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Welcome back to the Poggle Podcast.

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This is episode four of season three.

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I'm your host, Wayne Pearson, and with me today is Siobhan Julian.

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Hi, Siobhan.

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Hello, Wayne.

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What do you have for us today?

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Oh my goodness.

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I am so excited about today's conversation.

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Today we are talking about what to do when a Poggle activity on something that you want

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a Poggle doesn't exist.

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What do you do if there isn't one out there?

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And we have with us today two people who have a lot of experience in that particular category.

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So we have with us here today, Sydney and Megan.

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Sydney Marquez-Bokirin is a music professor.

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He teaches music theory and composition at the, at Adelphi University.

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And he's the chair of the music department, which is a small liberal arts institution

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on Long Island, New York.

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He's also the co-chair of the diversity, equity and inclusion council for the college of arts

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and sciences there at Adelphi.

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We also have with us Megan Morgan Hoffman, who teaches biology at Berea College, which

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is a liberal arts school in central Kentucky.

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Her primary areas are introductory biology, developmental biology and neurobiology.

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And oh man, we have such great people to talk to us today about not having a Poggle activity,

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biology and music.

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Let's go.

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So we'll, we'll open up by saying, you know, just, hey, how did you come across Poggle

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in the first place?

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Cause I think that's always an interesting place to start.

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How did you find out about Poggle?

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Well, I'll jump in first.

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For me, it was an absolute fluke and I'm so grateful.

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I was giving a presentation at a higher education conference in Kentucky.

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And the person before my presentation had just been to a Poggle workshop and was just

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talking about it.

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Here's Poggle.

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It's really great.

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You need to look at it.

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Then I gave my presentation and then I looked into Poggle and there happened to be a workshop

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about four hours away from me in the next several weeks.

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So I went and fell in love and it was, I don't know if I would have learned about it otherwise.

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So it was a wonderful fluke.

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That's really similar thing for me.

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I heard about it at a conference.

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I heard someone mention it.

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Sydney.

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So similar thing for me, but this was a teaching and learning conference at Adelphi University.

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So Adelphi offers an annual teaching and learning conference.

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And it was during lunchtime, I was having lunch with colleagues from a variety of disciplines

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and we were talking about what we do in the classroom.

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And a colleague of mine, Melissa Vanalsen Paris, a chemist said, oh, that sounds like

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Poggle.

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And I go, Poggle, what's Poggle?

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And the rest is history.

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I visited her class, observed her class, was involved in a chemistry Poggle activity, a

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musician.

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And then she visited my class and she gave me suggestions and pointed me in the right

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direction in terms of going to Poggle regional workshop.

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And that was my first sort of formal foray into Poggle and the rest is history.

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Yes, yes.

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As they say, I drank the Kool-Aid.

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Yeah, they do say that.

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It's not a lie.

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So this episode is really focused on what happens when you don't have a published Poggle

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activity.

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Where do you start?

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What's helpful when you're crafting your own activities?

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And Sydney, I'll have you comment on that first.

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Sure, and I just have to say, maybe I was very naive, but I thought everyone had to

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write their own Poggle.

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So this was like a thing that I thought we just had to do if we did Poggle, write your

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own activity.

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So I think that sort of naivety made it less of a challenge for me because I felt you just

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had to do it.

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And maybe part of it too is just being a creative artist and an educator at that and putting

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those skills together made the process not as challenging as it might be for others.

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I don't know.

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But for me, I just took what I learned from the regional workshop in terms of creating

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models.

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And it didn't really click for me until much later that other people have books with activities

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already published.

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It's like, oh.

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And I guess I'm still in the process of developing such a resource with my collaborator, Josh

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Grofman.

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So our plan is to actually develop such a book for music theory activities, Poggle music

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theory activities.

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That would be so awesome.

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So awesome.

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So Megan, I'll throw it over to you.

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Where did you start?

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How did you get started on making your own activities?

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Yeah.

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I was one of the first biologists to join Poggle when it was 100% or mostly chemistry.

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And so there weren't activities in biology.

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And I remember, well, they invited some of us, some of the biology folks, to come to

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a writing workshop and to try and help us get rolling writing around.

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So that was a gift.

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And I remember driving back six hours from St. Louis and sort of dictating into a, it

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probably was a tape recorder at that point, dictating into a tape recorder some ideas

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I had for writing some activities.

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So that going to the writing workshop was very, very helpful.

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You don't have to do that, but it certainly gave me some tools that I could start with.

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So when you're looking to create your own activity and it doesn't exist out there, what's

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the first thing that you consider?

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Sort of walk us through your process.

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Like, what's the first thing that you consider and what follows after that?

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Megan, go ahead.

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Yeah.

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One thing that I did that was helpful when I was trying to start out was I sort of tested

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out some ideas.

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So without getting formal and writing an activity, I would take a particularly good diagram from

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a textbook, for instance, and project it for the students to see.

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And then I would ask them a couple of questions about it.

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What do you think is going, what is going on in this particular point and how does it

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relate to that point?

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So almost doing a Poggle activity in the air, right?

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Here's a picture.

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Ask a few questions.

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Then you can listen to what the students are saying.

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And if they're not going in the direction you intended, you can prompt them, right?

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So rather than have something written where it's harder to make changes on the fly, this

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was a good way to test things out and see what might be a good model and how to guide

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students.

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Yeah, that's great.

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Sydney, so how do you start?

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Tough question.

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If I think about where I started, the models, right?

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I mean, really trying to figure out, well, what models work.

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And in music, our models generally unfold in time because we have to listen to the example.

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It can be as short as a clip because it could just be a chord, right?

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But it's not just about looking at the thing.

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It's also about listening to the thing.

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And then it can become longer examples if it's an excerpt from a piece or even a full

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piece.

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And generally, I kind of have two approaches.

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One is a concept that has multiple forms, say, for example, musical texture or different

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types of chords, like major, minor, augmented diminished triads, for example, or augmented

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six chords, et cetera.

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And then I use those as models and I develop questions that gradually get the students

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to the concept, right?

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And then, as we know in the learning process, eventually get to that term that's associated

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with the concept.

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That's one process that is having multiple models.

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The other is really taking a concept that I've learned myself from someone else and

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then developing a set of guiding questions, the process-oriented guided part, right?

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That lead to understanding something about the model.

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So a singular model that demonstrates a concept multiple times, right?

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And it's accepted as a model.

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For example, a chorale by Bach.

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That's a very standard model for us in music theory.

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Yeah, I think that's generally how I approach putting a Pogel activity together.

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I will add, though, that I did attend the writers' retreat and that was really, really

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helpful because then I went beyond just writing the models and really thought about the kind

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of questions I asked, the order of the questions and the way the questions are asked.

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And then the Pogel pack, the clearinghouse, because then I got feedback.

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Oh, I realized I didn't do this thing that would be really helpful for our students,

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such as actually explicitly saying, working in your teams, come to agreement on.

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That is tremendously helpful, right?

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Because Pogel is all about collaborative processes, right?

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And I kind of presumed that that would happen.

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And I did realize that stating something explicitly is really, really helpful, right?

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Because by saying that, it avoids the problem of students moving forward on their own individually

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as opposed to working as a team.

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Yeah, I've started in the Pogels that I've written, it always, or Pogel-like activities

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that I've written, it really does need to start with the model, you know, and making

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sure that that's a good starting place.

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But then, yeah, absolutely, the order of the questions you ask, those little phrasing things,

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Sydney, absolutely.

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Speaking of a model, what does a model look like in your discipline?

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So Sydney, obviously, with music, there's that element of an aural model where you're

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hearing it.

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But is it always that case?

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Are you all, and I'll ask you very specifically for music, are you always going to use that?

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You mentioned chorale by Bach.

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Is it always a full piece?

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So sort of what does a model look like in your discipline?

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So at least the models that I create and use, not necessarily create, but use, they can

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range from single chords and just the model, or they could be excerpts of a longer piece,

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or they could be a full piece.

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I generally, I haven't used extended pieces because the longer the models are and the

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more they are of them, the more time it takes in a 50 minute class, time is precious.

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Well, time is precious, period, anyway.

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But yes, I would say that we always have to listen.

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So we always have to listen to the music that we're analyzing.

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We always have to look at the score.

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And then we always have to look while listening so that those multiple processes are scaffolded

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but also used together.

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And I might be a little biased here, but I always tell my students that as musicians,

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our ears are very powerful tools.

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That is a skill that we have and that we should use in analysis.

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Your ear will tell you a lot more, can tell you a lot more than just versus overthinking

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something.

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And while you're looking at the score and those dots on the page may not always translate

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into sound, but especially for our students.

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But once you make that association by listening and looking at the score, then you're really

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putting everything together.

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Yes, I'll leave it there.

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So Megan, teaching biology, what makes the models that you work with different than the

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classic chemistry Pogel models?

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Right, but the classic chemistry Pogel models were the ones I saw anywhere were visuals.

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So images of something or equations.

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And so I'm still stuck in the visual.

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I do have to say that, but I've gone from thinking the model must be an image to using

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videos or animations.

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Biology is a lot of biology is kinetic and you have to see something unfold to really

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understand what's going on.

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So having students look at videos or animations and also just text and not a book text, but

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I wrote an activity about learning the language of biology.

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So much of biology's terms come from Latin and Greek.

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So helping students see that you don't have to memorize thousands of terms, you can decipher

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them.

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So just having words and descriptions as a model worked really well.

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Or I have an activity on mindset.

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And so having quotations from different people and having them analyze mindset by reading

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what people say, so I'm still visual.

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I'm still stuck in the visual, but there's more of a variety to them now.

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I love that so much.

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That's such a fantastic idea.

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And what both of you are saying that you're really pulling on, like we're taking the model

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from a static image on the page to something that we're engaging other senses in.

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We're listening, we're watching.

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And just to kind of go off on that, because you are talking about very different types

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of models, more active, more engaging models than we have in the published books, because

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we're writing our own.

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Do you find yourself altering the roles that students have in order to better interpret

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those models?

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So I'll go to Megan first on this.

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Just today we were using something I call the model pointer.

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So their requirement, because the models can have a lot of information and their job is

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point to the part of the model that your team is talking about right now to make sure everyone's

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actually talking about the same thing.

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Or the, I don't think this is unique, but the molecule handler, if we're building things,

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one person is in charge of moving around the pieces.

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So when we're sorting molecules, they're in charge of that.

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Or someone to run the computer if they're watching an animation or a model.

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And Sydney, I mean, with music, how does that affect your roles?

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Oh my gosh.

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Shravan, this is like a light bulb moment.

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It's like, what?

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I can change the roles?

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I'll have to think about this now.

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I've changed the names.

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I used to use manager.

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Now it's facilitator.

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I really like that term.

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But boy, I don't have to think about this.

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Oh wow, okay.

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Maybe it's something that I should apply in my own classroom.

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So thank you.

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There is one thing that I would like to add because Shravan, you mentioned we're talking

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about experiencing models in a variety of ways.

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I neglected to mention that sometimes the chorale that we're analyzing, I have my students

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sing it.

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So they're really engaging multiple senses.

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They're really experiencing the music.

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I don't just play it for them.

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Yeah.

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Yeah.

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I love this so much because for someone who teaches chemistry, and that's me, I'm very

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fortunate that I have two published Flynn books for high school chemistry.

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And I've been working out of those quite a lot.

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And as such, it's like that that's what a Poggle activity is.

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And of course, we want to go through that vetting process and have these high quality

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activities published.

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But to see how we can expand this when you don't have the published activities and then

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how you can make it much broader, much richer, looking at it a variety of ways.

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I love that and having the students actually sing it.

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That's fantastic.

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So this is a little more specific and feel free to answer in terms of the specifics of

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your discipline.

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But even in chemistry, not every topic is suitable for a Poggle activity just due to

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the nature of the topic.

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So what are some topics in your discipline that are just really, really hard to write

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a Poggle activity for that don't necessarily go well with this sort of active learning

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environment?

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And Sydney, go ahead.

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Yeah, I've been thinking about this.

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And there are two factors that generally keep me from Poggle-izing something, if I can verb

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that term, which is time.

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Right.

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Sometimes it's not actually the concept, but time.

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And I think that's one of the challenges that we have to kind of just get over, that we

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can invest the time to create the activity because that activity will be of use for us

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in the future.

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But yes, there are, I feel, certain concepts that I haven't quite figured out, primarily

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because it involves sort of more the creativity of the students.

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So then they get really invested in wanting to do what they want individually.

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And the concept that our creativity, our individual creativity, that's us, right?

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Singly.

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And so it's hard to put that into a team concept, but I think there's a way.

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I mean, I like the idea of composing as a team, for example.

291
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I'm not there yet because when I've tried this, students kind of rebel.

292
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But I don't want to do that.

293
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I mean, I would hear them in their teams.

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It was not working.

295
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So that's one, like concepts that involve creativity at the core.

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And the other are just more advanced concepts that I haven't yet quite figured out how to

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find an effective, or determine an effective model.

298
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I'm sorry that I'm speaking sort of generally, but I hope that that's not...

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That that's helpful.

300
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Yeah, I think that is helpful.

301
00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:52,840
And because that's something too that with music, when you talk about music theory, I

302
00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:59,400
can see the more concrete things like you were talking about being very open to an activity.

303
00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:03,040
But like you said, those more creative aspects like composition, yeah, how are you going

304
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to get four people in one team?

305
00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:06,440
That's right.

306
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Yeah.

307
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Chords, scales, musical textures, you know, yeah, that can be done.

308
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And others that's why they're still struggling.

309
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I like that you're not saying it can't be done.

310
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I like that you're just saying, I haven't done it yet.

311
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I haven't done it yet.

312
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That is a perfect attitude to have.

313
00:21:28,400 --> 00:21:33,920
All right, Megan, so what are some things that are just kind of tough to have a Pogol

314
00:21:33,920 --> 00:21:34,920
activity for?

315
00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:40,280
Yeah, I was trying to think of this because I haven't hit anything yet that I don't think

316
00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:45,960
I can do, but you know, my upper level classes, I haven't spent as much time writing activities

317
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for those.

318
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But I had two thoughts.

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One with listening to Sydney, the creative part, right, the creative part of science,

320
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one part of that might be designing experiments.

321
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And how do you guide people through that?

322
00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:07,720
Yeah, you can give them some hints, but how do you make them get them there or really

323
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deep analysis of something where there's not a single right answer?

324
00:22:12,120 --> 00:22:19,760
And so that made me think that the Pogol project recognizes two kinds of activities right now,

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the learning cycle ones, which I think mostly I've been thinking about while we're talking

326
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here, but also the application activity.

327
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And that's one where students might already have the skills and the background.

328
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So you're not teaching them something new, but you're letting them apply what they know

329
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to some new scenario.

330
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So I think that may be where we need to think about it.

331
00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:58,080
Okay, maybe this topic doesn't lend itself to learning cycle, but maybe it's an application,

332
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right?

333
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Maybe there's a case study in medicine you can use or, you know, there's somewhere where

334
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you're applying what you already learned.

335
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I love that.

336
00:23:07,840 --> 00:23:08,840
I love that.

337
00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:12,760
Yeah, definitely thinking and thinking about the activities as serving two different functions.

338
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You know, sometimes that you have the learning cycle function versus the application function.

339
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Love this so much.

340
00:23:20,980 --> 00:23:29,080
So how do you respond to people who say, because I'm sure, especially in music, Sydney, say,

341
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this won't work with Pogol.

342
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This won't work with Pogol.

343
00:23:32,340 --> 00:23:33,340
We can't do that.

344
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We can't do music through a Pogol activity or biology.

345
00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:40,320
No, just it's chemistry.

346
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That's where it started.

347
00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:45,360
So how do you respond to someone who says, no, you can't do that through Pogol?

348
00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:48,160
Who wants to speak?

349
00:23:48,160 --> 00:23:58,520
Well, I would probably, if this was a natural conversation, I would pause and really think

350
00:23:58,520 --> 00:23:59,980
about the question, right?

351
00:23:59,980 --> 00:24:06,200
And on the specifics of what this will not work, then this, right?

352
00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:13,680
And I would then gently say, well, let's think about that a bit more.

353
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That's where I would start.

354
00:24:18,760 --> 00:24:21,000
And then eventually I'll get back to them.

355
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:26,240
And you know, who knows, maybe it is not possible for that particular thing.

356
00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:30,000
And then I would say, okay, I can't come up with anything.

357
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:32,440
I'm sorry, I can't help you with that one.

358
00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:40,440
But then I'll probably toggle to or pivot to another concept, an associated concept

359
00:24:40,440 --> 00:24:44,480
and suggest, no, I can't think of something for that.

360
00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:46,440
But how about this?

361
00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:47,440
Yeah.

362
00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:51,320
Yeah, I like that.

363
00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:53,160
Megan.

364
00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:57,440
This actually brings up something I was wanting to talk about and hadn't found a good place

365
00:24:57,440 --> 00:24:58,440
for.

366
00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:04,080
Yes, of course, there may be some things that we really just can't put into either the learning

367
00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:06,920
cycle or the application.

368
00:25:06,920 --> 00:25:09,560
But maybe there's a new avenue for Pogol, right?

369
00:25:09,560 --> 00:25:14,720
So maybe there are ways to just stretch what Pogol does now.

370
00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:22,800
But also, I think if you are trying to get students to an understanding, then you can

371
00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:26,040
use Pogol to get there.

372
00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:32,920
There was an article written a while ago by Dan Libby talking about how to turn a lecture

373
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into a guided inquiry activity.

374
00:25:35,580 --> 00:25:43,360
And then in more recent years, Laura Trout has helped develop a scaffold for authors.

375
00:25:43,360 --> 00:25:46,640
So at the writing workshops, we use a scaffold.

376
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And here's how I think you might think about this, how to Pogolize something.

377
00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:55,080
Start with the assessment question.

378
00:25:55,080 --> 00:26:02,300
If you were going to write an exam or a final paper prompt, what is that?

379
00:26:02,300 --> 00:26:03,300
And then you work backwards.

380
00:26:03,300 --> 00:26:12,320
And you say, OK, if I want my students to answer this question, what is the first question

381
00:26:12,320 --> 00:26:16,120
I have to ask myself in order to get at that question?

382
00:26:16,120 --> 00:26:22,400
And then what content did I need to know to ask that question to answer the prompt?

383
00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:29,040
And you kind of break the prompt down into the basic concepts students need to know or

384
00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:31,080
the basic skills they need to have.

385
00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:37,880
They need to be able to parse a sentence or they need to be able to analyze a novel or

386
00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:43,280
they need to be able to code something in computer science.

387
00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:48,080
And you just break it apart and you keep saying, OK, well, what did I need to know to say that?

388
00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:49,520
And then you step back again.

389
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:51,600
What did I need to know to say that?

390
00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:57,000
And if you can do that, then you can write a guided inquiry activity about it.

391
00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:58,000
Sydney.

392
00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:03,200
In lesson two, scaffold.

393
00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:11,320
Instead of saying no, when someone says, I can't do use Poggle in this con with this

394
00:27:11,320 --> 00:27:15,400
concept, with this activity, with this whatever.

395
00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:19,960
Take it step by step and follow what Megan just said.

396
00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:20,960
Scaffold.

397
00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:25,720
I'm hurting so much today.

398
00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:33,040
You two obviously are working in disciplines where you don't didn't always have a published

399
00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:34,720
activities.

400
00:27:34,720 --> 00:27:39,480
Do you need a full blown published activity to run a Poggle like session?

401
00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:44,760
Do you need that published activity, Megan?

402
00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:47,480
I'm going to say no.

403
00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:51,480
I think.

404
00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:59,460
Part of what makes the guided inquiry is you are helping students along the path to get

405
00:27:59,460 --> 00:28:02,100
to an understanding.

406
00:28:02,100 --> 00:28:10,240
And I think that's possible to do even without a published activity or an activity at all.

407
00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:18,800
I know I'm to counter it to something, another way of learning, I am really awful at running

408
00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:19,800
discussions.

409
00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:20,800
I just don't do it well.

410
00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:22,080
I don't ask the right questions.

411
00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:26,840
I can't get students always engaged in a discussion.

412
00:28:26,840 --> 00:28:33,600
But I found if I structured it in a guided inquiry way, then I can do it and they can

413
00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:34,600
do it.

414
00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:41,160
So I can ask them a few leading questions and then let them talk with each other and

415
00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:43,200
then bring them back.

416
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:44,620
That I can do.

417
00:28:44,620 --> 00:28:50,480
So I think there are ways to get students to explore something on their own with you

418
00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:53,120
just nudging them in the right direction.

419
00:28:53,120 --> 00:28:54,920
Thank you.

420
00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:55,920
Sydney.

421
00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:59,160
Oh, I have to say no.

422
00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:05,480
Because we don't have any public.

423
00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:09,160
So yeah, that's no, but I want to.

424
00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:13,480
So rephrase the question for you, Sydney, like what if you don't have an activity that

425
00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:17,080
you've even fully written, you just more kind of have an idea.

426
00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:19,600
Are you able to incorporate that into your classroom?

427
00:29:19,600 --> 00:29:24,040
Are you waiting until you have finished writing that and you're like, this is good.

428
00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:29,800
I have revised it five times and now I'm going to run it with my students.

429
00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:36,680
Oh, if I did that, I would not ever have any activities or any Poggle in my classroom.

430
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:43,620
I think it's really helpful to think about Poggle as a continuum.

431
00:29:43,620 --> 00:29:44,620
What does that mean?

432
00:29:44,620 --> 00:29:51,000
So you have used the word Poggle like, so that's one towards one end of the continuum.

433
00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:54,920
And then the other end are the published activities.

434
00:29:54,920 --> 00:30:02,240
For me, what really is appealing about Poggle, what is really useful with Poggle is that

435
00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:06,280
there are a variety of ways of applying Poggle principles.

436
00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:12,960
The activity is just one concrete example of what Poggle is.

437
00:30:12,960 --> 00:30:22,380
That the soft skills that are learned in the process are valuable as well.

438
00:30:22,380 --> 00:30:27,920
So the idea of teamwork, like sometimes I will have my students work in teams, even

439
00:30:27,920 --> 00:30:30,920
though I don't have a Poggle activity.

440
00:30:30,920 --> 00:30:36,640
But I don't think one has to have a Poggle activity to have students work in teams, because

441
00:30:36,640 --> 00:30:40,240
it's also about building that community in the team.

442
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:50,160
So that when they do have an activity, they already feel that they're a team working together

443
00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:53,080
to succeed in this activity.

444
00:30:53,080 --> 00:30:58,720
And then there are other variants in between, right?

445
00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:05,080
Because I may have a Poggle activity, but I think if I wait until I'm happy with it,

446
00:31:05,080 --> 00:31:07,920
I would never be able to use it.

447
00:31:07,920 --> 00:31:15,400
And I think the best way to actually figure out how to improve the activity is to just

448
00:31:15,400 --> 00:31:16,680
use it.

449
00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:24,480
And I will say, though, that I usually have designed a full activity that I try out.

450
00:31:24,480 --> 00:31:32,700
I don't tend to, I do not try just a set of questions and not the entire activity.

451
00:31:32,700 --> 00:31:36,920
And I've learned a lot, because then I know, okay, well, this activity actually takes two

452
00:31:36,920 --> 00:31:39,920
days, not one day, 15 minutes, just not enough.

453
00:31:39,920 --> 00:31:42,480
That happens a lot.

454
00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:48,680
And then I either finesse the activity so that it does fit the 15 minute framework of

455
00:31:48,680 --> 00:31:56,600
my class, timeframe of my class, or I accept that, hey, it's two days, or even three days,

456
00:31:56,600 --> 00:32:02,160
and that there's this continual building upon on terms of student learning from one class

457
00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:03,960
to the next.

458
00:32:03,960 --> 00:32:05,880
Yeah, absolutely.

459
00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:14,000
So going right along with what Sydney said about just kind of learning over time and,

460
00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:18,240
you know, okay, this is one day, okay, I'm not going to wait until I've revised it five

461
00:32:18,240 --> 00:32:19,240
times.

462
00:32:19,240 --> 00:32:25,480
What are some of your biggest lessons learned from your experience of writing your own Pogels?

463
00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:28,960
What are the lessons that you've really taken from this?

464
00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:30,960
And I'll start with Megan.

465
00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:33,200
Thanks.

466
00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:36,360
One is just make notes.

467
00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:42,580
I have my activity that I'm, you know, that even if I've used it 10 times, this class

468
00:32:42,580 --> 00:32:46,900
of students will see something else in there that I didn't see or will read something differently.

469
00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:47,900
So make notes.

470
00:32:47,900 --> 00:32:49,160
This was great.

471
00:32:49,160 --> 00:32:50,520
This was horrible.

472
00:32:50,520 --> 00:32:54,400
You know, students read this question to mean this.

473
00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:59,520
And if I don't make the notes during the class, I'm not going to remember it.

474
00:32:59,520 --> 00:33:01,480
And so that's really important.

475
00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:06,800
And another thing I've done, which is incredibly helpful, is if students are not reading a

476
00:33:06,800 --> 00:33:13,280
question the way I intended it, I ask them, how would you rephrase this question?

477
00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:16,760
You know, I explain what I meant, and then I'll say, okay, what's a better way to ask

478
00:33:16,760 --> 00:33:17,760
this question?

479
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:22,720
And they've been great editors, because once they know what I'm trying to get them to think

480
00:33:22,720 --> 00:33:25,720
about, they know how to say it.

481
00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:29,760
So that's been hugely helpful.

482
00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:30,760
That's fantastic.

483
00:33:30,760 --> 00:33:33,720
So I'm asking the students to contribute to the process.

484
00:33:33,720 --> 00:33:34,720
Yeah.

485
00:33:34,720 --> 00:33:37,560
Sydney, so what are some of your biggest lessons learned?

486
00:33:37,560 --> 00:33:42,400
Okay, so I just learned another lesson today.

487
00:33:42,400 --> 00:33:45,760
Lesson number one was you can change roles.

488
00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:49,080
So can I, I'm just going to jump in there.

489
00:33:49,080 --> 00:33:55,280
And the first time I was at a Pogal workshop, it was NCAP 2017 National Conference to Advanced

490
00:33:55,280 --> 00:33:57,600
Pogal Practice in 2017.

491
00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:00,920
And I went up in like a newbie and introduced myself.

492
00:34:00,920 --> 00:34:04,440
No, he said this in a talk.

493
00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:12,040
It was Rick Moog, and he said something like, there's no right way to do Pogal.

494
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:16,680
And that was just very freeing for me to hear Rick say that, to say that, you know, you

495
00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:18,800
can interpret it for your own classroom.

496
00:34:18,800 --> 00:34:20,920
So Sydney, passing that message on to you.

497
00:34:20,920 --> 00:34:25,000
So lesson one, Sydney can have different roles.

498
00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:27,240
Yes, yes, yes.

499
00:34:27,240 --> 00:34:29,680
Lesson three, students as editors.

500
00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:31,920
Oh gosh, what a concept.

501
00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:34,920
Thank you, Megan.

502
00:34:34,920 --> 00:34:40,960
That I will certainly, certainly keep in mind.

503
00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:46,480
And something else that I found very helpful is having a collaborator.

504
00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:49,840
And for me, that's Joshua Groffman.

505
00:34:49,840 --> 00:34:52,400
He teaches at Southern Connecticut State University.

506
00:34:52,400 --> 00:34:54,680
He's actually the chairperson there.

507
00:34:54,680 --> 00:34:57,640
And we've worked together on a variety of activities.

508
00:34:57,640 --> 00:34:59,200
We've shared each other's activities.

509
00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:00,880
We've given each other comments.

510
00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:05,280
I've even used his activities in my classroom, although I'm not sure if he's used mine.

511
00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:06,280
I don't know.

512
00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:08,160
I'll ask.

513
00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:11,200
But that's continuing.

514
00:35:11,200 --> 00:35:14,080
We'll continue to work together.

515
00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:16,480
And then there was something else I was going to add.

516
00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:21,520
Well, while you're thinking of that, Megan, you were kind of nodding when he was talking

517
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:23,520
about collaborators.

518
00:35:23,520 --> 00:35:28,600
And you have collaborative relationships that you've lent on over the years.

519
00:35:28,600 --> 00:35:29,600
Yeah, off and on.

520
00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:34,960
There were a group of some biology professors who were at that first writing workshop.

521
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:37,200
And we bounced some ideas off each other.

522
00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:42,480
We tried to write together and it turned out we had sort of two camps in terms of how we

523
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:44,920
should organize things.

524
00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:51,180
But I did have, I have had a colleague who was helpful.

525
00:35:51,180 --> 00:35:55,440
And then I've also met, there are many more biologists now in Prokof.

526
00:35:55,440 --> 00:35:59,560
So we're starting to kind of talk with each other more too.

527
00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:04,720
But I haven't had a one single partner the way that Sydney has found someone to work

528
00:36:04,720 --> 00:36:05,720
with.

529
00:36:05,720 --> 00:36:06,720
Yeah, that's so great.

530
00:36:06,720 --> 00:36:07,720
That's so great.

531
00:36:07,720 --> 00:36:09,280
Yeah, Sydney, did you have something else?

532
00:36:09,280 --> 00:36:11,280
Yes, I remembered.

533
00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:12,280
Okay, good.

534
00:36:12,280 --> 00:36:13,280
Lessons learned.

535
00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:14,280
Yes.

536
00:36:14,280 --> 00:36:18,720
Which is that it's okay if an activity doesn't fly.

537
00:36:18,720 --> 00:36:22,920
If it doesn't work.

538
00:36:22,920 --> 00:36:29,160
And similarly, I think I've mentioned this already, it's okay if the activity you design

539
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:34,960
isn't at its best form.

540
00:36:34,960 --> 00:36:42,920
And it's also okay if you make adjustments on the activity on the fly.

541
00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:53,000
I have found myself doing this and just adjusting and really just accepting that.

542
00:36:53,000 --> 00:36:58,840
And then deciding after the fact whether that was an adjustment specific to that class or

543
00:36:58,840 --> 00:37:02,080
it's actually an adjustment that like a eureka moment.

544
00:37:02,080 --> 00:37:11,040
Oh, I should do this and make this included as part of the next version of the activity.

545
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:14,760
Yeah, that's such fantastic advice.

546
00:37:14,760 --> 00:37:21,160
I think in life, not only in writing Poggle activities.

547
00:37:21,160 --> 00:37:26,120
Very much along the same lines.

548
00:37:26,120 --> 00:37:31,160
I love running the virtual fundamentals Poggle workshop introducing new teachers to Poggle.

549
00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:34,720
And sometimes they start to realize through this that they love the idea, but they don't

550
00:37:34,720 --> 00:37:37,880
have the published stuff out there.

551
00:37:37,880 --> 00:37:42,200
So they're in a position where they might have to write their own if they want to use

552
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:44,340
this pedagogy.

553
00:37:44,340 --> 00:37:48,740
How do we support new practitioners who are looking for these activities and looking to

554
00:37:48,740 --> 00:37:49,740
write their own?

555
00:37:49,740 --> 00:37:51,480
Megan, go ahead.

556
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:58,240
Yeah, certainly if someone has been to a workshop, they have contacts now in the Poggle project.

557
00:37:58,240 --> 00:38:05,920
So contact one of the people who facilitated your workshop and say, do you know anyone

558
00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:08,080
in this discipline?

559
00:38:08,080 --> 00:38:10,640
And we get introductions all the time by email.

560
00:38:10,640 --> 00:38:13,480
Oh, here's a colleague who is interested in this topic.

561
00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:15,360
Do you guys know anybody?

562
00:38:15,360 --> 00:38:21,180
And that's one way to find someone who either has already drafted some activities and wants

563
00:38:21,180 --> 00:38:25,000
to share them or to brainstorm with.

564
00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:27,420
So that's definitely one thing.

565
00:38:27,420 --> 00:38:31,760
You can also write to the Poggle project, but you've already made contacts personally with

566
00:38:31,760 --> 00:38:36,080
people at these workshops, so I think that's a great place to start.

567
00:38:36,080 --> 00:38:43,720
And another is the PAC, the Poggle Activity Clearinghouse, is really rolling now.

568
00:38:43,720 --> 00:38:50,520
And you can get access to it just by taking a short training session, 90 minutes or something,

569
00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:52,840
and you have access to these activities.

570
00:38:52,840 --> 00:38:57,800
So you might find an activity in your discipline that people have written and are trying to

571
00:38:57,800 --> 00:39:10,160
get feedback on, or you can say, I would love to write an activity on the first Battle of

572
00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:11,160
the Bull Run.

573
00:39:11,160 --> 00:39:13,920
Does anybody have ideas on how to do that?

574
00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:18,680
And that goes out to the community, and you might find someone there who wants to collaborate.

575
00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:24,600
Yeah, the Poggle Activity Clearinghouse, the PAC, they really have a very large spectrum

576
00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:28,280
of different things in terms of getting new activities going.

577
00:39:28,280 --> 00:39:32,720
So if we have newer listeners out there and are they unaware of that, that's definitely

578
00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:34,640
something to check out.

579
00:39:34,640 --> 00:39:40,480
We can go from an activity that's almost ready to one, like Megan said, I just have an idea

580
00:39:40,480 --> 00:39:43,040
and I don't want to jump on this with me.

581
00:39:43,040 --> 00:39:47,900
Sydney, how do we support new practitioners who are looking to write?

582
00:39:47,900 --> 00:39:53,160
I think I'm just going to amplify something that Megan said, which is consultation.

583
00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:58,840
And turn to people who, to your connections that you're developing, right?

584
00:39:58,840 --> 00:40:05,720
Which reminds me, we do have a Facebook group for Poggle practitioners.

585
00:40:05,720 --> 00:40:11,160
And if you want to just ask, oh, I want to do this, but I have no idea where to start,

586
00:40:11,160 --> 00:40:13,160
just post a message there.

587
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:17,000
And people are so good about responding and helping each other.

588
00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:18,000
That's one.

589
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:25,640
And if you do have someone in your institution who is a Poggle practitioner, then consulting

590
00:40:25,640 --> 00:40:30,820
with them, because they will know your institution, they hopefully will know you also.

591
00:40:30,820 --> 00:40:38,240
And even though they might not be in your discipline, as educators, and also Poggle

592
00:40:38,240 --> 00:40:43,760
educators, we would be familiar with the learning cycle enough that we might be able to ask

593
00:40:43,760 --> 00:40:46,520
questions about, well, what kinds of models are you looking for?

594
00:40:46,520 --> 00:40:47,920
What's the concept?

595
00:40:47,920 --> 00:40:53,360
And point in the right direction, even if the detail of the activity is not exactly

596
00:40:53,360 --> 00:40:56,160
there yet in that consultation.

597
00:40:56,160 --> 00:40:58,880
Kind of that guiding process, I think, will be helpful.

598
00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:04,600
No, that's a great, great point that you can have people help you out who aren't necessarily

599
00:41:04,600 --> 00:41:06,360
in your same discipline.

600
00:41:06,360 --> 00:41:09,680
And they have that experience more with writing Poggle activities.

601
00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:12,000
Yeah, 100%.

602
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:19,560
I've helped a English language arts teacher at my high school write a Poggle about film

603
00:41:19,560 --> 00:41:22,600
noir and just introducing film noir.

604
00:41:22,600 --> 00:41:26,040
And it was just, yeah, it was because, but he got it.

605
00:41:26,040 --> 00:41:29,600
He's like, well, you know, Sean is a nation of the ins and outs of it.

606
00:41:29,600 --> 00:41:30,600
It's that learning cycle.

607
00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:31,600
Oh, that's terrific.

608
00:41:31,600 --> 00:41:34,240
That's exactly it, right?

609
00:41:34,240 --> 00:41:43,680
And I'm sure you, by just that conversation, someone new to Poggle can arrive on their

610
00:41:43,680 --> 00:41:50,100
own to how to create the activity or what kinds of models are looking for, et cetera.

611
00:41:50,100 --> 00:41:56,120
And just to reiterate what things that Megan and Sydney have said, number one, if you've

612
00:41:56,120 --> 00:42:01,700
been to a workshop and you're looking to write your own, yes, please do feel free to send

613
00:42:01,700 --> 00:42:06,440
an email to the facilitators, because if we sign up to facilitate a workshop, we love

614
00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:08,120
to talk about Poggle.

615
00:42:08,120 --> 00:42:09,600
We would love to take your email.

616
00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:11,000
We would love to get back to you.

617
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:13,820
So we are absolutely open to that.

618
00:42:13,820 --> 00:42:18,840
And then, yeah, the plug for the Facebook Poggle practitioners page, everyone in the

619
00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:25,200
Poggle project is just incredibly kind, incredibly nice and wants to help you out.

620
00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:29,560
So don't, you know, absolutely post a question and people will get back to you and help you

621
00:42:29,560 --> 00:42:31,560
out in any way they can.

622
00:42:31,560 --> 00:42:37,000
And something that came up in some of our earlier conversations that I just want to

623
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:43,540
make sure that we talk about, I think, and I know for me personally, for some activities

624
00:42:43,540 --> 00:42:50,060
that I've written, I get very self-conscious sometimes when I'm thinking about sharing

625
00:42:50,060 --> 00:42:55,700
them with other people, because I'm like, oh my God, no, I wrote this for my classroom.

626
00:42:55,700 --> 00:43:00,440
And to have someone else look at it, just, I just feel like it's not enough.

627
00:43:00,440 --> 00:43:03,180
It's not good enough.

628
00:43:03,180 --> 00:43:08,200
As people who've obviously written their own and then shared it with others, how do you

629
00:43:08,200 --> 00:43:12,600
move past that kind of a mindset?

630
00:43:12,600 --> 00:43:15,520
Megan.

631
00:43:15,520 --> 00:43:16,520
This is really embarrassing.

632
00:43:16,520 --> 00:43:19,080
And I'm saying this to however many people are listening.

633
00:43:19,080 --> 00:43:20,080
This is embarrassing.

634
00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:26,900
I have been working on activities for 16 years and I have been, I've played lots of roles

635
00:43:26,900 --> 00:43:31,920
in the POCO project where I am reviewing people's activities or giving them feedback on their

636
00:43:31,920 --> 00:43:34,920
activities or helping them write their activities.

637
00:43:34,920 --> 00:43:42,160
And I have not had the confidence to put mine into that same process.

638
00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:49,360
And so just this year, I finally got over myself and I'm starting to submit these to

639
00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:51,500
the PAC.

640
00:43:51,500 --> 00:43:54,520
I'm starting to ask other folks for feedback.

641
00:43:54,520 --> 00:43:59,840
And as he said, Siobhan, there's nobody to be afraid of in this project.

642
00:43:59,840 --> 00:44:01,320
No one is judgmental.

643
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:05,480
No one is going to write back and say, oh my God, Megan, what the heck were you thinking?

644
00:44:05,480 --> 00:44:07,880
That's not going to happen.

645
00:44:07,880 --> 00:44:14,680
So everybody in this project wants to help us be better teachers and better writers.

646
00:44:14,680 --> 00:44:18,600
So the PAC is there.

647
00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:19,600
Colleagues are there.

648
00:44:19,600 --> 00:44:21,800
Just do it.

649
00:44:21,800 --> 00:44:25,080
Yeah, Sidney.

650
00:44:25,080 --> 00:44:34,160
I think for me, it's the experience of being someone who's really interested in POGO practice

651
00:44:34,160 --> 00:44:36,240
without activities.

652
00:44:36,240 --> 00:44:40,880
I feel like I would like to pay it forward.

653
00:44:40,880 --> 00:44:41,880
Is that the right phrase?

654
00:44:41,880 --> 00:44:42,880
Oh yeah.

655
00:44:42,880 --> 00:44:43,880
Yeah.

656
00:44:43,880 --> 00:44:50,920
By not worrying about my ego in the process and just letting that go.

657
00:44:50,920 --> 00:44:57,680
I completely agree, Siobhan, in terms of hesitation in sharing and being critiqued.

658
00:44:57,680 --> 00:44:58,960
Oh gosh.

659
00:44:58,960 --> 00:45:02,480
That really can be very challenging.

660
00:45:02,480 --> 00:45:13,860
But for me, I think about, well, if these are available, if these are shared, if others

661
00:45:13,860 --> 00:45:22,640
know that there are folks in music theory who are writing POGO activities, then maybe

662
00:45:22,640 --> 00:45:28,280
they won't say, oh, that's not possible because we know it is possible.

663
00:45:28,280 --> 00:45:34,160
And that can only be known if we put ourselves out there.

664
00:45:34,160 --> 00:45:36,120
You're such a torchbearer, Sidney.

665
00:45:36,120 --> 00:45:37,120
I love it.

666
00:45:37,120 --> 00:45:38,520
I love it so much.

667
00:45:38,520 --> 00:45:39,560
Wait, sorry.

668
00:45:39,560 --> 00:45:42,920
What does that phrase mean, torchbearer?

669
00:45:42,920 --> 00:45:44,640
You're heading the charge.

670
00:45:44,640 --> 00:45:46,320
You're leading the way.

671
00:45:46,320 --> 00:45:54,840
You're representing music teachers out there, but really showing them that this is possible.

672
00:45:54,840 --> 00:46:01,160
Because I know that I'm fairly certain that POGO pedagogy is not widespread amongst the

673
00:46:01,160 --> 00:46:03,840
music educators community.

674
00:46:03,840 --> 00:46:08,560
But you being out there and you having the courage to put your activities out there and

675
00:46:08,560 --> 00:46:10,720
your platform to say, hey, this works.

676
00:46:10,720 --> 00:46:16,920
Now, man, that's going to change so many people's minds and push POGO in such an exciting new

677
00:46:16,920 --> 00:46:17,920
direction.

678
00:46:17,920 --> 00:46:21,640
Well, you know what I've been thinking about are my students.

679
00:46:21,640 --> 00:46:25,200
So I have a lot of music ed majors in my classes.

680
00:46:25,200 --> 00:46:28,280
So they enjoy POGO.

681
00:46:28,280 --> 00:46:34,400
So I'm imagining 10 years down the road, will they be writing their own POGO activities

682
00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:36,760
for their students?

683
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:38,640
That excites me.

684
00:46:38,640 --> 00:46:42,160
That would be terrific if that happens.

685
00:46:42,160 --> 00:46:47,040
But I also am careful that I don't push them in that direction.

686
00:46:47,040 --> 00:46:50,920
That really it's their personal journey.

687
00:46:50,920 --> 00:46:57,000
But I am hopeful that they seem to be having a very positive experience in that this is

688
00:46:57,000 --> 00:47:01,760
the kind of learning, the kind of learning experience or the kind of learning process

689
00:47:01,760 --> 00:47:09,920
that they would want to have their own students experience in their classrooms.

690
00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:10,920
That's fantastic.

691
00:47:10,920 --> 00:47:11,920
All right.

692
00:47:11,920 --> 00:47:15,520
Thank you both so much for talking with us.

693
00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:19,800
And I just want to give you an opportunity to say, have your last final piece, last little

694
00:47:19,800 --> 00:47:21,480
bit of sign off.

695
00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:26,320
Sydney, what are your final words of wisdom that you want to give to us here today?

696
00:47:26,320 --> 00:47:27,320
I don't know.

697
00:47:27,320 --> 00:47:30,400
And not words of wisdom, but just words of gratitude.

698
00:47:30,400 --> 00:47:33,360
I am so grateful for this opportunity.

699
00:47:33,360 --> 00:47:36,200
Thank you for inviting me.

700
00:47:36,200 --> 00:47:39,160
And shout out to all music theorists there.

701
00:47:39,160 --> 00:47:40,160
I'm here.

702
00:47:40,160 --> 00:47:45,320
Feel free to contact me and we'll chat.

703
00:47:45,320 --> 00:47:46,320
Thank you again.

704
00:47:46,320 --> 00:47:47,320
Love it.

705
00:47:47,320 --> 00:47:48,320
Megan.

706
00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:49,320
Yes.

707
00:47:49,320 --> 00:47:52,560
Also, thank you for including me in this.

708
00:47:52,560 --> 00:47:54,920
It's always a joy to talk with all of you folks.

709
00:47:54,920 --> 00:47:57,520
I could sit and talk POGO forever.

710
00:47:57,520 --> 00:48:02,880
And especially with Sydney and Siobhan and Wayne, it's wonderful.

711
00:48:02,880 --> 00:48:07,040
And I just welcome everyone to the POGO community who's listening to this.

712
00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:08,040
Yes, definitely.

713
00:48:08,040 --> 00:48:09,040
Definitely.

714
00:48:09,040 --> 00:48:13,680
If you're new to the community and you have any questions, please just contact someone,

715
00:48:13,680 --> 00:48:18,920
post to Facebook and we'll happily support you in your journey as you start writing some

716
00:48:18,920 --> 00:48:21,360
of your own activities.

717
00:48:21,360 --> 00:48:23,400
Thank you both so much for sharing everything.

718
00:48:23,400 --> 00:48:26,200
This has been such a wonderful conversation.

719
00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:31,240
Thank you everyone for listening and I will hand it back to Wayne.

720
00:48:31,240 --> 00:48:37,160
Well thank you Siobhan and thank you Megan and Sydney for just a fantastic, shall I say,

721
00:48:37,160 --> 00:48:43,160
really active conversation about the POGO classroom and the activities that we use in

722
00:48:43,160 --> 00:48:44,160
the POGO classroom.

723
00:48:44,160 --> 00:48:49,600
Now, of course, this is where we ask our listeners to join the conversation.

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00:48:49,600 --> 00:48:56,080
Again, if you go to the Facebook page and you use hashtag the POGO podcast, you can

725
00:48:56,080 --> 00:48:58,080
join in this conversation.

726
00:48:58,080 --> 00:49:03,240
Let us know what you do when faced with the lack of an activity in your classroom and

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00:49:03,240 --> 00:49:07,400
how you can POGO through that situation.

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00:49:07,400 --> 00:49:13,440
So we'll be back in a couple of weeks with another episode of the POGO podcast.

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00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:25,760
Bye bye everybody.

