech and gadget guy. 436 00:30:22,840 --> 00:30:27,340 You should come with me then and I could use the company, Professor Hawthorne smiles. 437 00:30:27,340 --> 00:30:28,820 I'll show you around the mountain. 438 00:30:28,820 --> 00:30:30,660 Perfect, let's see, tomorrow. 439 00:30:30,660 --> 00:30:33,420 Yep, I can take the day off as well. 440 00:30:33,420 --> 00:30:37,720 You can work both the afternoon and evening shifts, right, Ciro? 441 00:30:37,720 --> 00:30:41,060 You already are working a double shift today, though. 442 00:30:41,060 --> 00:30:43,060 Ethan turns in Ciro's direction. 443 00:30:43,060 --> 00:30:44,060 Are you up for that tomorrow? 444 00:30:44,060 --> 00:30:46,620 You'll be doing me a big favor. 445 00:30:46,620 --> 00:30:48,340 Ciro smiles a little. 446 00:30:48,340 --> 00:30:50,340 Sure, Ethan, I got you. 447 00:30:50,340 --> 00:30:52,820 Thank you, Ciro, Ethan says. 448 00:30:52,820 --> 00:30:55,020 The cafe's in good hands. 449 00:30:55,020 --> 00:30:59,340 Professor Hawthorne finishes the last bite of his sandwich before asking, Lily and Ava, 450 00:30:59,340 --> 00:31:01,260 do you want to come with the guys tomorrow? 451 00:31:01,260 --> 00:31:04,300 Hmm, hiking is not really my thing to do. 452 00:31:04,300 --> 00:31:06,140 I do want to help out, though. 453 00:31:06,140 --> 00:31:07,140 Let me think. 454 00:31:07,140 --> 00:31:08,140 Oh, Lily exclaims. 455 00:31:08,140 --> 00:31:10,460 Her brown eyes growing white. 456 00:31:10,460 --> 00:31:12,020 We have chestnut, right? 457 00:31:12,020 --> 00:31:15,020 And he has some of the symbols and formula written out. 458 00:31:15,020 --> 00:31:16,660 I've got an idea. 459 00:31:16,660 --> 00:31:21,780 I could spend some time in the college science lab tomorrow and see what I can find out about 460 00:31:21,780 --> 00:31:23,420 the formula on that note. 461 00:31:23,420 --> 00:31:26,460 She stabs a quick photo of the note with her phone. 462 00:31:26,460 --> 00:31:27,460 That's perfect. 463 00:31:27,460 --> 00:31:30,860 I bet we'll get to the bottom of all this soon, Ava smiles, though part of her wish 464 00:31:30,860 --> 00:31:33,320 is it wouldn't end just yet. 465 00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:36,700 After all, the bigger the story, the better her peace for the bee will be. 466 00:31:36,700 --> 00:31:41,620 Ciro tilts her head before voicing aloud a thought that just crossed her mind. 467 00:31:41,620 --> 00:31:45,100 Lily, you have access to the lab and all that, right? 468 00:31:45,100 --> 00:31:46,660 I do, Lily trips. 469 00:31:46,660 --> 00:31:48,620 I have my student ID. 470 00:31:48,620 --> 00:31:52,220 This gives me access to the science labs we visited earlier. 471 00:31:52,220 --> 00:31:53,220 Awesome. 472 00:31:53,220 --> 00:31:55,660 Concrete evidence from research is always a plus. 473 00:31:55,660 --> 00:31:59,940 Ava takes a quick look at her work calendar before replying to Professor Horlothorne's 474 00:31:59,940 --> 00:32:02,820 question, saying, I don't think I'll be able to go either. 475 00:32:02,820 --> 00:32:06,020 I do love the outdoors and especially the idea of an adventure. 476 00:32:06,020 --> 00:32:09,820 But I really got to make some progress on the peace app to write for the bee. 477 00:32:09,820 --> 00:32:12,100 Deadline's coming up soon, unfortunately. 478 00:32:12,100 --> 00:32:13,780 Professor and Ethan, you two have fun. 479 00:32:13,780 --> 00:32:16,540 All right, it's settled then, Professor Horlothorne says. 480 00:32:16,540 --> 00:32:21,220 Ethan, you take all your tech equipment you want to test out and I'll take the manuscript, 481 00:32:21,220 --> 00:32:24,540 the note and my notebook to see if there's something else I may have missed. 482 00:32:24,540 --> 00:32:31,100 Ava frowns a little, glancing at the manuscript on the table before asking Professor Horlothorne. 483 00:32:31,100 --> 00:32:33,220 You know the way there though, right Professor? 484 00:32:33,220 --> 00:32:37,000 Yep, I'm going to take the manuscript with me just in case. 485 00:32:37,000 --> 00:32:41,620 There may be other clues I'm missing now that it seems things are connected in some 486 00:32:41,620 --> 00:32:42,620 way. 487 00:32:42,620 --> 00:32:47,040 Plus, I'm finding I forget things easily these days, Professor Horlothorne chuckles 488 00:32:47,040 --> 00:32:48,040 a little bit. 489 00:32:48,040 --> 00:32:53,460 Meanwhile, Lily takes a quick glance at her watch, her heart beat racing as she says, 490 00:32:53,460 --> 00:32:57,420 Oh no, I almost forgot, I have an interview for a summer internship. 491 00:32:57,420 --> 00:32:59,100 It starts at 20 minutes. 492 00:32:59,100 --> 00:33:00,160 I better go. 493 00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:04,740 She looks around frantically for her backpack and sees it against the chair that Ethan is 494 00:33:04,740 --> 00:33:05,740 sitting on. 495 00:33:05,740 --> 00:33:08,060 What do you think, could you pass me my bag? 496 00:33:08,060 --> 00:33:10,980 She asks, checking her watch a second time. 497 00:33:10,980 --> 00:33:12,540 Sure, Ethan says. 498 00:33:12,540 --> 00:33:16,700 As Ethan picks up the backpack and passes it to Lily, he drops in one of the small tracking 499 00:33:16,700 --> 00:33:21,220 devices, the thing that looks like a paperclip, into one of the small side pockets of her 500 00:33:21,220 --> 00:33:22,220 backpack. 501 00:33:22,220 --> 00:33:25,940 He thinks to himself, I need to test these things some more since I'd like to get more 502 00:33:25,940 --> 00:33:29,740 than a few hours of data plus I need to know how long the batteries last. 503 00:33:29,740 --> 00:33:32,460 However, for some reason, he doesn't tell Lily. 504 00:33:32,460 --> 00:33:36,380 He figures she'll just retrieve the device of time in the next few days when she comes 505 00:33:36,380 --> 00:33:37,380 back to the cafe. 506 00:33:37,380 --> 00:33:42,300 Thank you, keep me updated with what you find out, Lily says, her words carrying out the 507 00:33:42,300 --> 00:33:46,740 door before the game gets to which she'll look on her interview and the research at 508 00:33:46,740 --> 00:33:47,740 the college tomorrow. 509 00:33:47,740 --> 00:33:50,780 Alright, Professor Hawthorne turns to the rest of the group. 510 00:33:50,780 --> 00:33:55,100 I better get going as well, I've got some more work to finish at the college and my 511 00:33:55,100 --> 00:33:59,180 wife and I have dinner plans with some old friends who are in town this week. 512 00:33:59,180 --> 00:34:01,260 Ethan, I'll see you at 8 in the morning. 513 00:34:01,260 --> 00:34:03,540 How about we meet here at the cafe? 514 00:34:03,540 --> 00:34:05,700 Sounds good, Professor, Ethan replies. 515 00:34:05,700 --> 00:34:09,180 Great, have a great evening and thanks for the sandwich again, Ethan. 516 00:34:09,180 --> 00:34:10,180 Great as always. 517 00:34:10,180 --> 00:34:14,220 Professor smiles as he gathers his briefcase, the manuscript, and the note before leaving 518 00:34:14,220 --> 00:34:15,220 the cafe. 519 00:34:15,220 --> 00:34:19,620 Eva also has plans to grab dinner with her grandmother, so she bids goodbye to Sierra 520 00:34:19,620 --> 00:34:33,060 and Ethan before driving away from Ethan's cafe. 521 00:34:33,060 --> 00:34:37,260 Punctual and on time the next morning, Ethan is standing outside the front of his already 522 00:34:37,260 --> 00:34:42,260 busy cafe with a small backpack containing some tech gear, a bottle of water, and some 523 00:34:42,260 --> 00:34:43,260 sunscreen. 524 00:34:43,260 --> 00:34:47,820 He's dressed for a day in the hot sun as he waits for Professor Hawthorne to arrive. 525 00:34:47,820 --> 00:34:52,620 As Prof Hawthorne pulls up to the cafe in his old Ford Bronco, he yells out the window, 526 00:34:52,620 --> 00:34:54,980 Hey, Ethan, good morning and hop in. 527 00:34:54,980 --> 00:34:59,420 Professor Hawthorne smiles as Ethan gets into the Bronco and gets situated in the front 528 00:34:59,420 --> 00:35:01,420 passenger seat. 529 00:35:01,420 --> 00:35:03,180 Are we ready to get rolling? 530 00:35:03,180 --> 00:35:04,180 Professor Hawthorne says. 531 00:35:04,180 --> 00:35:08,780 Sure am, let's go, Ethan says before a thought pops into his mind. 532 00:35:08,780 --> 00:35:12,560 Hey Professor, you know a lot about the history here, right? 533 00:35:12,560 --> 00:35:15,140 Are there any cool stories you could share along the way? 534 00:35:15,140 --> 00:35:19,040 The Professor thought about plugging one of his books and almost said, yeah, I do know 535 00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:21,120 a lot of history about that place. 536 00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:25,060 You could too if you would have read one of my books, but he didn't say that. 537 00:35:25,060 --> 00:35:28,860 He didn't want Ethan to think he was being sarcastic and he didn't want to sound like 538 00:35:28,860 --> 00:35:29,860 a jerk. 539 00:35:29,860 --> 00:35:33,960 So instead, Professor Hawthorne said, yes, there is a lot of history around that area 540 00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:35,420 and the reservoir as well. 541 00:35:35,420 --> 00:35:40,060 Professor Hawthorne continues as they travel out of town toward the mountains. 542 00:35:40,060 --> 00:35:44,780 You see, Rob's Peak especially was the site of several popular mines back during the 543 00:35:44,780 --> 00:35:46,880 gold rush days. 544 00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:51,080 Legend has it that much of the gold that was found in the small streams and creeks around 545 00:35:51,080 --> 00:35:55,260 Rob's Peak actually originated from the mountain. 546 00:35:55,260 --> 00:35:59,540 There's evidence that suggests the gold, especially the small pieces and small flakes, 547 00:35:59,540 --> 00:36:05,580 would get deposited in the small waterways during the spring snow melt from the mountain. 548 00:36:05,580 --> 00:36:09,720 So many of the people who came here looking for gold only looked in the streams and creeks 549 00:36:09,720 --> 00:36:11,620 around that area. 550 00:36:11,620 --> 00:36:17,260 Very few prospectors went up on the mountain looking for gold, and fewer yet dug the small 551 00:36:17,260 --> 00:36:20,420 mines that are still on the mountain to this day. 552 00:36:20,420 --> 00:36:24,460 Most of the people back then wanted to get rich quick, plus they didn't have the right 553 00:36:24,460 --> 00:36:29,920 tools, equipment, money, or the time to dig a proper mine into the mountain, except for 554 00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:34,880 a couple families from Virginia who traveled all the way out here together in the spring 555 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:37,100 of 1849. 556 00:36:37,100 --> 00:36:41,660 You see, this is why we called the people who came to this area during that year the 557 00:36:41,660 --> 00:36:42,660 49ers. 558 00:36:42,660 --> 00:36:48,100 They came by ship, on horseback, and by covered wagons from all over. 559 00:36:48,100 --> 00:36:53,300 Gold prospectors came from North America, Latin America, Asia, Europe, and Australia. 560 00:36:53,300 --> 00:36:58,260 It's estimated that this area saw an increase in population of more than 300,000 people 561 00:36:58,260 --> 00:36:59,580 in just one year. 562 00:36:59,580 --> 00:37:05,700 A year later in 1850, California entered the Union, joining the United States, establishing 563 00:37:05,700 --> 00:37:08,620 itself with a state constitution and government. 564 00:37:08,620 --> 00:37:12,060 I guess I should have been paying more attention in history class. 565 00:37:12,060 --> 00:37:14,460 I don't remember learning any of this. 566 00:37:14,460 --> 00:37:17,580 So what happened to the family from Virginia that you mentioned? 567 00:37:17,580 --> 00:37:19,340 Well it's a miracle they made it. 568 00:37:19,340 --> 00:37:23,900 I'm not sure how they did it since everything west of what we now call the Missouri River 569 00:37:23,900 --> 00:37:28,500 was at that time unorganized and ungoverned territory. 570 00:37:28,500 --> 00:37:30,460 It was literally the Wild West. 571 00:37:30,460 --> 00:37:32,900 It was rugged and dangerous. 572 00:37:32,900 --> 00:37:37,500 These families had to navigate their way around and through mountain ranges, through plateau 573 00:37:37,500 --> 00:37:43,740 grasslands, make numerous river crossings, put up with unpredictable weather patterns, 574 00:37:43,740 --> 00:37:48,620 all the while crossing through hostile and non-hostile Native American tribal lands. 575 00:37:48,620 --> 00:37:55,060 And in the spring of 1849, they settled down at the base of Rob's Peak with the main goal 576 00:37:55,060 --> 00:37:58,660 of digging several mining shafts into the mountain. 577 00:37:58,660 --> 00:38:04,300 The other interesting fact I forgot to mention in the cafe was that many of the prospectors 578 00:38:04,300 --> 00:38:08,840 were recent immigrants to the United States and that these immigrants were not treated 579 00:38:08,840 --> 00:38:14,300 very well by the non-immigrant population and some of these immigrants were Chinese. 580 00:38:14,300 --> 00:38:19,580 In fact, this manuscript I have documents some of the activities that went on in some 581 00:38:19,580 --> 00:38:22,180 of the mining camps and settlements. 582 00:38:22,180 --> 00:38:26,180 Since the information that was written in the manuscript could not be verified by anybody 583 00:38:26,180 --> 00:38:31,260 else besides the author, it was deemed not credible and was never officially published. 584 00:38:31,260 --> 00:38:35,580 Oh wow, I guess I should resell your history books. 585 00:38:35,580 --> 00:38:40,380 So the mines that are on the mountains were dug by the families from Virginia? 586 00:38:40,380 --> 00:38:44,220 Yes, Rob's Peak is named after one of the families, Charles Rob. 587 00:38:44,220 --> 00:38:49,100 I can't find a lot of information about them, but I do know they were from Virginia. 588 00:38:49,100 --> 00:38:53,140 There was a lot of happening in the southern states at that time in history and it wasn't 589 00:38:53,140 --> 00:38:54,980 all good. 590 00:38:54,980 --> 00:39:00,060 History was rampant and there was talk of some of the states breaking off from the Union. 591 00:39:00,060 --> 00:39:03,180 Virginia eventually did in 1861. 592 00:39:03,180 --> 00:39:08,640 It seceded from the United States and joined the Confederacy and Richmond became the capital 593 00:39:08,640 --> 00:39:10,660 of the Confederacy. 594 00:39:10,660 --> 00:39:13,300 This is the same year the Civil War broke out. 595 00:39:13,300 --> 00:39:17,540 A very dark time in the history of the United States of America to say the least. 596 00:39:17,540 --> 00:39:20,940 Wow, thanks for the history lesson, Professor. 597 00:39:20,940 --> 00:39:25,140 I feel I have a better understanding about where we are going today and the history of 598 00:39:25,140 --> 00:39:26,260 the place. 599 00:39:26,260 --> 00:39:30,260 By this time, Professor Hawthorne and Ethan were almost 45 minutes into their one hour 600 00:39:30,260 --> 00:39:32,660 drive from Coloma to Rob's Peak. 601 00:39:32,660 --> 00:39:36,700 You see, there were two main routes to the top of Rob's Peak. 602 00:39:36,700 --> 00:39:39,060 One went south and one went north. 603 00:39:39,060 --> 00:39:44,020 The northern route was about 20 minutes faster, which the professor opted to take. 604 00:39:44,020 --> 00:39:47,580 Ethan glanced at the GPS and noticed that they would be arriving at the destination 605 00:39:47,580 --> 00:39:51,740 around 9.15am. 606 00:39:51,740 --> 00:40:02,100 Meanwhile, moving away from the boys and their little adventure for a bit, Lydia arrives 607 00:40:02,100 --> 00:40:04,180 at the college around 9 o'clock. 608 00:40:04,180 --> 00:40:09,100 Her interview had gone well yesterday, but she was unsure if it was good enough to lend 609 00:40:09,100 --> 00:40:10,580 her an internship. 610 00:40:10,580 --> 00:40:14,340 I'll find out soon enough, she thought to herself. 611 00:40:14,340 --> 00:40:18,260 After the college, she sees a few friends who stayed back for the summer to do more 612 00:40:18,260 --> 00:40:21,860 independent research, so she waves hi to them. 613 00:40:21,860 --> 00:40:27,300 Then she makes her way over to the science building, heads down in the basement labs, 614 00:40:27,300 --> 00:40:32,660 and uses her ID to swipe in as she sets her backpack against the lab desk. 615 00:40:32,660 --> 00:40:36,380 She's thinking about how she can test out Chen's formula. 616 00:40:36,380 --> 00:40:41,300 She opens her phone to look at the formula and turns on some music and starts getting 617 00:40:41,300 --> 00:40:42,300 to work. 618 00:40:42,300 --> 00:40:48,340 Not until around noon before she takes a quick lunch break at one of the cafes on Compass. 619 00:40:48,340 --> 00:40:52,220 Half-wishing Ethan's cafe was just a little bit closer. 620 00:40:52,220 --> 00:40:58,660 The distance versus her hunger versus her motivation to face that hot sun, she thinks 621 00:40:58,660 --> 00:41:01,300 shaking her head a little, maybe next time. 622 00:41:01,300 --> 00:41:06,020 After a quick lunch at the campus cafe, she returns to the lab only to find Professor 623 00:41:06,020 --> 00:41:08,620 Sharpton standing at the door. 624 00:41:08,620 --> 00:41:10,420 She seems to be deep in thought. 625 00:41:10,420 --> 00:41:15,320 Oh hey Professor Sharpton, Lily says, smiling at the professor. 626 00:41:15,320 --> 00:41:19,460 The professor takes a step back, not having expected company. 627 00:41:19,460 --> 00:41:25,700 Professor Sharpton returns her greetings as he smiles at Lily, curiously asking what she's 628 00:41:25,700 --> 00:41:27,620 working on over the summer break. 629 00:41:27,620 --> 00:41:32,140 Lily is delighted at Professor Sharpton's interest and she invites him inside to show 630 00:41:32,140 --> 00:41:34,620 him what she's been working on. 631 00:41:34,620 --> 00:41:39,220 Lily thinks to herself, maybe Professor Sharpton could help her out since the formula Chen 632 00:41:39,220 --> 00:41:44,340 wrote on a note to Professor Harthorne calls for some element that the lab seems not to 633 00:41:44,340 --> 00:41:45,660 have been invented. 634 00:41:45,660 --> 00:41:53,740 Some substance or mineral Lily did not recognize. 635 00:41:53,740 --> 00:41:58,540 Meanwhile Ava is working on her piece for the bee at her grandma's mother's house. 636 00:41:58,540 --> 00:42:02,020 Getting a little frustrated because the words that naturally spilled from her fingers seem 637 00:42:02,020 --> 00:42:03,660 to be stuck today. 638 00:42:03,660 --> 00:42:07,740 Pursing her lips, she decides to take her laptop to Ethan's cafe to work instead. 639 00:42:07,740 --> 00:42:14,860 It'll be nice to see Sierra again, and the change of scenery usually does the trick. 640 00:42:14,860 --> 00:42:20,420 Sierra feels a smile grow on her face when she sees Ava walk into the doors of Ethan's 641 00:42:20,420 --> 00:42:21,420 cafe. 642 00:42:21,420 --> 00:42:25,460 She says a quick hello to her before taking another customer's order. 643 00:42:25,460 --> 00:42:30,340 The cafe is busy as usual since it's only the third day of the town's annual Gold Rush 644 00:42:30,340 --> 00:42:31,340 Festival. 645 00:42:31,340 --> 00:42:36,340 However, the lunch rush hour was ending and most of the customers were getting done and 646 00:42:36,340 --> 00:42:37,340 leaving. 647 00:42:37,340 --> 00:42:41,300 Ava is at her usual table by the front window, setting up her laptop as she waits for Sierra 648 00:42:41,300 --> 00:42:43,780 or another server to take her order. 649 00:42:43,780 --> 00:42:46,900 Being in the cafe again makes her think back to yesterday's events. 650 00:42:46,900 --> 00:42:48,940 It was a pretty exciting afternoon. 651 00:42:48,940 --> 00:42:56,620 Then she wonders about what Ethan and Professor Harthorne are up to. 652 00:42:56,620 --> 00:43:01,420 By this time the Professor and Ethan had been at Rob's Peak for almost three hours now. 653 00:43:01,420 --> 00:43:07,100 Rob's Peak isn't like it used to be back in the old days, rugged, remote, and dangerous. 654 00:43:07,100 --> 00:43:11,260 It's now quite developed with roads leading directly up to the peak of the mountain, one 655 00:43:11,260 --> 00:43:13,820 from the south and one from the north. 656 00:43:13,820 --> 00:43:17,900 At the top of the mountain there's a small gravel parking lot flanked by a wooded picnic 657 00:43:17,900 --> 00:43:19,860 area and a small canteen. 658 00:43:19,860 --> 00:43:25,020 The canteen is more like a small general store with snack type foods and drinks. 659 00:43:25,020 --> 00:43:30,340 And when the kitchen's open they make a mean grilled hamburger with a side of potato wedges. 660 00:43:30,340 --> 00:43:35,680 The canteen offers hikers, campers, backpackers, and day trippers a nice place to rest and 661 00:43:35,680 --> 00:43:38,320 grab some food. 662 00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:41,980 For about the first hour when they arrived the Professor studied the manuscript and some 663 00:43:41,980 --> 00:43:47,460 old typographical maps while talking with the owners of the canteen. 664 00:43:47,460 --> 00:43:51,480 Ethan stayed outside in the parking area where he assembled and practiced flying the mini 665 00:43:51,480 --> 00:43:55,260 drone he had built and brought along. 666 00:43:55,260 --> 00:44:00,300 He was also excited to discover that the drone worked just fine in the higher altitude. 667 00:44:00,300 --> 00:44:04,340 They spent the second hour hiking down to the first gold mine site on the north side 668 00:44:04,340 --> 00:44:05,600 of the mountain. 669 00:44:05,600 --> 00:44:11,020 This mine site was the most popular with the tourists as it was easily accessible and the 670 00:44:11,020 --> 00:44:14,140 entrance of the mine was not sealed shut. 671 00:44:14,140 --> 00:44:19,140 This meant that if you were brave enough you could walk about 100 or so yards into the 672 00:44:19,140 --> 00:44:24,340 mine before being met by a vertical shaft that went straight down into what looked like 673 00:44:24,340 --> 00:44:27,220 a black hole into the mountain. 674 00:44:27,220 --> 00:44:30,840 The vertical shaft was closed though with bars and padlocks. 675 00:44:30,840 --> 00:44:34,780 This part of the mine had been closed to the public for years since it was a hazard to 676 00:44:34,780 --> 00:44:37,460 curious tourists and novice explorers. 677 00:44:37,460 --> 00:44:41,800 The Professor turned on his flashlight and walked into the mine all the way to where 678 00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:45,340 the shaft was located. 679 00:44:45,340 --> 00:44:49,140 Meanwhile Ethan stayed outside the entrance and flew his drone around the area taking 680 00:44:49,140 --> 00:44:52,700 aerial video and photos of the surrounding. 681 00:44:52,700 --> 00:44:55,580 Ethan was thrilled that his new device was working like a charm. 682 00:44:55,580 --> 00:45:00,280 He wanted to give it one more test before bringing it back down and turning it off. 683 00:45:00,280 --> 00:45:05,780 He decided to test his flying skills by maneuvering the drone via his phone into the mine and 684 00:45:05,780 --> 00:45:09,940 all the way back to the area that the Professor had walked to. 685 00:45:09,940 --> 00:45:14,500 He also wanted to test the night vision mobility of the camera that he had installed. 686 00:45:14,500 --> 00:45:19,060 The drone hummed down the narrow, horizontal mine shaft towards the Professor. 687 00:45:19,060 --> 00:45:22,740 Sure enough, Ethan could see the Professor standing by the locked up vertical shaft gate 688 00:45:22,740 --> 00:45:24,740 in camera view. 689 00:45:24,740 --> 00:45:28,620 Ethan watched on his phone in camera view as the Professor turned around and waved at 690 00:45:28,620 --> 00:45:32,420 the drone and guessed that he was going to be walking back out. 691 00:45:32,420 --> 00:45:37,020 Ethan then maneuvered the drone to turn 180 degrees and fly back out of the mine shaft 692 00:45:37,020 --> 00:45:38,820 while the Professor followed. 693 00:45:38,820 --> 00:45:41,540 As Professor Hawthorne exited the mine, Ethan said, 694 00:45:41,540 --> 00:45:44,100 Ah, hey Professor, you're going to want to see this. 695 00:45:44,100 --> 00:45:48,620 As he pointed to his tablet which had the footage his drone had captured while inside 696 00:45:48,620 --> 00:45:58,540 the mine shaft. 697 00:45:58,540 --> 00:46:04,660 Meanwhile and back in Coloma at Ethan's Cafe, Sierra notices Ava has come back to the Cafe 698 00:46:04,660 --> 00:46:05,940 for a light lunch. 699 00:46:05,940 --> 00:46:09,060 Hey Ava, didn't know you were coming in today. 700 00:46:09,060 --> 00:46:11,540 Sierra stops by Ava's table. 701 00:46:11,540 --> 00:46:12,740 Happy to see you though. 702 00:46:12,740 --> 00:46:13,740 You want your usual? 703 00:46:13,740 --> 00:46:15,340 Yup, thank you girly. 704 00:46:15,340 --> 00:46:16,340 Ava smiles. 705 00:46:16,340 --> 00:46:18,340 Of course, of course. 706 00:46:18,340 --> 00:46:19,340 Alright. 707 00:46:19,340 --> 00:46:20,340 Sierra remembers. 708 00:46:20,340 --> 00:46:22,540 And how's that piece for the beat going? 709 00:46:22,540 --> 00:46:25,620 Ugh, Ava says it's not where I want it to be. 710 00:46:25,620 --> 00:46:27,340 I'm having writer's block today. 711 00:46:27,340 --> 00:46:28,740 It's really frustrating. 712 00:46:28,740 --> 00:46:31,580 Oh, I'm sorry to hear. 713 00:46:31,580 --> 00:46:33,320 Hope that goes away soon. 714 00:46:33,320 --> 00:46:35,140 Maybe the sandwich might help. 715 00:46:35,140 --> 00:46:36,140 Sierra looks at Ava. 716 00:46:36,140 --> 00:46:37,500 I hope so too. 717 00:46:37,500 --> 00:46:41,360 Ava tells Sierra before she goes to put in Ava's order. 718 00:46:41,360 --> 00:46:45,140 After Sierra leaves, Ava thinks about the reason she hasn't been working as much this 719 00:46:45,140 --> 00:46:46,180 morning. 720 00:46:46,180 --> 00:46:49,460 She stumbles upon a thought and suddenly she knows why. 721 00:46:49,460 --> 00:46:55,240 She's got a theory, to say the least, and she waits eagerly for Sierra's shift to end. 722 00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:58,620 She tells Sierra this, as Sierra brings Ava her sandwich. 723 00:46:58,620 --> 00:47:01,900 Alright girl, Sierra says, I'm done with my shift. 724 00:47:01,900 --> 00:47:03,540 Spill, what's up? 725 00:47:03,540 --> 00:47:07,420 Okay, Ava says, putting her journalism hat on. 726 00:47:07,420 --> 00:47:10,340 I think the professor is sketchy. 727 00:47:10,340 --> 00:47:12,300 Sierra's eyes widen. 728 00:47:12,300 --> 00:47:14,420 You mean Professor Hawthorne? 729 00:47:14,420 --> 00:47:16,420 Yeah, Ava says. 730 00:47:16,420 --> 00:47:18,140 Wait, why though? 731 00:47:18,140 --> 00:47:19,140 He's helping us out. 732 00:47:19,140 --> 00:47:20,540 I know, but think about it. 733 00:47:20,540 --> 00:47:24,500 Yesterday, when I asked him about needing the map, he was almost defensive about it, 734 00:47:24,500 --> 00:47:26,620 but why would he need the manuscript with him? 735 00:47:26,620 --> 00:47:29,020 Wouldn't that get all dirtied on the hike? 736 00:47:29,020 --> 00:47:31,420 He could have just taken a photo. 737 00:47:31,420 --> 00:47:34,660 Ava looks at Sierra, eyebrows raised. 738 00:47:34,660 --> 00:47:38,260 Hmm, maybe you have a point, Sierra reflects. 739 00:47:38,260 --> 00:47:44,860 Right, Ava nods, and also, if he had not his briefcase yesterday, would he even be showing 740 00:47:44,860 --> 00:47:46,780 us the manuscript that matched Chen's note? 741 00:47:46,780 --> 00:47:49,100 Why was he even carrying Chen's note? 742 00:47:49,100 --> 00:47:51,580 Why did he even have the manuscript in the first place? 743 00:47:51,580 --> 00:47:54,620 Why were they in his briefcase, and what was he going to do with them? 744 00:47:54,620 --> 00:47:58,100 And think about it, he's also pretty close to Chen, right? 745 00:47:58,100 --> 00:47:59,100 So what if- 746 00:47:59,100 --> 00:48:01,980 What if he has something to do with Chen's disappearance? 747 00:48:01,980 --> 00:48:05,100 No way, Sierra explains upon realization. 748 00:48:05,100 --> 00:48:07,140 Yeah, no way, Ava echoes. 749 00:48:07,140 --> 00:48:09,580 What are we going to do? 750 00:48:09,580 --> 00:48:10,580 Who are we going to tell? 751 00:48:10,580 --> 00:48:12,260 No, no, no, Ava rushes. 752 00:48:12,260 --> 00:48:13,460 Girl, we can't tell anyone. 753 00:48:13,460 --> 00:48:18,060 If we tell anyone, that could tip off Professor Hawthorne, and we'll lose the manuscript. 754 00:48:18,060 --> 00:48:19,860 Besides, it's just a theory. 755 00:48:19,860 --> 00:48:23,620 Oh no, you're right, Sierra looks at Ava. 756 00:48:23,620 --> 00:48:25,060 What do we do then? 757 00:48:25,060 --> 00:48:28,900 Ava thinks for a bit, lips pursed, before she shakes Sierra's hand. 758 00:48:28,900 --> 00:48:31,380 Oh, I know, she says, are you free tonight? 759 00:48:31,380 --> 00:48:33,580 Yeah, I think so, why? 760 00:48:33,580 --> 00:48:34,580 Sierra asks. 761 00:48:34,580 --> 00:48:38,500 Remember how there were two coordinates that go to two locations? 762 00:48:38,500 --> 00:48:42,100 I say we go explore the other location tonight and see what we find out. 763 00:48:42,100 --> 00:48:46,860 Luckily, I took a photo of Chen's note the other day, I knew it would come in handy. 764 00:48:46,860 --> 00:48:53,020 Sierra thinks about it for a bit and agrees, and not telling anyone right, she double checks. 765 00:48:53,020 --> 00:48:54,780 You got it, not a soul. 766 00:48:54,780 --> 00:48:59,020 Ava says, tracing two fingers from one corner of her mouth to the other, zipping her lips, 767 00:48:59,020 --> 00:49:01,500 making a motion and throwing the key away. 768 00:49:01,500 --> 00:49:04,080 Sierra's eyes immediately brightened. 769 00:49:04,080 --> 00:49:06,520 This was their secret code back in high school. 770 00:49:06,520 --> 00:49:08,580 She laughs a little before following suit. 771 00:49:08,580 --> 00:49:10,900 All right, I'll see you then, Ava says. 772 00:49:10,900 --> 00:49:12,660 7 p.m., your place? 773 00:49:12,660 --> 00:49:14,660 Sierra nods, I'll see you then. 774 00:49:14,660 --> 00:49:16,780 Ava smiles, I threw shooting down her spine. 775 00:49:16,780 --> 00:49:20,600 Teachers always love mysteries and adventures, especially nighttime adventures. 776 00:49:20,600 --> 00:49:25,580 One way or another, she's going to get to the bottom of this. 777 00:49:25,580 --> 00:49:33,900 Meanwhile, back in the lab at the college, Lidi spent working on trying to figure out 778 00:49:33,900 --> 00:49:38,100 the formula that Chen had written down on the note he had given to Professor Hawthorne 779 00:49:38,100 --> 00:49:39,100 the week before. 780 00:49:39,100 --> 00:49:44,420 Professor Sharpton was in the lab, along with several other students working on their own 781 00:49:44,420 --> 00:49:45,420 projects. 782 00:49:45,420 --> 00:49:50,380 Lidi was waiting for Professor Sharpton to be free as she really needed some help, with 783 00:49:50,380 --> 00:49:53,140 one part of the formula she didn't understand. 784 00:49:53,140 --> 00:49:57,500 However, Professor Sharpton had been in the back office talking on the phone for over 785 00:49:57,500 --> 00:49:59,140 twenty minutes. 786 00:49:59,140 --> 00:50:04,180 Professor Sharpton walks out of the back office and straight over to Lidi and asks, 787 00:50:04,180 --> 00:50:06,460 Okay, Lili, let me see what you're working on. 788 00:50:06,460 --> 00:50:08,020 Maybe I can help. 789 00:50:08,020 --> 00:50:11,620 After Professor Sharpton says this, he looks up at the door to the lab and nods his head 790 00:50:11,620 --> 00:50:25,260 toward the person standing outside the lab. 791 00:50:25,260 --> 00:50:27,820 And that ends part four, histories and legends. 792 00:50:27,820 --> 00:50:28,820 Thank you for listening. 793 00:50:28,820 --> 00:50:46,420 Tune in next episode as we continue with part five titled, The Secret Society. 794 00:50:46,420 --> 00:50:50,340 As we end this episode, we want to give a big thanks to our resident astronomer here 795 00:50:50,340 --> 00:50:51,760 at ICS. 796 00:50:51,760 --> 00:50:55,660 Thanks again, Mr. Darrell, for helping us see and have a better understanding about 797 00:50:55,660 --> 00:50:59,600 the universe and space and where we fit in the cosmos. 798 00:50:59,600 --> 00:51:04,920 And as always, this podcast would not be possible without the hard work and support of our International 799 00:51:04,920 --> 00:51:06,500 Student Production Team. 800 00:51:06,500 --> 00:51:12,220 All music and sound effects are courtesy of Pixabay.com, a vibrant community of creatives 801 00:51:12,220 --> 00:51:16,060 sharing copyright free images, videos, and music. 802 00:51:16,060 --> 00:51:18,500 And we are signing off until next time. 803 00:51:18,500 --> 00:51:28,300 Be your student and incorporate it because your voice matters.