1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,400 I am, in case you don't know who I am, I'm Dr. Aaron Portman. I'm one of the professors of biology at Sun & End University. 2 00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:12,120 The thing that most people know me for is that I'm the snake guy. 3 00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:15,600 Or the spider guy, or the scorpion guy. 4 00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:20,800 My dissertation that I did at the University was on rattlesnakes. 5 00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:25,920 So I got to do radio telemetry on rattlesnakes, which is 6 00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:30,640 radio transmitters, let them go out in the south of the Linn Docks, 7 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:34,160 and then go see where they went and how they moved and things like that. 8 00:00:34,160 --> 00:00:36,960 And so I wrangled my sure-front snakes. 9 00:00:38,960 --> 00:00:44,160 At the research I currently do, I don't deal much with rattlesnakes anymore. 10 00:00:44,160 --> 00:00:49,520 I work with students and I work with one of my colleagues and I'm studying spiders and scorpions. 11 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:52,240 There is a local scorpion around here, the forest scorpion. 12 00:00:52,240 --> 00:00:58,400 The southern unsriped scorpion is a name, I don't know if anybody's seen a scorpion since around here. 13 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:00,400 There's one species around here. 14 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:02,400 So I have a little bit of work on that. 15 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:04,400 I mean, work with some students. 16 00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:08,400 Let's see, yeah, one publication of that. 17 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:13,200 The thing I'm involved in right now is studying an invasive spider. 18 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:15,200 Who's heard of the Joro spider? 19 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:19,200 Okay, alright, a couple of you. 20 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:29,200 So yeah, this is an Asian spider that's come out from, yeah, landed outside of Atlanta just a few years ago. 21 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:31,200 It was 2014, somewhere in there. 22 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:33,200 And it has been springing ever since. 23 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:39,200 And we've been monitoring and trying to maybe model where that spider may move next. 24 00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:44,200 And if it actually is a species that's actually causing detriment to local species. 25 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:48,200 And where some of the first, maybe have some suggestions that it might. 26 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:56,200 So in places where we see huge abundances of that invasive spider, we see lower numbers of normal native species. 27 00:01:56,200 --> 00:02:02,200 So yeah, if you see a weird spider and want to know what it is, you can send me an email. 28 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:06,200 And yeah, the Joro spider is actually pretty big. 29 00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:10,200 So their bodies are about the size of big golden colored webs. 30 00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:13,200 So they're part of the golden worm heathens. 31 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:15,200 So anyway, that's what I'm doing. 32 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:19,200 So I want to talk to you about today is design. 33 00:02:19,200 --> 00:02:23,200 You get the opportunity to teach a couple of classes related to science and faith. 34 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:29,200 And so I get to share with students how to see design in the natural world. 35 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:38,200 And so I want to start by, let's see if I can jiggle a cable here to give it some work. 36 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:46,200 What design. 37 00:02:46,200 --> 00:02:48,200 Focus back. All right. 38 00:02:48,200 --> 00:02:51,200 So yeah, let's just go back to the beginning, Genesis one. 39 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:58,200 And we see here, the very beginning of everything that says in the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. 40 00:02:58,200 --> 00:03:04,200 It should kind of be a very first words of the Bible, demonstrating God is our creator. 41 00:03:04,200 --> 00:03:08,200 And I want you to get into it a little bit more. 42 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:15,200 The next verse talks about the earth was formless and empty or formless and void. 43 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:21,200 Yeah. These are words to talk about how the God does two things. 44 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:25,200 This is the preface to the rest of what happens in Genesis. 45 00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:30,200 Formless is just he's forming habitats, essentially, is what he's doing. 46 00:03:30,200 --> 00:03:35,200 And then filling them. So empty there, he's filling them. 47 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:41,200 And so here is a table from a theologian I find useful. 48 00:03:41,200 --> 00:03:44,200 I see these tables in several places. 49 00:03:44,200 --> 00:03:53,200 The entire structure of what happens in Genesis is one where God is forming a habitat in the first three days of creation and then filling it with stuff. 50 00:03:53,200 --> 00:04:03,200 So the best examples of that are day two, what does he create? Separates waters from waters, as it says, the atmosphere and the sea. 51 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:07,200 And then what does he do on day five? 52 00:04:07,200 --> 00:04:10,200 Fill them up with creatures, right? 53 00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:16,200 So there's the sky creatures, the birds and stuff, and the creatures that's sworn in the oceans. 54 00:04:16,200 --> 00:04:23,200 He is making a habitat and filling it. And the same thing happens if we can parallel day three. 55 00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:26,200 What is it creating on day three? 56 00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:29,200 The land that comes out of the waters, right? 57 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:31,200 And so what does he fill up with? 58 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:32,200 Creatures. 59 00:04:32,200 --> 00:04:36,200 The land and creatures. And at the very end of that day, what does he make? 60 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:37,200 People. 61 00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:38,200 He makes people. 62 00:04:38,200 --> 00:04:49,200 And so throughout we have this, a lot of those passages where we see this collection of God sees that he makes it on each one of those days. 63 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:58,200 And what does he say about most of those days? He can see that all the places where he says that it is good. 64 00:04:58,200 --> 00:05:02,200 And so, yeah, you go through there, the beginning, light. 65 00:05:02,200 --> 00:05:06,200 So like it was good. 66 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:08,200 The sea, the land and the seas are good. 67 00:05:08,200 --> 00:05:10,200 The slats are good. 68 00:05:10,200 --> 00:05:12,200 The lights in the sky are good. 69 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:14,200 The sky is the sea creatures. 70 00:05:14,200 --> 00:05:17,200 They are good. 71 00:05:17,200 --> 00:05:19,200 The land creatures are good. 72 00:05:19,200 --> 00:05:24,200 Now, the interesting one is the last one there. 73 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:27,200 So this is our scripture for today. 74 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:28,200 It's Genesis 131. 75 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:30,200 God sees everything. 76 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:36,200 It's actually interesting, it's the seventh instance of God calling things good in Genesis 1. 77 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:38,200 And is it just good? 78 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:39,200 Very good. 79 00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:40,200 It's very good. 80 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:44,200 What does that suggest about what God is wanting for his creation? 81 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:46,200 Or what he intended for his creation? 82 00:05:46,200 --> 00:05:48,200 Time with him. 83 00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:52,200 Is it just that each part separate is good and everything separate is good? 84 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:53,200 Holiness. 85 00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:55,200 There's a wholeness there. 86 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:58,200 He's looking at every single piece and what does he say? 87 00:05:58,200 --> 00:05:59,200 It's very good. 88 00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:03,200 When they're all together as a whole, it is now very good. 89 00:06:03,200 --> 00:06:07,200 He's wanting all the pieces to work in harmony with all the other pieces. 90 00:06:07,200 --> 00:06:13,200 He wants all the pieces to be mutually supportive of all the other pieces in creation, right? 91 00:06:13,200 --> 00:06:20,200 And I think when you start diving down and looking at the details of biology, you start to see that at every level. 92 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:28,200 So what I want to do is sort of go into something that I show to my class when I sometimes teach anatomy and physiology. 93 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:32,200 So this is the very front of the anatomy and physiology textbook. 94 00:06:32,200 --> 00:06:41,200 It's talking about these levels, kind of hierarchy of levels of complexity that life exhibits. 95 00:06:41,200 --> 00:06:42,200 All right. 96 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:52,200 And of course, so you can see there, so with atoms and molecules and then cells and then cells, a group of a single type of cell in your body, 97 00:06:52,200 --> 00:06:59,200 if you group it together, it's called a tissue, if we group tissues together in specific ways, we can get organs. 98 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:05,200 If we group organs in the way we get an organ system, then if we group all the organ systems together, what do we get? 99 00:07:05,200 --> 00:07:06,200 An organism. 100 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:07,200 An organism. 101 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:13,200 You or I or a kangaroo or a scorpion or a spider, right? 102 00:07:13,200 --> 00:07:15,200 Let's just dive down into some of that. 103 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:19,200 Let's just start looking at some of the simplest things. 104 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:27,200 It turns out you start looking at the nature of just fundamental laws of physics and chemistry, how molecules work. 105 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:36,200 You see that they seem to be designed, there's intentionality seems to be there for life to exist. 106 00:07:36,200 --> 00:07:45,200 Physicists sometimes call these fine tuning arguments, where it's just like if just a little bit we're different about certain fundamental forces, 107 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:48,200 life as we know it couldn't exist. 108 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:51,200 And so, yeah, let's look at a few of these. 109 00:07:51,200 --> 00:07:59,200 This is kind of just the atoms the human bodies may know, where it looks like we're mostly by weight, I think is what we're talking about here. 110 00:07:59,200 --> 00:08:01,200 So we're more, a lot of oxygen. 111 00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:14,200 The second one there we see is carbon, and then you see hydrogen, nitrogen, and then it repeats with some other stuff, calcium, phosphorus, things like this. 112 00:08:14,200 --> 00:08:18,200 All right, well, it should not sound like that exciting. 113 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:22,200 They said let's dig into one, probably the most important one of that list. 114 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:24,200 Obviously, oxygen is important. 115 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:26,200 We breathe it. 116 00:08:26,200 --> 00:08:28,200 You gotta breathe it. 117 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:30,200 If you didn't breathe it, you would quickly expire. 118 00:08:30,200 --> 00:08:34,200 Your body couldn't keep up with the energy demands of your body if you didn't breathe oxygen. 119 00:08:34,200 --> 00:08:38,200 But actually, oxygen is a part of the molecules that make up your body as well. 120 00:08:38,200 --> 00:08:48,200 And a lot of that, these complicated molecules your body is made out of, are really a function of one of those atoms, which is carbon. 121 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:52,200 Carbon is a pretty unique and awesome element. 122 00:08:52,200 --> 00:09:01,200 I'm not going to go into all the details, but it has the ability to form bonds and be able to facilitate complex molecules in a way that no other atom does. 123 00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:04,200 And that's why there's two branches of chemistry. 124 00:09:04,200 --> 00:09:09,200 We did like I did when we studied biology, you had to take lots of chemistry. 125 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:15,200 So when I was an undergrad in the general chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, that kind of stuff. 126 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:21,200 And we find that organic chemistry exists because carbon is complicated. 127 00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:26,200 It's really organic chemistry is just the study of compounds that made using carbon. 128 00:09:26,200 --> 00:09:33,200 And you can see there, we have identified about 10 million of these compounds that include carbon in that. 129 00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:44,200 And that covers many more, it's the order of magnitude, the center order is magnitude more than any of the other compounds that we know about that don't include carbon. 130 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:50,200 So if you're going to study organic chemistry, oh my goodness, there's a lot to study. 131 00:09:50,200 --> 00:09:52,200 That's why it's so disciplined right. 132 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:56,200 If you're studying inorganic chemistry, I mean, that's the important thing. 133 00:09:56,200 --> 00:10:03,200 You make, you know, there's of course, there's less compounds to study, right, half a million versus greater than 10, right. 134 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:05,200 And so carbon has this ability. 135 00:10:05,200 --> 00:10:18,200 Now people have speculated about other molecules or other atoms that might, you know, maybe an alien somewhere on another planet to use silica instead of carbon because it sits similar in place on a periodic table, my guess. 136 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:24,200 But again, anything we know about, if you dig into the details, now we have it. 137 00:10:24,200 --> 00:10:34,200 And so for all intents and purposes, the only type of life that can exist with the laws set up, that's going to set them up, are life forms like us that are carbon based. 138 00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:38,200 And so carbon is pretty amazing. 139 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:43,200 Some of those compounds, carbon compounds, we call them biomolecules. 140 00:10:43,200 --> 00:10:47,200 And those are just several classes of biomolecules that we see there. 141 00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:50,200 There's lipids, so lipids are fats. 142 00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:55,200 A lot of times we talk about these classes when we talk about diet. 143 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:58,200 Right, so lipids are the fats. 144 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:05,200 We don't really have a study board for any flake acids, but this is this energy, the information storage within a cell. 145 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,200 It deals in the flake acid. There's a few other things they do. 146 00:11:08,200 --> 00:11:12,200 Carbohydrates you want to write back from diet, right. 147 00:11:12,200 --> 00:11:20,200 These are energy storing molecules. This is what the, yeah, if you're eating HOSTA or something, it's the carbosome that we think about, right. 148 00:11:20,200 --> 00:11:23,200 Then there's proteins. 149 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:28,200 Proteins, again, you think about them as just something that we need to get enough of, right. 150 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:37,200 We've got to get our, get enough protein. That's kind of the message from the whole audience here in popular media surrounding health. 151 00:11:37,200 --> 00:11:39,200 You've got to get your protein. 152 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:42,200 You're going to need to get your protein, and you know, so eat your beans. 153 00:11:42,200 --> 00:11:44,200 There you go, get your protein that way. 154 00:11:44,200 --> 00:11:46,200 But actually protein is so much more than that. 155 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:48,200 So let's dive down to a little more gluten. 156 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:51,200 Let's just start with those nucleic acids. 157 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:55,200 So anybody probably recognize this double-UH structure? 158 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:56,200 What do we know of this? 159 00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:58,200 This is famous. 160 00:11:58,200 --> 00:12:02,200 Discovering, what was it, 1953 by Watson and Crick. 161 00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:04,200 Discovering the structure. 162 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:12,200 And then shortly after figuring out that this is an information coding molecule, it was a sequence hypothesis. 163 00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:23,200 The idea that certain arrangements of chemicals in a specific order along the rungs of this ladder actually form a, literally form a code. 164 00:12:23,200 --> 00:12:28,200 And that code is for, it probably does more than you know, even now. 165 00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:35,200 But at least at the time, you recognize it, say, it's information that can build certain proteins. 166 00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:37,200 But this is information storage. 167 00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:41,200 Now, information storage surrounds us right now. 168 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:43,200 Got my computer up here. 169 00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:46,200 Probably everyone has one of these in their pockets, right? 170 00:12:46,200 --> 00:12:53,200 And they always measure it in terms of how much gigabytes of memory it does, and gigabytes of memory over here and stuff like that. 171 00:12:53,200 --> 00:12:55,200 So there's information storage surrounding us. 172 00:12:55,200 --> 00:13:00,200 However, this DNA by itself, it's actually rather amazing. 173 00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:08,200 It is no matter, you know, whatever technology we've come up with, in terms of the amount of information that we stored in the smallest possible states, 174 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:15,200 DNA is by far and away the most information-depth medium that exists. 175 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:20,200 So we haven't been able to do that with God yet in terms of information storage. 176 00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:22,200 So let me just tell you what that looks like. 177 00:13:22,200 --> 00:13:24,200 This was an estimate I found out there. 178 00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:32,200 They say by saying a coffee mug full of DNA that's thinner theoretically home all the world's data that we can produce. 179 00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:33,200 All right. 180 00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:35,200 This is super dense information storage, right? 181 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:44,200 So you can imagine, you know, the entire blue frame for, let's say, every frozen in your body is stored up in a tiny little nucleus of the cell in your body, 182 00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:52,200 that's smaller than a period at the end of the sentence or something that's maybe in your hymn or something, in the biology that we're talking about. 183 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:54,200 See, that's the level we're talking about. 184 00:13:54,200 --> 00:14:03,200 So, yeah, you can see here that the estimate I found very late is roughly, what is it, a hundred centibytes of data that we have produced. 185 00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:06,200 And that's increasing exponentially every year. 186 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:11,200 And so, yeah, what is that in terms of gigabytes? 187 00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:13,200 So what's that number there? 188 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:15,200 The number is 10 to the 14th. 189 00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:16,200 So what is that? 190 00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:21,200 A hundred thousand billion somewhere in Netball Park. 191 00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:22,200 All right. 192 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:26,200 And so DNA can store information at that level. 193 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:28,200 That's amazing. 194 00:14:28,200 --> 00:14:29,200 All right. 195 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:33,200 Now, what is the, what is DNA doing? 196 00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:38,200 Well, one of the things we know that it does, again, it's probably doing far more than this, is it is coding for proteins. 197 00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:45,200 Now, we usually think, again, proteins are just what I had on my shake after I worked out this thing. 198 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:58,200 But when you're a molecular biologist and you're thinking about proteins, proteins are the substance that your body is made of. 199 00:14:58,200 --> 00:15:02,200 It's an amazingly designed machine in many ways. 200 00:15:02,200 --> 00:15:07,200 And you're designed down to the molecular level, tiny, tiny things. 201 00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:09,200 And it's actually very ingenious. 202 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:16,200 Essentially, proteins are made up of amino acids and they're like beads on a string. 203 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:19,200 So one bead has this property and another bead has this property. 204 00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:21,200 There's 21 of them that we use. 205 00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:30,200 And if you put them in just the right sequence, the chemistry of each one of those beads will interact and will fold into a three dimensional shape. 206 00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:36,200 And those, whatever shape that is, those three dimensional shapes, they carry out the function in your body. 207 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:39,200 Let me just show you some of the amazing ones that are right there. 208 00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:42,200 These are a couple of them that are worth talking about. 209 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:47,200 We have literally molecular nanomachines in our bodies that do stuff. 210 00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:53,200 I know sometimes I've watched sci-fi and I talk about these nanomachines we're going to have. 211 00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:58,200 I don't know, talking about nanites or something like this, stuff we have not invented yet. 212 00:15:58,200 --> 00:16:02,200 I don't know how far away we are from inventing this yet, but that exists inside our bodies. 213 00:16:02,200 --> 00:16:13,200 So a couple of these, the ones that I have up there are, yeah, the one on the left there is what's called ATP synthetics. 214 00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:15,200 Now, who's heard of mitochondria? 215 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:20,200 Sometimes I know that mitochondria is the color of the cells. 216 00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:27,200 Yeah, so essentially mitochondria in your body is going to take the energy that's in your food and sort of like a chemical refinery. 217 00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:30,200 It's sort of like taking petroleum and taking gasoline. 218 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:36,200 So it's taking the energy in the food that you eat and turning it into the kind of gasoline that cells run up. 219 00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:40,200 And that gasoline they call this ATP, demzene trichost. 220 00:16:40,200 --> 00:16:48,200 It's actually an amazing system because imagine a form of gasoline you could recycle. 221 00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:52,200 So ATP is set up. If you pull a part off, it releases some energy. 222 00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:58,200 And so if I can pop that part back on, essentially it recycles my gasoline, which is kind of amazing to think about. 223 00:16:58,200 --> 00:17:11,200 But that's what this part of the process of getting that energy from your food and sort of plugging these ATP molecules back together to recycle them is what this ATP synthase is doing. 224 00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:18,200 It's actually using a gradient of hydrogen ions to actually spin the turbine. 225 00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:23,200 And it does it at thousands of revolutions per second inside every one of your cells. 226 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:31,200 And every time it spins, it's actually taking and popping together back one of those ATP molecules to recycle that gasoline that your cells use. 227 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:35,200 It's a pretty amazing structure. I mean, it's like a little wignail, obviously. 228 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:40,200 And you look at that and you say, well, that's got to be designed. 229 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:47,200 That's the design at the fundamental level. You don't take a chance at national law for producing something like that. 230 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:54,200 The other one is another interesting one. So your cells and your body have to move things from one place to another. 231 00:17:54,200 --> 00:18:03,200 So if I go to a production site and I build a particular protein, and that protein is something that I need to release, maybe it's like that adjusted enzyme. 232 00:18:03,200 --> 00:18:09,200 So it's down there in your pancreas somewhere and it's an adjusted enzyme to break down the carbohydrate. 233 00:18:09,200 --> 00:18:18,200 You just take some pasta or maybe protein, just get some veggie. And you take your gut and you've got to break it down into the amino acids you need. 234 00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:22,200 And so you need an enzyme to do that. So it's kind of pushing outside the cell. 235 00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:28,200 So it builds it inside the cell and now it needs to get it out of the cell. Right. 236 00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:34,200 And so it uses motor crude. So it puts a little ball around it, a little bicycle. 237 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:40,200 And then there are these motor proteins. And you can see there it is literally walking. 238 00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:49,200 That's exactly what it does. As the energy gets input from that gasoline molecule, ATP, it changes shape and it steps, steps down. 239 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:55,200 It actually does it. That's super slow down. It's doing thousands of steps a second. 240 00:18:55,200 --> 00:19:00,200 And the thing it's standing on is part of what's called cytosalism. 241 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:06,200 It is a microtubule, which is basically, I mean, it gives shape to your cells. 242 00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:09,200 It's involved in cell division to make chromosomes go. 243 00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:19,200 But it also serves as a highway for that little motor protein to grab the, grab the vesicle, move it to the edge of the cell and release what it needs to release. 244 00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:24,200 Again, this is, these are nanomachines. Amazing design. 245 00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:38,200 All from the complexity of a carbon atom, they're not making complex molecules. This ingenious system of being able to plug amino acids together to get these shapes to get a amazing nanomachine like this. 246 00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:45,200 But yeah, the next step up, I got a bunch of these and it's just, you know, we could go take an electromyology class or something. 247 00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:52,200 This is what you're learning about, right? Just how well suited all these proteins are for the roles that they have in your system. 248 00:19:52,200 --> 00:20:02,200 But we get cells, right? So the very simplest cell are maybe 470 proteins. That's the simplest cell, you know, a little bacterium. 249 00:20:02,200 --> 00:20:07,200 That's actually a sexually transmitted disease bacterium. 250 00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:14,200 But anyway, it's the smallest cell we know of with the smallest number of proteins. And then this is a representation of the human cell. 251 00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:32,200 And we've got there 20,000 proteins because the difference here is that those cells in our bodies and all multicellular organisms can get together and work together and harmonize their, the way, you know, the way they use things to make the multicellular organism, which is pretty amazing. 252 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:37,200 Right. So we've got harmony at the basic levels, working together to make complicated molecules, right? 253 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:49,200 And we build up those complicated molecules to make complicated cells and those cells can work together here and very selfless ways to make you multicellular organism. 254 00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:58,200 So, yeah, if we move up, here we are. Right. So cells can work together to make a tissue. 255 00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:10,200 We can get tissues together, different cell types together to make an organ. And yeah, let's look at an example on one of those organs. And that is this. 256 00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:16,200 This is your eye. Lots of different cell types go into making your eye. 257 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:26,200 And you can see the different parts there that all work together. You can see, you know, we got a cornea and a lens that focus the light onto your retina. 258 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:32,200 And we're going to dive down in here to the retina a little bit because the amazing stuff happens in the retina. 259 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:40,200 Let's just dive down again. This is another image from the anatomy and physiology textbook that I use. 260 00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:48,200 So what you can see there is up at the top, that's the back, very back of your eye. So the front of the retina is down on the bottom. 261 00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:57,200 The back of the retina is up on top. And up on top, you can see that there is another layer there that has blood vessels in it. 262 00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:05,200 And then you can see right under that, there's a layer of pigmented cells. And those are there that actually don't, you have more acute vision. 263 00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:13,200 So I don't know if you've seen baseball players, or sometimes football players, they put that black stuff under their eyes. What is that for? 264 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:20,200 It's supposed to help reduce the layer, right? And that's what these dark cells are supposed to do too. 265 00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:27,200 Any strain, any photon gets sucked up by those, so you get a clear image. Let's blur it. 266 00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:37,200 And then right next to under those are actually the cells that detect the light. They're rod cells and they are tone cells. 267 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:43,200 And rod cells just see a general light that's black and white. Tones see color. 268 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:52,200 And tones even get more light to register their color. Your rods, that's why you see black and white at night, because the rods are more sensitive than your tones. 269 00:22:52,200 --> 00:23:00,200 All right. But then what's in front of them? If you go look at those rods and tone cells, the next layer of layer on these are just nerve cells 270 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:11,200 that transmit the information across the surface of the eye to the algemarin eventually to the brain, the sort out the algemarin signals are, so you can actually have conscious vision. 271 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:23,200 Now, people are pointing out something here, and I've seen a number of, let's say evolutionary biologists who think that your body is sort of cobbled together half-cassidually by evolution, 272 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:37,200 will look at this and say, I see a problem here. Now this, remember I told you that the bottom of the image represents the front of the retina, and the top of the images represents the back of the retina. 273 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:45,200 Which way does the same light go? In the front. People say it's going the wrong direction. 274 00:23:45,200 --> 00:24:00,200 In other words, it would be a little bit like me taking this microphone like this and sneaking into this end, right? Because the part that is sensing the light is back behind the watery. 275 00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:09,200 You would expect the light sensing stuff to be towards the light. And you know, so I hold the microphone like this and it talks, right? 276 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:21,200 And so people say, oh, this has got to be historical legacy from evolution. Your body wasn't designed at all. And stuff like that. So that's been kind of a mystery here. 277 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:28,200 Now, at first glance, there actually are some potential reasons why I feel like that. 278 00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:43,200 So one of those reasons happens to be that your vision requires a lot of energy. And every time a photon hits one of those cells, it's requiring that of some of the gasoline to actually detect it. 279 00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:50,200 And so you use a lot of HCP every day. So basically, you're looking at me, you're burning through HCP just seeing me. 280 00:24:50,200 --> 00:25:01,200 You're looking at the screen or anything like that. I think ultimately you're burning about your body's weight and HCP every day. So it's simply recycled in your mind. 281 00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:18,200 So a lot of it happens. So if it's requiring a lot of energy and metabolism for you to actually see anything, then those rods and cones better be near a source of blood to get nutrients and give off waste and all that kind of stuff. 282 00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:25,200 And this system, that's really actually not. As I told you, that top layer does a lot of blood vessels. So if you look at the back, that gives you extra blood vessels. 283 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:30,200 If they were to defraud it, there's a bunch of blood vessels there that's going to give you a few visions. 284 00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:38,200 So there might be some reasons there. You need those rods and cones back there near a good blood supply. 285 00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:48,200 And maybe you can just say, well, the wiring is better able to get light through a ton of blood than blood would be. So maybe that's why it makes sense. Right? Maybe. 286 00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:59,200 However, something amazing was discovered not too long ago that actually really nails down to this system, which really does not show as we put together at all. 287 00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:10,200 And that was that is this. So 2007, that's this paper, but was nutritionally treated as the National Pediatric Science. And they discovered these cells called Mueller cells. 288 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:16,200 Now they know that they existed before. So Mueller cells are a form of a glial cell. 289 00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:24,200 Glial cells are just cells that help your neurons live and do their thing so that you can think and see and move and all that is. Right? 290 00:26:24,200 --> 00:26:37,200 They're helper cells in the brain. They do lots of different things from helping to fight infections, to forming what's called the blood rain barrier, to making cerebrospinal fluid, to all kinds of stuff like this. 291 00:26:37,200 --> 00:26:43,200 And it turns out your grit is essentially an extension of your brain. All right. 292 00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:52,200 And there were these Mueller cells there and they discovered those Mueller cells are living in phytoactive light channeling cells. 293 00:26:52,200 --> 00:27:09,200 And what they do is they come out and stick out in front of all that wiring and catch the light, bypass all the wiring and send away and transmit that light directly to your rods and cones. 294 00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:14,200 And they do it in a way that actually improves your vision. 295 00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:23,200 So if they weren't there and it was just rods and cones, even if the line wasn't in a way, your vision would not be as good as it was if those Mueller cells were there. 296 00:27:23,200 --> 00:27:32,200 Because they can do interesting things. If it's darker, they can channel light to the right type of color to improve your vision. 297 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:50,200 All right. So it seems like they might be configured differently in an animal-plus-an-animal than they, but it turns out that they improve your daytime vision in a way that doesn't diminish your nighttime vision very much by channeling the light to the right place, to the right size. 298 00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:58,200 And so we see an elegant solution here. So now the whole picture is complete. Right. Everything is working in our meter. This looks very well designed now. 299 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:06,200 We need the cells, the rods and cones cells next to the blood supply because they're using a lot of energy to see. Right. 300 00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:16,200 So that means the wiring has to be out in front, but then we have this really neat way of solving that problem and also improving your vision in the process. 301 00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:19,200 So there you go. Pretty amazing stuff. 302 00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:33,200 This is why you're thinking about that coming back to scripture. I think we can all say with a deeper appreciation than we are indeed, carefully and wonderfully made. 303 00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:39,200 We see that lots of places all over the body. Now, let's take a little bit. 304 00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:50,200 So we've gone through this particular hierarchy, right, which stopped a few places and stopped and recognized that there is a lot of design going on at just about every single level. Right. 305 00:28:50,200 --> 00:28:55,200 But are these the only levels that exist? 306 00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:59,200 This is where the anatomy and physiology textbook happens. 307 00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:06,200 But you have to remember that I, I, I tend to study other things. I was out doing Transformation Biology for my dissertation. 308 00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:14,200 And so if you look at the ecology book, we get, we have other levels. 309 00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:23,200 And why is it switching? 310 00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:26,200 There's other levels, right? 311 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:41,200 The anatomy and physiology textbook starts at organism, but collections of organisms are called populations. Right. And let's say, yeah, we might have a community, the local area with several different species, populations of species interacting. 312 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:57,200 And that can go to an entire ecosystem. Right. Lots of interactions between organisms, plants and animals, fungi, bacteria, just the general non-living, you know, structure of the environment as well. 313 00:29:57,200 --> 00:30:02,200 Of course, if I put together ecosystems, what do I get? 314 00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:06,200 The entire planet. Right. 315 00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:20,200 And we can see here that ecosystems, even though in our, in the modern world, we could probably argue that the ecosystems we see are fallen. They've been affected by sin. Right. 316 00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:28,200 We still see that things work together in harmony to maintain biodiversity. Here's a classic example of that. 317 00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:37,200 So this is on the west coast of California or out the Oregon or even beyond where sea otters live. 318 00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:46,200 Right. So one of the things is part of Western expansion in our history, we trapped a lot of animals and cut a lot of belts. 319 00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:52,200 And sea otters have the densest fur of any mammal in the world. 320 00:30:52,200 --> 00:31:00,200 So you want the most luxurious fur that you want to sell to make coats out of or whatever. Sea otter was the top of the list. 321 00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:03,200 And so lots of sea otters were wiped out. 322 00:31:03,200 --> 00:31:07,200 And that actually had an effect on the ecosystem. 323 00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:13,200 We now follow this species like a sea otter, a keystone species. 324 00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:19,200 It's a species that I think has taken out of an ecosystem, the entire ecosystem. 325 00:31:19,200 --> 00:31:25,200 And that's happened for this because sea otters are one of the major things that keeps balance in that ecosystem. 326 00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:35,200 In the kelp forest ecosystem where sea otters live, it's the kelp that's really the place, the center of the ecosystem there. 327 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:42,200 The fish need the kelp. The rest of the diversity needs the kelp as things that eat or whatever. 328 00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:49,200 So there is, is left unchecked, all those things that eat the kelp will take over and the kelp will go away. 329 00:31:49,200 --> 00:31:57,200 When the kelp goes away, the ecosystem collapses from doing lots of free-trade living there to all those nuts. 330 00:31:57,200 --> 00:32:04,200 And the thing that kept things in check is the sea otter. 331 00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:07,200 So the big thing that eats is sea urchins. 332 00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:12,200 The picture I've got there is it's got a sea urchin there on its chest. It's not eating it. 333 00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:14,200 And sea urchins chew and eat the kelp. 334 00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:16,200 Now sea urchins have their place. 335 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:24,200 The left unchecked, you get what's in one of those pictures there, which is called sea urchin barrens, where there are no wisdom to kill. 336 00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:28,200 And consequently, the ecosystem has collapsed. 337 00:32:28,200 --> 00:32:30,200 We find this in a lot of places. 338 00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:33,200 Let me introduce wolves. That could be also. 339 00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:40,200 We have a huge rebound in vegetation because now the grazers weren't overgrazing. 340 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:47,200 And we got a huge rebound in biodiversity from just releasing a few wolves and the elves. 341 00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,200 This is a subterranean fact of what happened. 342 00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:53,200 I pulled this from a paper talking about this. 343 00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:56,200 You can see there, if you can follow the graphs there at all, 344 00:32:56,200 --> 00:33:02,200 it's basically showing that when the sea otters are present, there are a lot more fish. 345 00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:08,200 And this is actually even good for people because if you're a fisherman and you have fish to catch, that's helpful. 346 00:33:08,200 --> 00:33:12,200 So the sea otters actually help fishermen. 347 00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:14,200 So there's lots of fish. 348 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:16,200 And we can see muscle growth. 349 00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:23,200 It gets bigger, you get more foods of muscle seed at the water if the sea otters are present. 350 00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:27,200 The diets of some of these other birds and geckos have some shift on. 351 00:33:27,200 --> 00:33:33,200 So geckos can actually eat fish instead of eating other invertebrates. 352 00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:34,200 And so it's actually good. 353 00:33:34,200 --> 00:33:37,200 What we're finding is when all the ecosystem is healthy, 354 00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:42,200 it is working in a heartbeat to maintain that level of biodiversity that's there. 355 00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:45,200 And that's important not just for the creatures in the particular ecosystem, 356 00:33:45,200 --> 00:33:50,200 but we got to remember that we live on this planet too. 357 00:33:50,200 --> 00:33:57,200 And the entire ecosystems provide us with a lot of the things that we need to survive. 358 00:33:57,200 --> 00:33:59,200 This is a list. We call them ecosystem services. 359 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:00,200 And there's lots of them. 360 00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:06,200 Some of them are actually a recognition of that nature has a spiritual access to it. 361 00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:10,200 So when you go out in nature, do you feel closer to down? 362 00:34:10,200 --> 00:34:13,200 I know I do. I just spend time there. 363 00:34:13,200 --> 00:34:19,200 But other things happen just in terms of like nutrient cycling and topsoil and stuff like that. 364 00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:22,200 And pollinating plants. 365 00:34:22,200 --> 00:34:29,200 All of that stuff we need is the environment, is the ecosystems that provide it. 366 00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:30,200 All right. 367 00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:33,200 And so we got to remember that we're part of the ecosystem too. 368 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:39,200 Sometimes that's hard, especially since the Industrial Revolution, the technology we have. 369 00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:42,200 We often live in cities and we feel disconnected from it. 370 00:34:42,200 --> 00:34:46,200 And sometimes you feel that the rest of nature is sort of dispensable. 371 00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:48,200 We can live on our own. 372 00:34:48,200 --> 00:34:50,200 We don't need it. 373 00:34:50,200 --> 00:34:58,200 Maybe conservation is just for, you know, other people that doesn't really matter to me. 374 00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:00,200 Things like that. 375 00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:03,200 So that's where we come back to Genesis 131. 376 00:35:03,200 --> 00:35:06,200 What does God intend? 377 00:35:06,200 --> 00:35:13,200 Remember those days of creation on the sixth day, one of the things God made was humans. 378 00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:17,200 And so what is he expecting from humans? 379 00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:23,200 The rest of the creation at the lower levels we just talked about is working in harmony to make life work 380 00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:27,200 and to help the rest of creation thrive. 381 00:35:27,200 --> 00:35:31,200 Then what should be our role in God's creation? 382 00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:33,200 You take care of me. 383 00:35:33,200 --> 00:35:38,200 Now that's not just because, you know, I mean, I think on one level if we just have you take care of it 384 00:35:38,200 --> 00:35:46,200 because God values it and in creation God intended it to all work together and be in harmony. 385 00:35:46,200 --> 00:35:48,200 I mean, that's good, right? 386 00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:53,200 But we also remember we are part of it too. 387 00:35:53,200 --> 00:35:59,200 And that's actually what people are worrying about today. 388 00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:04,200 Actually, I think we can think about this even in deeper level one today of all things. 389 00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:14,200 Because right after Genesis 131 we start to chapter two and this is where God sets apart the Sabbath as holy. 390 00:36:14,200 --> 00:36:18,200 Right? So yeah, but the Sabbath said he finished his work. 391 00:36:18,200 --> 00:36:21,200 He declared it very good. 392 00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:25,200 And now it's time for us to say it is done. It's time to rest. 393 00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:32,200 It's time to, you know, let things move forward in the way that I intended them to move forward. 394 00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:42,200 But we know that yeah, the Sabbath here is a memorial of creation. 395 00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:46,200 It's a time when we tell them worship God, yes, and God asked us to, 396 00:36:46,200 --> 00:36:51,200 but does it have just deeper meaning than God asked us to come to church so we come? 397 00:36:51,200 --> 00:36:57,200 I think the answer is yeah, this is we need to reflect on what does God intend. 398 00:36:57,200 --> 00:37:04,200 Think back to a perfect world when everything was in harmony and there was no death 399 00:37:04,200 --> 00:37:09,200 and everything worked according to God's will. 400 00:37:09,200 --> 00:37:14,200 That's where, that's the great hope, right? Because we're looking forward to that happening again. 401 00:37:14,200 --> 00:37:21,200 We're kind of in this interim part where we sinned and screwed up and things are messed up. 402 00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:26,200 And we can all probably touch that at some point in our lives, whether now or in the past, 403 00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:28,200 or it's going to happen in the future, we're going to run into problems. 404 00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:33,200 We're going to realize on a very gut level that this world is messed up. 405 00:37:33,200 --> 00:37:35,200 And what gives us hope? 406 00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:36,200 Jesus. 407 00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:43,200 It's Jesus, we have a path back to God's perfect creation. 408 00:37:43,200 --> 00:37:49,200 And so when we come on Sabbath to worship, we need to be thinking about what does God intend? 409 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:54,200 God intends us to love him with all our hearts and soul and strength, right? 410 00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:57,200 He intends us to love our neighbors as well. 411 00:37:57,200 --> 00:38:02,200 And I think he intends us to be the rulers that he intended for us in the garden, right? 412 00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:05,200 He wanted us to tend to keep the garden. 413 00:38:05,200 --> 00:38:08,200 He was supposed to rule creation in his image, right? 414 00:38:08,200 --> 00:38:15,200 So, theologian of Herod, that talks about us, the creation being placed in part of middle management. 415 00:38:15,200 --> 00:38:19,200 The CEO is still over us telling us kind of the guidelines of what we need to do, 416 00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:23,200 but we have some archaeology to follow the CEO's will, right? 417 00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:25,200 That's what God intended for us. 418 00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:30,200 So, we recognize then that things are messed up, right? 419 00:38:30,200 --> 00:38:36,200 We have decided to go our own direction, do something that God said we shouldn't do. 420 00:38:36,200 --> 00:38:40,200 We all have that tendency deep inside us to act selfishly, right? 421 00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:49,200 Just to, yeah, kind of re-decorate things in the sense that our energy is kind of looking to God and what he wants, right? 422 00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:52,200 And then that's about consequences. 423 00:38:52,200 --> 00:38:57,200 So, there's a, I use David to generate that, I'm going to scrimmage that picture, 424 00:38:57,200 --> 00:39:02,200 but it's essentially trying to represent what had have dealt with after sin, right? 425 00:39:02,200 --> 00:39:06,200 The entire creation changed, it seems, and now we have to work hard, right? 426 00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:10,200 It's through, then he was plagued with thorns and thistles and things like this. 427 00:39:10,200 --> 00:39:13,200 And so, we have an impact. 428 00:39:13,200 --> 00:39:20,200 You know, our sin had an impact at the beginning, and currently, the way that we're going, 429 00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:25,200 we also are having negative impacts on God's creation. 430 00:39:25,200 --> 00:39:29,200 The Bible talks about this a little bit, it's talking about Romans 8, 431 00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:35,200 how the rest of creation has feeling the effects of sin, not just on us. 432 00:39:35,200 --> 00:39:39,200 And the phrase there is, it too seems to be looking forward to the Son of God to be revealed, 433 00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:47,200 as if things we do right now can matter in terms of sustaining the rest of God's creation. 434 00:39:47,200 --> 00:39:54,200 But yeah, let's just take for a moment some of the statistics that are out there just to recognize 435 00:39:54,200 --> 00:40:02,200 maybe how much we have impacted the rest of God's creation and continue to do. 436 00:40:02,200 --> 00:40:05,200 This is one that struck me recently, the letter N across, 437 00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:08,200 and this is to explain what's going on here. 438 00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:14,200 This is in reference to Bible, so mammal biome, so you all know what a mammal is, 439 00:40:14,200 --> 00:40:18,200 those types of animals that have hair and they develop them very young, you know. 440 00:40:18,200 --> 00:40:23,200 We are mammals, and platypuses are mammals, and you're a cat, dog, and cat, and that's right. 441 00:40:23,200 --> 00:40:24,200 And cows are mammals. 442 00:40:24,200 --> 00:40:28,200 Alright, so let's, what the exercise here was an estimate, right? 443 00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:34,200 It's like all the mammals in the world, we expect them on a scale, how much would that weigh? 444 00:40:34,200 --> 00:40:38,200 And then, Farsadaw, how much of that would be wobbling? 445 00:40:38,200 --> 00:40:41,200 How much of that would be humans? 446 00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:44,200 This is what they came up with in this study. 447 00:40:44,200 --> 00:40:50,200 Only 6% of the biomass in the world is actually wild animals. 448 00:40:50,200 --> 00:40:53,200 Second on that list is humans. 449 00:40:53,200 --> 00:40:54,200 Humans aren't the top. 450 00:40:54,200 --> 00:40:59,200 We're 36% of the biomass of mammals. 451 00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:00,200 What's the top? 452 00:41:00,200 --> 00:41:01,200 Livestock. 453 00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:04,200 Livestock. 454 00:41:04,200 --> 00:41:11,200 Why is that? 455 00:41:11,200 --> 00:41:13,200 It has to do with food, right? 456 00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:21,200 It turns out that when, you know, we have situated economic developments such that most countries have actually gotten richer, 457 00:41:21,200 --> 00:41:27,200 but as countries get richer, the demand for meat gets higher. 458 00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:34,200 And so, yeah, we have a lot more cows in terms of mass than any other mammal on this planet. 459 00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:38,200 And as a result, I'm eating cows that need a lot of land, right? 460 00:41:38,200 --> 00:41:45,200 They need us to grow food on other large stretches of land to feed them so they can slaughter them and eat them. 461 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:48,200 And that means we tend to squeeze out other stuff. 462 00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:49,200 Now, this is the most recent estimate. 463 00:41:49,200 --> 00:41:52,200 This is essentially what's kind of us. 464 00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:55,200 I don't know, I guess when you talk about finances, you're talking about the stock market, 465 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:58,200 and if you try and get a gauge on how well the stock market is doing, 466 00:41:58,200 --> 00:42:04,200 you take a few key stocks and take the average over time of those stocks and see if it's going up or down, right? 467 00:42:04,200 --> 00:42:09,200 That's what's happening here is that these are populations of bird-breed hamlets. 468 00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:11,200 So what do you see? 469 00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:16,200 They actually took 1970s benchmarks, so probably that's well after the Industrial Revolution, 470 00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:19,200 so hebb and hebb destruction I'm sure is preferred by here. 471 00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:22,200 But that's the level we're in, the comparison level. 472 00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:28,200 And since then, this is, yeah, almost a 70% decline in bird recipes. 473 00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:38,200 And so this is why a lot of people, people that do science and get out there and do stuff like this, 474 00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:41,200 think about conservation biology, are just artologists. 475 00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:43,200 They're documenting what's happening. 476 00:42:43,200 --> 00:42:47,200 They're talking about the biodiversity crisis. 477 00:42:47,200 --> 00:42:54,200 Some people use it in terms of, they call it a mass extinction, that we are perpetrated. 478 00:42:54,200 --> 00:43:03,200 The danger that some people see is that could we, and maybe Art Green, 479 00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:11,200 maybe our unwillingness to recognize that God intends for that creation to help sustain the rest of us 480 00:43:11,200 --> 00:43:20,200 and maybe help sustain it, that we destroy nature to the level that it can stop sustaining us. 481 00:43:20,200 --> 00:43:28,200 And that's the worry. So this was another paper, set of papers here by some of these authors 482 00:43:28,200 --> 00:43:32,200 that look at trying what's the biggest threat to humankind. 483 00:43:32,200 --> 00:43:35,200 And you'll see some of the things on that list. 484 00:43:35,200 --> 00:43:42,200 You'll notice that climate change is on there, but it's not the top of the list. 485 00:43:42,200 --> 00:43:46,200 The ones in the red are the big ones. 486 00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:50,200 You can see it over here, it is biosphere integrity. 487 00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:53,200 This is a biodiversity crisis. 488 00:43:53,200 --> 00:44:01,200 So the idea here from this author is an estimate suggesting we're losing biodiversity levels 489 00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:06,200 that maybe are beginning to threaten our civilization. 490 00:44:06,200 --> 00:44:10,200 So the other ones there, some of these are related, these are interrelated. 491 00:44:10,200 --> 00:44:16,200 But you notice another one there is the phosphorus and nitrogen, what's that about? 492 00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:22,200 Is it pollutants? Let me just show you kind of what that looks like. 493 00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:28,200 One of the things we do, we indiscriminately use fertilizers in a way that they get places they're not supposed to be. 494 00:44:28,200 --> 00:44:34,200 They cause problems. So one of the places that happens is if I have my field and I spray with fertilizer 495 00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:39,200 and we get runoff of that fertilizer into streams, 496 00:44:39,200 --> 00:44:44,200 and it runs off, say, into the ocean, which this is a picture, probably hard to see, 497 00:44:44,200 --> 00:44:50,200 because of the nexus around there, what happens is that little light forms there. 498 00:44:50,200 --> 00:44:56,200 The yeast, nitrogen, phosphates are sort of eliminating nutrients, they're fertilizing. 499 00:44:56,200 --> 00:45:04,200 And as they enter into a system where it's not expecting them, the algae explodes. 500 00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:07,200 And then it eats up all those nitrates and phosphates really fast, and then it runs out, 501 00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:11,200 and so all of that material dies. 502 00:45:11,200 --> 00:45:15,200 And if there isn't something there to balance and eat it, if you do that, 503 00:45:15,200 --> 00:45:19,200 it happens every year, like around the last ten places, there's upwellings, ocean currents, 504 00:45:19,200 --> 00:45:25,200 there's manutrients to the top, but nature is queued into it, and you have a huge explosion of life. 505 00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:30,200 So the fish eat the plankton, and you have whales migrating clear from Hawaii 506 00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:33,200 to come eat to the bounty that's there. 507 00:45:33,200 --> 00:45:40,200 And it's a place where biodiversity increases, but if you do that plump from where biodiversity is not expected, 508 00:45:40,200 --> 00:45:42,200 then there's nothing to eat the algae. 509 00:45:42,200 --> 00:45:46,200 The algae die, they sink, and the only thing to decompose in this bacteria 510 00:45:46,200 --> 00:45:50,200 is the bacteria sucking the oxygen out of the water and kills everything else. 511 00:45:50,200 --> 00:45:53,200 And that's an ocean dead cell. 512 00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:57,200 And you can see here from the other graph, places where ocean dead cells have been worse, 513 00:45:57,200 --> 00:46:05,200 and places where there's greatest human population near Kos. 514 00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:08,200 All right, what do we do about this? 515 00:46:08,200 --> 00:46:11,200 Nature is not in harmony. 516 00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:15,200 We're not working in concert with the intended creation. 517 00:46:15,200 --> 00:46:20,200 What can we do about it? Actually, the thing that I have found most interesting in looking into this 518 00:46:20,200 --> 00:46:26,200 is that the things that we do about it are actually the things we've already been counseled to do in Scripture. 519 00:46:26,200 --> 00:46:31,200 Or from other places. Let me show you what I mean. Let's look at this. 520 00:46:31,200 --> 00:46:36,200 So this is older, but I think it still represents what's happening in the Amazon. 521 00:46:36,200 --> 00:46:39,200 Amazon deforestation. 522 00:46:39,200 --> 00:46:45,200 So this is huge forest, huge amounts of biodiversity there, some of it is all the lungs of the planet 523 00:46:45,200 --> 00:46:48,200 because it's producing so much oxygen. 524 00:46:48,200 --> 00:46:52,200 But what causes deforestation? 525 00:46:52,200 --> 00:46:54,200 Humans. 526 00:46:54,200 --> 00:46:59,200 So as you can see, there's two major groups that are causing deforestation. 527 00:46:59,200 --> 00:47:06,200 And the one that you can see here is small-scale subsistence agriculture. 528 00:47:06,200 --> 00:47:09,200 That's about 30. 529 00:47:09,200 --> 00:47:11,200 These are poor people. 530 00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:15,200 And the only way they can make a living is to do what's called slash and burn agriculture, 531 00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:19,200 which makes they go into a place that Amazon deforestation. 532 00:47:19,200 --> 00:47:23,200 They kind of go down and burn it because it turns out that all of the nutrients are trapped in the life there. 533 00:47:23,200 --> 00:47:26,200 And the soil is relatively poor. 534 00:47:26,200 --> 00:47:29,200 And so they burn it to put some nutrients in the soil. 535 00:47:29,200 --> 00:47:31,200 And then they fire it for a little while just to survive. 536 00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:33,200 And then what happens? 537 00:47:33,200 --> 00:47:35,200 It runs out of nutrients. So what happens? 538 00:47:35,200 --> 00:47:38,200 They got to do it all over again. 539 00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:44,200 How can we help prevent this type of deforestation? 540 00:47:44,200 --> 00:47:47,200 Change your lifestyle. 541 00:47:47,200 --> 00:47:49,200 This is caring for the forest. 542 00:47:49,200 --> 00:47:50,200 So what do we do? 543 00:47:50,200 --> 00:47:56,200 Organizations like Azure or others, we go and try and bring people out of poverty. 544 00:47:56,200 --> 00:48:02,200 So if we could go here and bring people out of poverty, give them a better way to make a living, then they don't have to do this anymore. 545 00:48:02,200 --> 00:48:05,200 So that's only a third of this problem, this five-chart. 546 00:48:05,200 --> 00:48:16,200 The other part of the five-chart is cattle ranches, which shouldn't be surprising since cows make up the greatest mass of mammals on the planet, right? 547 00:48:16,200 --> 00:48:19,200 Who are those cattle ranches serving? 548 00:48:19,200 --> 00:48:22,200 Themselves. 549 00:48:22,200 --> 00:48:27,200 So they're getting rich doing it, but who are they selling meat to? 550 00:48:27,200 --> 00:48:31,200 Us, McDonald's. 551 00:48:31,200 --> 00:48:32,200 All right. 552 00:48:32,200 --> 00:48:38,200 It turns out the richer you are, the more resources you tend to consume because you eat meat or you do this. 553 00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:46,200 So the people that are driving this type of economy are the people on the top. 554 00:48:46,200 --> 00:48:50,200 The people on the bottom, we could try to bring up, but what do we need to do for people on the top? 555 00:48:50,200 --> 00:48:58,200 We need to teach them that biblical principles about contentment and caring for people. 556 00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:02,200 And maybe also think about health. 557 00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:07,200 If we ate less meat, then we wouldn't have to have the giant space to raise cattle. 558 00:49:07,200 --> 00:49:10,200 We still would need to grow crops, which might impinge on somebody. 559 00:49:10,200 --> 00:49:17,200 We'd be much, much less. The crops would go correctly to a human now instead of the cow now if it gets to us. 560 00:49:17,200 --> 00:49:19,200 Right? 561 00:49:19,200 --> 00:49:27,200 So that means that caring for the poor and economics come into the question of how we help solve this problem. 562 00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:30,200 Did Jesus teach us to care for the poor? 563 00:49:30,200 --> 00:49:31,200 Yeah. 564 00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:37,200 Did Jesus teach us to be content and that riches come with dangers? 565 00:49:37,200 --> 00:49:39,200 Yes. 566 00:49:39,200 --> 00:49:41,200 So what about the other side of it? 567 00:49:41,200 --> 00:49:46,200 We as Adventists have this message we call it the health. 568 00:49:46,200 --> 00:49:48,200 Right? Look after your health. 569 00:49:48,200 --> 00:49:52,200 And it turns out there's an interesting overlap here. 570 00:49:52,200 --> 00:49:55,200 A plant-based diet is better for your health. 571 00:49:55,200 --> 00:49:57,200 We know that, right? 572 00:49:57,200 --> 00:50:04,200 But did you know that people have also suggested that a plant-based diet is better for the planet? 573 00:50:04,200 --> 00:50:07,200 Because it uses less resources. 574 00:50:07,200 --> 00:50:11,200 There's actually plenty of people now that may know nothing of the gospel, 575 00:50:11,200 --> 00:50:18,200 but do value caring for the planet and their vegetarians as a result. 576 00:50:18,200 --> 00:50:20,200 So it seems like that's the overlap. 577 00:50:20,200 --> 00:50:30,200 It sounded amazing to think that the things, the diet that is best for you is also the diet that is best for the planet. 578 00:50:30,200 --> 00:50:34,200 So it works two ways. 579 00:50:34,200 --> 00:50:39,200 Health and planet health all kind of converge in the same direction. 580 00:50:39,200 --> 00:50:42,200 So that's what I think we should be thinking about. 581 00:50:42,200 --> 00:50:52,200 I think it might be these ideas about how we can help are part of maybe the three angels' messages. 582 00:50:52,200 --> 00:50:56,200 So the first angel, I think this is most clearly seen in the message of the first angel. 583 00:50:56,200 --> 00:51:06,200 In Revelation 14, the first angel besides saying, fear God and give the word to him for the hour of judgment has come, 584 00:51:06,200 --> 00:51:14,200 the first angel also says, worship him who made the heavens and the earth to see and the spirit of life. 585 00:51:14,200 --> 00:51:24,200 Now in Adventist theology, what we have to do is look at that passage and say that's a direct reference to Genesis 1. 586 00:51:24,200 --> 00:51:27,200 And the Sabbath. 587 00:51:27,200 --> 00:51:30,200 So what is the Sabbath memorial about? 588 00:51:30,200 --> 00:51:32,200 It's creation. 589 00:51:32,200 --> 00:51:34,200 And what do we think? 590 00:51:34,200 --> 00:51:39,200 What's the deep meaning of reflection like creation? 591 00:51:39,200 --> 00:51:47,200 It's that God intends on everything to be in harmony and work together. 592 00:51:47,200 --> 00:51:55,200 So I think buried is the first angel message is an aspect of it that might all us to, you know, 593 00:51:55,200 --> 00:52:00,200 really relevant things to say about the current Bible and the Holy Spirit. 594 00:52:00,200 --> 00:52:04,200 And that might be a way of running souls. 595 00:52:04,200 --> 00:52:06,200 How about it? 596 00:52:06,200 --> 00:52:12,200 I will say that is this an ultimate solution to the problem is us getting the other? 597 00:52:12,200 --> 00:52:17,200 For me, I tend to think that maybe selfishness will reign. 598 00:52:17,200 --> 00:52:25,200 Even if everybody every Adventist turn into a good, you know, advocate of environmental stewardship. 599 00:52:25,200 --> 00:52:28,200 Are we going to prevent the end of time from coming? 600 00:52:28,200 --> 00:52:30,200 No, no, no. 601 00:52:30,200 --> 00:52:37,200 And even if we did, we still in a sinful world and things will still go downhill. 602 00:52:37,200 --> 00:52:42,200 So that might seem kind of hopeless. 603 00:52:42,200 --> 00:52:47,200 I would still suggest we need to be part of the solution that part of the problem. 604 00:52:47,200 --> 00:52:52,200 But again, you should think back to Sabbath as a memorial of creation. 605 00:52:52,200 --> 00:52:58,200 Look forward to God setting things right with you. 606 00:52:58,200 --> 00:53:03,200 So this is a quote from one of my favorite and the steel oceans. 607 00:53:03,200 --> 00:53:08,200 That's what you say, the only sufficient permanent answer to fishes difficulties 608 00:53:08,200 --> 00:53:16,200 facing a lost world of which environmental challenges are none of them. 609 00:53:16,200 --> 00:53:20,200 The only solution is what? 610 00:53:20,200 --> 00:53:24,200 His victorious returning the clouds of heaven. 611 00:53:24,200 --> 00:53:26,200 There is the real hope. 612 00:53:26,200 --> 00:53:29,200 All else is standard. 613 00:53:29,200 --> 00:53:32,200 So let's look forward to Jesus coming soon. 614 00:53:32,200 --> 00:53:33,200 Amen. 615 00:53:33,200 --> 00:53:40,200 Let's look forward to a time when harmony is restored, what God intended to restore. 616 00:53:40,200 --> 00:53:45,200 And when we can be a part of that system when God returns and sets everything right. 617 00:53:45,200 --> 00:53:48,200 So, yeah, thank you for listening to this. 618 00:53:48,200 --> 00:53:52,200 And Father, just want to thank you for your blessings once again. 619 00:53:52,200 --> 00:53:59,200 Thank you for the amazing interest, intrepid, see and design that you have put into everything you've created on this planet. 620 00:53:59,200 --> 00:54:04,200 I would ask that we spend time to recognize what you have done on this Sabbath day, 621 00:54:04,200 --> 00:54:06,200 which is a memorial of your creation. 622 00:54:06,200 --> 00:54:09,200 And help us not just to stay there, but to look forward, 623 00:54:09,200 --> 00:54:14,200 help us to understand how we can be part of the harmony that you intended. 624 00:54:14,200 --> 00:54:23,200 Help us to see and understand others and also find ways to look after your creation at the same time. 625 00:54:23,200 --> 00:54:29,200 I ask for blessing on each one here as we go out from here this week. 626 00:54:29,200 --> 00:54:31,200 May your blessing be with each and everyone. 627 00:54:31,200 --> 00:54:59,200 I ask this in Jesus' name, Amen.